Article
Pediatrics
Baukje M. Dotinga, Ronnaug Solberg, Ola D. Saugstad, Arend F. Bos, Elisabeth M. W. Kooi
Summary: Reoxygenation after global hypoxia can improve splanchnic oxygenation, but using 100% oxygen exposes the intestine to hyperoxia. Reduced variability in splanchnic oxygenation hours after hypoxia and reoxygenation may be indicative of intestinal injury.
PEDIATRIC RESEARCH
(2022)
Review
Pediatrics
Jogender Kumar, Rajendra Prasad Anne, Jitendra Meena, Venkataseshan Sundaram, Sourabh Dutta, Praveen Kumar
Summary: The practice of withholding feed during therapeutic hypothermia for neonates with hypoxemic ischemic encephalopathy is conventionally followed, but recent studies suggest that enteral feeding might be safe during this period. A systematic comparison of enteral feeding and non-feeding strategies in infants undergoing therapeutic hypothermia for hypoxemic ischemic encephalopathy was conducted. The results showed that the incidence of stage II/III necrotizing enterocolitis was very low and there were no significant differences between the enteral feeding group and the non-feeding group.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS
(2023)
Article
Pediatrics
Mecklin V. Ragan, Samantha J. Wala, Nitin Sajankila, Audrey F. Duff, Yijie Wang, Samuel G. Volpe, Ameer Al-Hadidi, Zachary Dumbauld, Nanditha Purayil, Joseph Wickham, Miriam R. Conces, Belgacem Mihi, Steven D. Goodman, Michael T. Bailey, Gail E. Besner
Summary: This article introduces an enteral-feed only piglet model of NEC and introduces a new multifactorial D-NEC scoring system to assess the severity of the disease. Piglets with NEC had microbiome changes consistent with clinical cases. This model can be used to test novel therapies for treating and preventing this devastating disease.
FRONTIERS IN PEDIATRICS
(2023)
Article
Pediatrics
Kristine Bach Korsholm Knudsen, Nikolaj Nerup, Joergen Thorup, Thomas Thymann, Per Torp Sangild, Lars Bo Svendsen, Michael Achiam, Morten Bo Soendergaard Svendsen, Torsten Lauritsen, Lisa Leth Maroun, Inge Boetker Rasmussen Ifaoui
Summary: q-ICG is a feasible and valuable technique to evaluate tissue perfusion in NEC-lesions. The study found cutoff values between intestine with scores 1-2 and scores 3-6 in the colon, and scores 3-4 in the small intestine.
JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC SURGERY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Peng Lu, Yukihiro Yamaguchi, William B. Fulton, Sanxia Wang, Qinjie Zhou, Hongpeng Jia, Mark L. Kovler, Andres Gonzalez Salazar, Maame Sampah, Thomas Prindle, Peter Wipf, Chhinder P. Sodhi, David J. Hackam
Summary: NEC, a disease of prematurity, is associated with AHR signaling. Administration of AHR ligands during pregnancy and postnatally can prevent NEC. AHR signaling plays a crucial role in the development of NEC and may be a potential therapeutic target for NEC.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Chhinder P. Sodhi, Raheel Ahmad, Hongpeng Jia, William B. Fulton, Carla Lopez, Andres J. Gonzalez Salazar, Asuka Ishiyama, Maame Sampah, Steve Steinway, Sanxia Wang, Thomas Prindle, Menghan Wang, David L. Steed, Howard Wessel, Ziv Kirshner, Larry R. Brown, Peng Lu, David J. Hackam
Summary: This study shows that the secreted product of amniotic progenitor cells, ST266, can prevent and treat necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) through inhibiting Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling, and also affects important genes associated with gut remodeling, immunity, and metabolism. These findings suggest that the amniotic secretome may offer novel therapeutic approaches for NEC.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-GASTROINTESTINAL AND LIVER PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Editorial Material
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Jorn-Hendrik Weitkamp
Summary: NEC in preterm infants can lead to cognitive delay and neurodevelopmental disability, with CD4(+) T cells potentially playing a role in brain injury.
NATURE REVIEWS GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Pediatrics
Ramaa Chitale, Kacey Ferguson, Megan Talej, Wen-Chien Yang, Siran He, Karen M. Edmond, Emily R. Smith
Summary: Early enteral feeding within 72 hours after birth is likely to reduce mortality and length of hospital stay in preterm and low birth weight infants, and may also decrease the risk of sepsis and weight at discharge. However, its effect on other outcomes such as necrotizing enterocolitis is uncertain.
Article
Pediatrics
Brenda Poindexter
Summary: Probiotic products in the US and Canada are increasingly used in preterm infants, despite lacking FDA approval and sufficient evidence on safety and efficacy. The use of dietary supplement-grade probiotics raises concerns due to potential contamination and lack of regulation. As such, universal administration of probiotics to preterm infants is not recommended based on current evidence.
Article
Microbiology
Jing Lu, Alexander Drobyshevsky, Lei Lu, Yueyue Yu, Michael S. Caplan, Erika C. Claud
Summary: Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a major cause of gastrointestinal disease in premature infants and poses a significant risk for neurodevelopmental impairment (NDI). This study found that abnormal bacterial colonization in preterm infants contributes to the development of NEC and negatively affects brain development and neurological outcomes. Using a mouse model, the researchers observed decreased occludin and ZO-1 expression, increased inflammation, impaired behavioral performance, delayed brain maturation, and altered metabolic profiles in mice with NEC, indicating the negative impacts of pre-NEC microbiota on brain development and neurological outcomes.
Review
Food Science & Technology
Nikolai Kolba, Elad Tako
Summary: This study systematically reviewed alternative dietary bioactive compounds that have shown promising outcomes in ameliorating necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in vivo studies conducted within the past six years. The findings suggest that natural cytotoxic chemicals derived from medicinal plants have the potential to be powerful alternative drugs and therapies for NEC.
CRITICAL REVIEWS IN FOOD SCIENCE AND NUTRITION
(2023)
Article
Pediatrics
Shiloh R. Lueschow, Timothy J. Boly, Elizabeth Jasper, Ravi M. Patel, Steven J. McElroy
Summary: This study compared different NEC definitions in evaluating neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis, with newer definitions outperforming Bell's staging. The importance of nine criteria for diagnosis was identified through feature evaluation in decision tree classifiers.
PEDIATRIC RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Pediatrics
Shan He, Gang Liu, Xueping Zhu
Summary: This study demonstrates the beneficial effects of human breast milk-derived exosomes in preventing necrotizing enterocolitis by reducing inflammation and injury, and restoring intestinal tight-junction proteins.
PEDIATRIC RESEARCH
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Si-Jia Di, Si-Yuan Wu, Tian-Jing Liu, Yong-Yan Shi
Summary: This review discusses the therapeutic mechanisms through which stem cells may function in the treatment of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). Animal studies have shown that stem cells have anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and intestinal barrier enhancing effects, which may be protective against NEC.
MOLECULAR MEDICINE
(2022)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Keqin Liu, Adila Abudusalamu, Jixin Yang, Yanwei Su
Summary: This review aimed to evaluate the effects of early enteral feeding on health outcomes in preterm infants. Nine systematic reviews were included, showing that early enteral feeding may improve weight gain, reduce feed intolerance, shorten feeding duration, decrease hospital stay, lower the incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis and mortality risk. However, the certainty of evidence was generally low, indicating a need for further research to assess long-term outcomes.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Brandon Y. H. Chan, Andrej Roczkowsky, Woo Jung Cho, Mathieu Poirier, Consolato Sergi, Vic Keschrumrus, Jared M. Churko, Henk Granzier, Richard Schulz
Summary: The study found that MMP inhibitors can protect against DXR cardiotoxicity by reducing cardiac dysfunction and left ventricular remodelling, preventing myocardial fibrosis. This suggests that MMP inhibitors may be a potential prophylactic strategy to prevent heart injury during chemotherapy.
CARDIOVASCULAR RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Pediatrics
Eugene M. Dempsey, Keith J. Barrington, Neil Marlow, Colm Patrick Finbarr O'Donnell, Jan Miletin, Gunnar Naulaers, Po-Yin Cheung, John David Corcoran, Afif Faisal EL-Khuffash, Geraldine B. Boylan, Vicki Livingstone, Gerard Pons, Jozef Macko, David Van Laere, Hana Wiedermannova, Zbynek Stranak
Summary: This study aimed to investigate whether restricting the use of inotrope after diagnosis of low blood pressure in the first 72 hours of life affects survival without significant brain injury at 36 weeks of postmenstrual age in infants born before 28 weeks of gestation. The trial was terminated early due to enrollment issues, but the results did not show major differences in outcomes between standard and restrictive approaches to treatment.
ARCHIVES OF DISEASE IN CHILDHOOD-FETAL AND NEONATAL EDITION
(2021)
Article
Pediatrics
Marlies Bruckner, Megan O'Reilly, Tze-Fun Lee, Mattias Neset, Po-Yin Cheung, Georg M. Schmoelzer
Summary: Different depths of chest compressions have varying effects on hemodynamic parameters in neonatal piglet models, with the highest carotid blood flow and systolic blood pressure achieved at 40% of the anterior-posterior chest diameter.
ARCHIVES OF DISEASE IN CHILDHOOD-FETAL AND NEONATAL EDITION
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jagmeet Bhogal, Anne Lee Solevag, Megan O'Reilly, Tze-Fun Lee, Chloe Joynt, Lisa K. Hornberger, Georg M. Schmolzer, Po-Yin Cheung
Summary: The addition of volume guarantee (VG) mode during high frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV) affects systemic and cerebral hemodynamics in neonates with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS).
Article
Pediatrics
Marlies Bruckner, Seung Yeon Kim, Gyu Hong Shim, Mattias Neset, Catalina Garcia-Hidalgo, Tze-Fun Lee, Megan O'Reilly, Po-Yin Cheung, Georg M. Schmolzer
Summary: The study found that a 40% anterior-posterior chest depth is optimal for reducing time to return of spontaneous circulation and improving survival during chest compressions, with further improvement in hemodynamic and respiratory parameters observed at depths ranging from 25% to 40%.
ARCHIVES OF DISEASE IN CHILDHOOD-FETAL AND NEONATAL EDITION
(2022)
Article
Pediatrics
Marlies Bruckner, Mattias Neset, Megan O'Reilly, Tze-Fun Lee, Po-Yin Cheung, Georg M. Schmoelzer
Summary: The study found that incremental increases in the rate of chest compressions up to 180/min improved cardiac output in asphyxiated piglets receiving cardiopulmonary resuscitation with sustained inflations.
ARCHIVES OF DISEASE IN CHILDHOOD-FETAL AND NEONATAL EDITION
(2023)
Article
Pediatrics
Linda Gai Rui Chen, Po-Yin Cheung, Brenda Hiu Yan Law
Summary: The use of LRMs on HFO-VG in preterm infants did not result in sustained improvement to oxygenation or ventilation.
Article
Cell Biology
Parikshit Bagchi, Xiaofang Liu, Woo Jung Cho, Billy Tsai
Summary: Polyomavirus SV40 reorganizes host ER membranes to form focal structures that facilitate virus escape into the cytosol. The virus preferentially localizes at multi-tubular ER junctions, exploiting vulnerable sites for membrane penetration. ER membrane protein Lunapark relocates to ER foci to support focus formation and facilitate virus escape and infection.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Weichao Zhang, Xi Yang, Yingxiang Li, Linchen Yu, Bokai Zhang, Jianchao Zhang, Woo Jung Cho, Varsha Venkatarangan, Liang Chen, Bala Bharathi Burugula, Sarah Bui, Yanzhuang Wang, Cunming Duan, Jacob O. Kitzman, Ming Li
Summary: In this study, researchers identify TMEM251 as the first regulator of the M6P modification, which is necessary for correct lysosomal targeting. Deletion of TMEM251 results in mistargeting of lysosomal enzymes and accumulation of undigested materials. These findings provide insights into a newly discovered human disease caused by TMEM251 mutations.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Justine Kniert, Theodore dos Santos, Heather E. Eaton, Woo Jung Cho, Greg Plummer, Maya Shmulevitz
Summary: During the replication of reoviruses, the amplification of cores and the assembly of outer capsid proteins occur in separate factories with a temporal delay.
Article
Pediatrics
Solomon Nyame, Po-Yin Cheung, Tez-Fun Lee, Megan O'Reilly, Georg M. Schmoelzer
Summary: This study aimed to compare the time to return of spontaneous circulation in infant piglets receiving 21% oxygen and 100% oxygen during cardiac arrest, finding that 21% oxygen had similar efficacy to 100% oxygen. Clinical studies comparing the two oxygen concentrations during infant CPR are recommended.
Article
Pediatrics
Marlies Bruckner, Mattias Neset, Megan O'Reilly, Tze-Fun Lee, Po-Yin Cheung, Georg M. M. Schmoelzer
Summary: This study compared the hemodynamic effects of four different finger positions during chest compressions in a piglet model of neonatal asphyxia. The findings indicate that using the 2-thumb technique or the over-the-head 2-thumb technique resulted in improved carotid blood flow and left ventricular function.
Article
Pediatrics
Marlies Bruckner, Mattias Neset, Catalina Garcia-Hidalgo, Tze-Fun Lee, Megan O'Reilly, Po-Yin Cheung, Georg M. Schmolzer
Summary: This study compared the effects of chest compression rates of 90/min and 180/min on the time to return of spontaneous circulation, survival, hemodynamic, and respiratory parameters in asphyxiated newborn piglets. The results showed that there were no significant differences in the time to return of spontaneous circulation and hemodynamic and respiratory parameters between the two compression rates.
Article
Cell Biology
Jeffrey M. M. Williams, Yu-Jie Chen, Woo Jung Cho, Andrew W. W. Tai, Billy Tsai
Summary: SARS-CoV-2 exploits host factors, specifically the ER membrane proteins RTN3 and RTN4, to promote the formation of DMVs that are critical for efficient viral replication. Different variants of SARS-CoV-2, including the Delta variant, utilize the RTN-dependent pathway to enhance infection. The membrane-embedded reticulon homology domain of RTNs can functionally support viral replication by interacting with viral non-structural membrane proteins NSP3 and NSP4 to induce DMV formation.
JOURNAL OF CELL BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Pediatrics
Minoo Ashoori, John M. O'Toole, Ken D. O'Halloran, Gunnar Naulaers, Liesbeth Thewissen, Jan Miletin, Po-Yin Cheung, Afif EL-Khuffash, David Van Laere, Zbynek Stranak, Eugene M. Dempsey, Fiona B. McDonald
Summary: This study aimed to test the potential utility of applying machine learning methods to detect brain injury in extremely preterm infants using regional cerebral (rcSO(2)) and peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO(2)) signals. The analysis of a subset of infants in a clinical trial showed that data-driven desaturation (PRD) in rcSO(2) could better predict brain injury compared to a threshold-based approach.