Article
Orthopedics
Rui Lin, Bilian Xu, Zhiqiang Ye, Yin Gao, Haiping Fang, Jintong Song, Dahong Liang, Lingna Liu, Zilong Hu, Min Zhang, Jinsong Wei, Feifu Deng, Xiangxin Zhong, Liao Cui, Yanzhi Liu
Summary: This study demonstrated that metformin significantly attenuated osteopenia and improved bone microarchitecture in T2DM rat models. It also promoted stem cell osteogenic differentiation under high glucose conditions. The effects of metformin on bone metabolism are closely associated with the suppression of the RAGE-JAK2STAT1 signaling axis.
JOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDIC TRANSLATION
(2023)
Article
Orthopedics
Mai P. Nguyen, Nicholas P. Gannon, Anna N. Miller
Summary: Orthopaedic surgeons should play an active role in preventing falls in geriatric patients by educating patients, modifying environment, conducting medical fall risk assessments, optimizing bone health, and providing physical/occupational therapy.
JOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDIC TRAUMA
(2021)
Article
Orthopedics
Christian T. Smith, David W. Barton, Amit S. Piple, Jonathan J. Carmouche
Summary: Osteoporosis screening and secondary fracture prevention after pelvic fractures were found to be inadequate in the study population. The majority of patients did not undergo dual x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans or receive anti-osteoporosis medications. Within 2 years, 41.0% of patients developed additional osteoporotic fractures.
JOURNAL OF BONE AND JOINT SURGERY-AMERICAN VOLUME
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Christina Avgerinou, Irene Petersen, Andrew Clegg, Robert M. West, David Osborn, Kate Walters
Summary: This study used primary care data to estimate the incidence of recorded diagnosis of osteoporosis, osteopenia, and fragility fracture in the UK during 2000-2018, and found that men living in the most deprived areas had a higher risk of diagnosis compared to men living in the least deprived areas.
OSTEOPOROSIS INTERNATIONAL
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Sebastian Ruehling, Julian Schwarting, Matthias F. Froelich, Maximilian T. Loeffler, Jannis Bodden, Moritz R. Hernandez R. Petzsche, Thomas Baum, Maria Wostrack, A. Kaywan Aftahy, Vanadin Seifert-Klauss, Nico Sollmann, Claus Zimmer, Jan S. Kirschke, Fabian Tollens
Summary: Opportunistic quantitative computed tomography (oQCT) derived from non-dedicated routine CT has demonstrated high accuracy in diagnosing osteoporosis and predicting vertebral fractures (VFs). In terms of cost-effectiveness, oQCT screening is more cost-effective than DXA screening and can prevent more VFs.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Angelo Alito, Federica Bellone, Simona Portaro, Giulia Leonardi, Vittorio Cannavo, Francesca Coppini, Danilo Leonetti, Antonino Catalano, Giovanni Squadrito, Domenico Fenga
Summary: Haemophilia A (HA) and haemophilia B (HB) are X-linked bleeding disorders caused by the absence or deficiency of coagulation factors VIII (FVIII) and IX (FIX). Recent advancements in haemophilia treatment have led to increased life expectancy, resulting in a higher incidence of fragility fractures. The pathogenesis of bone loss in people with haemophilia involves multiple factors including joint bleeding, reduced physical activity, nutritional deficiencies, and FVIII/FIX deficiency. The management of fractures in people with haemophilia includes pharmacological treatment, surgery, and rehabilitation.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Simone Ciuffi, Francesca Marini, Caterina Fossi, Simone Donati, Francesca Giusti, Annalisa Botta, Laura Masi, Giancarlo Isaia, Claudio Marcocci, Silvia Migliaccio, Salvatore Minisola, Ranuccio Nuti, Umberto Tarantino, Teresa Iantomasi, Maria Luisa Brandi
Summary: This study investigated the expression of circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) in osteoporotic patients using next-generation sequencing (NGS) and droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR). The study identified differentially expressed miRNAs, including miR-23a-3p, miR-21-5p, and miR-320a-3p, which could distinguish osteoporotic patients from individuals with normal bone mineral density (BMD). Increased expression of c-miR-320a-3p was specifically associated with fractures, suggesting it as a potential prognostic indicator of fracture risk in osteoporotic patients. These findings need to be further validated in prospective studies.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM
(2022)
Article
Rheumatology
Paul James Mitchell, Ding-Cheng (Derrick) Chan, Joon-Kiong Lee, Irewin Tabu, Bernardino B. Alpuerto
Summary: This review discusses the current burden, risk factors, acute management, and care gaps in fragility fractures in different settings. It provides a summary of global, regional, and national initiatives to improve care quality and proposes a research agenda. Systematic approaches to improve acute care, rehabilitation, and prevention of fragility fractures are crucial for high-, middle-, and low-income countries worldwide.
BEST PRACTICE & RESEARCH IN CLINICAL RHEUMATOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Benjamin Tze Keong Ding, Hai Fon Lim, Fadzleen Johari, Remesh Kunnasegaran
Summary: This study evaluates the efficacy of an Orthopaedic Surgeon Led Osteoporosis Model of Care (OSLO-MoC) in improving the care of patients with primary osteoporotic fractures. The study shows that the OSLO-MOC is effective in improving medication compliance and reducing secondary fractures in patients.
OSTEOPOROSIS INTERNATIONAL
(2023)
Review
Orthopedics
Eleonora Piccirilli, Ida Cariati, Matteo Primavera, Rebecca Triolo, Elena Gasbarra, Umberto Tarantino
Summary: This article reviews the use of fixation augmentation techniques in osteoporotic fractures. The literature review shows that augmentation techniques can improve the stability and strength of implants. However, there are currently no recommendations or consensus on the use of augmentation techniques in osteoporotic fractures.
BMC MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDERS
(2022)
Article
Critical Care Medicine
R. A. Timmer, P. Krijnen, P. van der Zwaal, I. B. Schipper, S. A. G. Meylaerts
Summary: The clinical relevance of combined anterior and posterior pelvic ring fractures (PRF) in elderly patients was investigated in this study. The majority of elderly patients with anterior PRF also had posterior PRF. Patients with combined anterior and posterior fractures were found to be more dependent on walking aids at 2-4 weeks compared to patients with isolated anterior fractures, but there were no significant differences in pain scores and Activities of Daily Living scores.
INJURY-INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THE CARE OF THE INJURED
(2023)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Isabel Geiger, Christian Kammerlander, Christine Hoefer, Ruth Volland, Joerg Trinemeier, Martina Henschelchen, Thomas Friess, Wolfgang Boecker, Leonie Sundmacher
Summary: The study aims to evaluate whether a coordinated care programme can reduce the secondary fracture rate for patients with fragility hip fractures in Germany, by implementing systematic diagnostics, falls prevention programmes, and guideline-adherent interventions based on the Fracture Liaison Services model. The findings will shed light on potential barriers to FLS implementation in the German healthcare system.
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Filippo Migliorini, Riccardo Giorgino, Frank Hildebrand, Filippo Spiezia, Giuseppe Maria Peretti, Mario Alessandri-Bonetti, Joerg Eschweiler, Nicola Maffulli
Summary: Given the progressive ageing of Western populations, the fragility fractures market is experiencing a growing socioeconomic impact. Fragility fractures, common in the elderly, have negative effects on their quality of life, autonomy, disability rate, and life expectancy. Targeting fragile patients before the occurrence of fractures remains a significant challenge, with current diagnostic tools having limitations.
MEDICINA-LITHUANIA
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Ebru Koseoglu Tohma, Ozden Ozyemisci Taskiran
Summary: In patients with a cardiac pacemaker, pocket-related complications such as nerve impairment or bone fractures are infrequent, but rare complications like rib fractures several months after implantation may occur. Pacemaker implantation may cause shoulder dysfunction and pectoral tightness, resulting in reduced trunk flexibility and potentially leading to fragility fractures like in the case presented.
ARCHIVES OF OSTEOPOROSIS
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Matteo Ponzano, N. Tibert, S. Brien, L. Funnell, J. C. Gibbs, H. Keller, J. Laprade, S. N. Morin, A. Papaioannou, Z. Weston, T. H. Wideman, L. M. Giangregorio
Summary: We found a knowledge gap in the management of osteoporotic vertebral fractures without drugs and surgery. This international consensus process has established multidisciplinary biopsychosocial recommendations for pain, nutrition, safe movement, and exercise in individuals with acute and chronic vertebral fractures. These recommendations will guide clinical practice and inform future research.
OSTEOPOROSIS INTERNATIONAL
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Jeanne E. Conner, Joshua A. Steinberg
Summary: Diagnosis of anaphylaxis should involve comprehensive consideration, including detailed history and objective findings. Using diagnostic criteria and considering rare triggers, as well as evaluating for mast cell disorders, can aid in the diagnosis. Referral to specialists may be necessary.
MEDICAL CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA
(2024)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Alejandra Escobar Vasco, Julie -Ann Talano, Larisa Broglie
Summary: HLH is a rare but fatal disease, and maintaining a high level of suspicion is crucial for patients with evidence of hyperinflammation. Adolescents with HLH should undergo genetic evaluation for familial HLH, and primary immune deficiencies and dysregulation disorders should also be considered. Early diagnosis and treatment are necessary to prevent morbidity and mortality related to HLH's hyperinflammation.
MEDICAL CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA
(2024)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Kathleen Ryan
Summary: Fevers of unknown origin (FUO) present a diagnostic challenge, with a wide range of potential causes including infectious, autoimmune, and malignant. Some adolescents with FUO may never have an identifiable etiology, but the prognosis is generally favorable in the absence of red flag symptoms.
MEDICAL CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA
(2024)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Brett J. Bordini, Ryan D. Walsh, Donald Basel, Tejaswini Deshmukh
MEDICAL CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA
(2024)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Hsi Yen, Leah Lalor
Summary: The article emphasizes the importance of increased awareness among healthcare providers when faced with severe adolescent acne that may not be typical teenage acne. It provides a summary of uncommon causes of severe adolescent acne and a simplified diagnostic approach. Additionally, it discusses rare autoinflammatory syndromic causes of acne and acne associated with excess androgen states.
MEDICAL CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA
(2024)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Bethany Auble, Justin Dey
MEDICAL CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA
(2024)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Kaitlin V. Kirkpatrick, James J. Nocton
MEDICAL CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA
(2024)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Louella Amos
MEDICAL CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA
(2024)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Tracey Thompson, Ashley Phimister, Alexander Raskin
Summary: Heart failure occurs as a result of pressure or volume overload in congenital and acquired heart diseases, and its treatment varies depending on the underlying cause.
MEDICAL CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA
(2024)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Allison Remiker, Kristina Bolling, James Verbsky
Summary: CVID is a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by abnormal B-cell differentiation and impaired production of specific immunoglobulin. Clinical manifestations vary and include recurrent bacterial infections, lymphoproliferation, autoimmunity, pulmonary disease, gastrointestinal disease, granulomas, and increased cancer risk. The diagnosis of CVID is complex, requiring exclusion of other causes of immunoglobulin deficiency and assessment based on clinical criteria models. Treatment involves regular immunoglobulin replacement therapy, infection prevention, and surveillance for complications.
MEDICAL CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA
(2024)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Bridget A. Rafferty, Pooja Thakrar
Summary: CNO/CRMO is an underrecognized autoinflammatory disorder of the skeletal system resulting from immune dysregulation. Diagnosis is often delayed due to vague symptoms and the lack of accepted diagnostic criteria or specific biomarkers. Untreated CRMO can lead to chronic skeletal deformities, arthritis, and chronic pain. Diagnosis requires MRI and WB-MRI. Treatment primarily involves antiinflammatory medications.
MEDICAL CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA
(2024)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Vaishali Singh, Scott K. Van Why
Summary: Hypertension in adolescents is rare, and evaluation for identifiable causes beyond primary hypertension is necessary. Common causes of hypertension in this age group are usually acquired or congenital renal or vascular diseases. If these etiologies are not found, exploration for rare causes, including monogenic hypertension, should be pursued.
MEDICAL CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA
(2024)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Dominic O. Co
Summary: Acquired demyelinating syndromes (ADS) are a group of inflammatory demyelinating conditions that include optic neuritis, transverse myelitis, and acute demyelinating encephalomyelitis. Differentiating between subtypes of ADS is important for optimal patient management, and this can be achieved by considering clinical features, laboratory tests (especially autoantibodies), and MRI findings.
MEDICAL CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA
(2024)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Meghan K. Konda, Matthew Harmelink
Summary: Pediatric adolescent muscle weakness can have various causes. A methodical diagnostic evaluation is necessary to determine the specific disease category, which may require specialized care or extensive testing. The ultimate diagnosis is crucial for prognostication.
MEDICAL CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA
(2024)