Review
Microbiology
Shaoxiong Yu, Hailiang Ge, Su Li, Hua-Ji Qiu
Summary: Macrophages play a crucial role in the immune response against viruses, but viruses have developed strategies to manipulate macrophage polarization for their own benefit. This review focuses on the sophisticated regulation of macrophage polarization by viruses, providing insights into the mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets for antiviral treatments.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Catielen Paula Pavi, Isabella Dai Pra, Rafael Dorighello Cadamuro, Isamu Kanzaki, Jhuly Wellen Ferreira Lacerda, Louis Pergaud Sandjo, Roberto Messias Bezerra, Jorge Federico Orellana Segovia, Gislaine Fongaro, Izabella Thais Silva
Summary: This study evaluated the activity of seventeen extracts derived from eight Amazonian medicinal plants against herpes simplex virus and chikungunya virus. Four extracts exhibited significant activity against both viruses, including the drug-resistant strains. Virucidal tests showed a higher level of virucidal activity compared to antiviral activity.
BIOMEDICINE & PHARMACOTHERAPY
(2023)
Review
Microbiology
Yusi Zhang, Ruixue Ma, Yutong Wang, Wenjie Sun, Ziwei Yang, Mingwei Han, Tixin Han, Xing-an Wu, Rongrong Liu
Summary: Hantavirus has evolved various strategies to evade the host's immune surveillance, including interfering with the Interferon-I (IFN-I) signaling pathway, regulating cell death and cell stress, and upregulating immune checkpoint molecules to interfere with viral infections. Understanding these antiviral immune evasion mechanisms will deepen our understanding of hantavirus pathogenesis and help develop more effective control and elimination methods.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Hanna H. Schalkwijk, Robert Snoeck, Graciela Andrei
Summary: Herpes simplex viruses (HSV) can cause significant morbidity and mortality in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised individuals, and the nucleoside analogue acyclovir has greatly improved the management of HSV infections. However, acyclovir resistant strains have been reported, especially in immunocompromised patients. This review discusses the prevalence of acyclovir resistance in HSV infections and alternative antiviral treatments.
BIOCHEMICAL PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Yiwei Huang, Yuyun Song, Jichen Li, Changning Lv, Zhe-Sheng Chen, Zhijun Liu
Summary: Human herpes simplex viruses use cell surface receptors such as heparan sulfate, herpesvirus entry mediator, and nectin-1/-2, 3-O-sulfated heparan sulfate to enter host cells. No vaccine or curative treatment is currently available for HSV infections.
DRUG DISCOVERY TODAY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Anita Toscani, Rossana Denaro, Sergio Fernando Castillo Pacheco, Matteo Biolatti, Silvia Anselmi, Valentina Dell'Oste, Daniele Castagnolo
Summary: A series of amidinourea compounds have been synthesized as potential non-nucleoside anti-HSV agents, showing micromolar activity against HSV-1 with low cytotoxicity. These compounds act in an early stage of the HSV replication cycle, just after viral attachment and entry.
Review
Virology
Brent A. Stanfield, Konstantin G. Kousoulas, Agustin Fernandez, Edward Gershburg
Summary: Diseases caused by human herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 affect millions worldwide, but there are currently no FDA-approved vaccines. The development of novel live-attenuated vaccines aims to prevent or reduce the impact of herpes simplex infections, building on the success of past live-attenuated vaccines in combating viral diseases. These vaccines are designed to generate robust and protective immune responses based on our understanding of the immunopathogenesis of herpesviral infections.
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Maryam Zangi, Katherine A. Donald, Andreu Gazquez Casals, Abaigeal D. Franson, Alice J. Yu, Elise M. Marker, Molly E. Woodson, Scott D. Campbell, M. Abdul Mottaleb, Tanguturi Venkata Narayana Hajay Kumar, Makala Shakar Reddy, Lingala Vijaya Raghava Reddy, Subir Kumar Sadhukhan, David W. Griggs, Lynda A. Morrison, Marvin J. Meyers
Summary: The derivative compounds of ciclopirox olamine effectively inhibit replication of HSV-2 with low cytotoxicity, indicating their strong therapeutic potential. Structural comparison confirms the importance of hydrophobic groups in the efficacy of ciclopirox and its derivatives.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Anna Duckworth, Hilary J. Longhurst, Jane K. Paxton, Chris J. Scotton
Summary: Pulmonary fibrosis is a serious lung disease that can result from genetic or environmental exposures, or may be idiopathic. Recent evidence suggests short telomeres may play a causal role in PF. The involvement of herpes viruses in PF disease remains a debated topic with inconclusive evidence.
FRONTIERS IN MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Ophthalmology
Eleanor N. Nche, Ayala Katzir, Avraham Solomon, Dana Wolf, Amos Panet, Itay Lavy
Summary: The occurrence of herpes simplex virus (HSV) types 1 and 2 and varicella zoster virus (VZV) DNA in transplanted corneas was detected using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and the relationship between latent HSV and VZV and herpetic eye disease in recipients was determined. Samples from 88 donor corneoscleral buttons (CSBs) were tested, and HSV-1 DNA was detected in 5 (5.7%) of the samples. HSV-2 was not found, and VZV was detected in 1 (1.2%) of the samples. Recipients of HSV-positive corneal grafts could be at risk for herpetic eye disease.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ji Xiao, Miaomiao Cai, Yifei Wang, Ping Ding
Summary: The iridoid compounds in traditional Chinese medicine have significant antiviral effects. This study identified seven new iridoid compounds from the aerial parts of Morinda officinalis, with officinaloside C showing significant anti-HSV-1 activity.
Review
Virology
Lukas van de Sand, Maren Bormann, Yasmin Schmitz, Christiane Silke Heilingloh, Oliver Witzke, Adalbert Krawczyk
Summary: Herpes simplex viruses are widely distributed with high seroprevalence in the adult population. Refractory viral infections with HSV-1 and HSV-2 present a major global health issue, especially with the increasing resistance to conventional antiviral drugs.
Review
Microbiology
Chonghui Xu, Jizheng Chen, Xinwen Chen
Summary: Hepatitis viruses are the primary causative agents of hepatitis and pose a major public health issue globally. The host innate immune system acts as the first line of defense against these viruses. However, hepatitis viruses evade host immune surveillance through various strategies, compromising the innate immune response and creating a favorable environment for viral replication.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Marzena Lenart, Edyta Dzialo, Anna Kluczewska, Kazimierz Weglarczyk, Anna Szaflarska, Magdalena Rutkowska-Zapala, Marcin Surmiak, Marek Sanak, Anna Pituch-Noworolska, Maciej Siedlar
Summary: The study identified upregulated expression of four miRNAs in patients with severe and/or recurrent HSV infection, which, when inhibited, affected NK cell antiviral response. Furthermore, these miRNAs were found to regulate genes involved in antiviral response pathways and impact NK cell intracellular protein expression.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Max E. Mertens, David M. Knipe
Summary: Cells activate DNA damage response when infected by DNA viruses such as herpes simplex virus 1, with different DDR kinase pathways in infected and uninfected cells. Key host gene products and DDR components have opposite effects on the replication of herpes simplex virus 1, suggesting the virus manipulates the host cell DDR to facilitate its replication while deactivating antiviral aspects.
Article
Immunology
Susan M. Bueno, Katia Abarca, Pablo A. Gonzalez, Nicolas M. S. Galvez, Jorge A. Soto, Luisa F. Duarte, Barbara M. Schultz, Gaspar A. Pacheco, Liliana A. Gonzalez, Yaneisi Vazquez, Mariana Rios, Felipe Melo-Gonzalez, Daniela Rivera-Perez, Carolina Iturriaga, Marcela Urzua, Angelica Dominguez, Catalina A. Andrade, Roslye Berrios-Rojas, Gisela Canedo-Marroquin, Camila Covian, Daniela Moreno-Tapia, Farides Saavedra, Omar P. Vallejos, Paulina Donato, Pilar Espinoza, Daniela Fuentes, Marcela Gonzalez, Paula Guzman, Paula Munoz Venturelli, Carlos M. Perez, Marcela Potin, Alvaro Rojas, Rodrigo A. Fasce, Jorge Fernandez, Judith Mora, Eugenio Ramirez, Aracelly Gaete-Argel, Aaron Oyarzun-Arrau, Fernando Valiente-Echeverria, Ricardo Soto-Rifo, Daniela Weiskopf, Alessandro Sette, Gang Zeng, Weining Meng, Jose Gonzalez-Aramundiz, Alexis M. Kalergis
Summary: Vaccination with CoronaVac in Chilean adults aged >= 18 years is safe and induces immune responses, including antibody production and T cell activation. The vaccine demonstrates the generation of neutralizing antibodies and T cell responses in both the 18-59 and >= 60 age groups.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Alejandro Pina-Iturbe, Guillermo Hoppe-Elsholz, Paulina A. Fernandez, Carlos A. Santiviago, Pablo A. Gonzalez, Susan M. Bueno
Summary: This study aims to gain a better understanding of the factors involved in the excision of genomic islands. By studying the pathogenicity island ROD21 in Salmonella, a conserved gene SEN1998 related to excision was identified, providing insights into the mechanism of ROD21 excision.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Veronica Villalobos, Mauricio Garrido, Antonia Reyes, Christian Fernandez, Catalina Diaz, Vicente A. Torres, Pablo A. Gonzalez, Monica Caceres
Summary: Aging negatively affects gingival wound healing and alters cellular responses and tissue functions. Salivary antimicrobial peptides and pathogenic infections (such as P. gingivalis and HSV) are associated with periodontal disease progression and other pathologies.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Microbiology
Abel A. Soto, Gerardo Ortiz, Sofia Contreras, Ricardo Soto-Rifo, Pablo A. Gonzalez
Summary: Herpesviruses are highly prevalent double-stranded DNA viruses that can cause a wide range of clinical manifestations and diseases. Chemical modifications of viral RNA and DNA play critical roles in modulating the life cycle of herpesviruses during the lytic and latent phases of infection.
Review
Immunology
Luisa F. Duarte, Sebastian Gatica, Almendra Castillo, Alexis M. Kalergis, Susan M. Bueno, Claudia A. Riedel, Pablo A. Gonzalez
Summary: Numerous studies have linked the onset and severity of multiple sclerosis (MS) with viral infections. Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), which is neurotropic and commonly found in the brains of healthy individuals, has been suggested to be associated with MS. This review discusses the reported connections between HSV-1 and MS.
MICROBES AND INFECTION
(2023)
Review
Virology
Linmar Rodriguez-Guilarte, Mario A. Ramirez, Catalina A. Andrade, Alexis M. Kalergis
Summary: LAG-3 is an inhibitory receptor expressed on immune cells, which regulates T cell activation and effector functions in the immune response. Immunotherapies targeting immune checkpoints, including LAG-3, have shown promise in controlling malignant tumors and chronic viral diseases.
Article
Microbiology
Jorge A. Soto, Felipe Melo-Gonzalez, Cristian Gutierrez-Vera, Barbara M. Schultz, Roslye Berrios-Rojas, Daniela Rivera-Perez, Alejandro Pina-Iturbe, Guillermo Hoppe-Elsholz, Luisa F. Duarte, Yaneisi Vazquez, Daniela Moreno-Tapia, Mariana Rios, Pablo A. Palacios, Richard Garcia-Betancourt, Alvaro Santibanez, Gaspar A. Pacheco, Constanza Mendez, Catalina A. Andrade, Pedro H. Silva, Benjamin Diethelm-Varela, Patricio Astudillo, Mario Calvo, Antonio Cardenas, Marcela Gonzalez, Macarena Goldsack, Valentina Gutierrez, Marcela Potin, Andrea Schilling, Lorena Tapia, Loreto Twele, Rodolfo Villena, Alba Grifoni, Alessandro Sette, Daniela Weiskopf, Rodrigo A. Fasce, Jorge Fernandez, Judith Mora, Eugenio Ramirez, Aracelly Gaete-Argel, Monica L. Acevedo, Fernando Valiente-Echeverria, Ricardo Soto-Rifo, Angello Retamal-Diaz, Nathalia Munoz-Jofre, PedCoronaVac, Xing Meng, Qianqian Xin, Eduardo Alarcon-Bustamante, Jose Gonzalez-Aramundiz, Nicole Le Corre, Maria Javiera Alvarez-Figueroa, Pablo A. Gonzalez, Katia Abarca, Cecilia Perret, Leandro J. Carreno, Susan M. Bueno, Alexis M. Kalergis
Summary: CoronaVac has been shown to be safe and immunogenic in children and adolescents in Chile, inducing neutralizing antibody secretion and activating CD4+ T cells against SARS-CoV-2 and its variants.
Review
Microbiology
Monica A. Farias, Benjamin Diethelm-Varela, Alexis M. Kalergis, Pablo A. Gonzalez
Summary: Lipids play crucial roles in the cell as membrane components, signaling molecules, and energy storage sources. Lipid droplets, composed of neutral lipids such as triglycerides and cholesterol esters, are not only cellular energy reserves but also involved in regulating oxidative stress, cellular lipotoxicity, and modulating pathogen infection through immune regulation. Lipid metabolism and lipid droplets play important roles in the replication cycle of RNA viruses, and understanding these processes may reveal new targets for antiviral drugs.
CRITICAL REVIEWS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Hematology
Yolanda Prado, Lorena Perez, Felipe Eltit, Cesar Echeverria, Felipe M. Llancalahuen, Pablo Tapia, Pablo A. Gonzalez, Alexis M. Kalergis, Claudio Cabello-Verrugio, Felipe Simon
Summary: Severe systemic inflammation can lead to oxidative stress, promoting the conversion of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) to oxidized HDL (oxHDL), which interacts with vascular endothelial cells (ECs). OxHDL can acquire procoagulant features and modulate coagulation, which has been linked with organ failure in ICU patients. However, the exact role and underlying molecular mechanism of oxHDL in generating a procoagulant phenotype and causing organ failure and death are still unknown.
THROMBOSIS RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Eduardo I. Tognarelli, Luisa F. Duarte, Monica A. Farias, Felipe A. Cancino, Nicolas Corrales, Francisco J. Ibanez, Claudia A. Riedel, Susan M. Bueno, Alexis M. Kalergis, Pablo A. Gonzalez
Summary: Stimulating HO-1 expression in HSV-infected dendritic cells can promote cell viability and inhibit viral egress. It also promotes the expression of anti-inflammatory molecules and activation of virus-specific CD4(+) T cells. Transferring HSV-infected dendritic cells with induced HO-1 expression can enhance virus-specific T cell activation and improve the outcome of HSV-1 skin infection.
Article
Immunology
Luisa F. Duarte, Yaneisi Vazquez, Benjamin Diethelm-Varela, Valentina Pavez, Roslye Berrios-Rojas, Claudia A. Riedel, Constanza Mendez, Jessica A. White, Alexis M. Kalergis, Susan M. Bueno, Pablo A. Gonzalez
Summary: This study aimed to identify potential antigens for distinguishing humoral responses after vaccination with CoronaVac, natural infection, or breakthrough infection. The results showed that CoronaVac vaccination induced higher levels of antibodies against the viral membrane protein, while the levels of IgG antibodies against the nucleocapsid protein were similar between the booster dose group and convalescent subjects. Breakthrough case patients had the highest antibody levels against the N and M proteins.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Sebastian Mondaca, Benjamin Walbaum, Nicole Le Corre, Marcela Ferres, Alejandro Valdes, Constanza Martinez-Valdebenito, Cinthya Ruiz-Tagle, Patricia Macanas-Pirard, Patricio Ross, Betzabe Cisternas, Patricia Perez, Olivia Cabrera, Valentina Cerda, Ivana Ormazabal, Aldo Barrera, Maria E. Prado, Maria I. Venegas, Silvia Palma, Richard Broekhuizen, Alexis M. Kalergis, Susan M. Bueno, Manuel A. Espinoza, M. Elvira Balcells, Bruno Nervi
Summary: Cancer patients receiving chemotherapy treatment have a lower immune response to SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. Our study demonstrated that booster vaccines elicit strong humoral and cellular responses among cancer patients receiving chemotherapy, regardless of the type of vaccine used as a priming dose. The homologous vaccine regimen was associated with higher neutralizing antibody positivity and total antibody levels.
Review
Microbiology
Xanthippi Topalidou, Alexis M. Kalergis, Georgios Papazisis
Summary: RSV is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in young children and older adults. The development of RSV vaccines is guided by epidemiologic and pathophysiological evidence, using various vaccine technologies. Currently, there are 24 vaccines in clinical development, including two licensed vaccines.