Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Gabriele Serreli, Micaela Rita Naitza, Sonia Zodio, Vera Piera Leoni, Martina Spada, Maria Paola Melis, Anna Boronat, Monica Deiana
Summary: Ferulic acid and its metabolites show efficacy in combating inflammation by limiting the expression and activity of proinflammatory enzymes, reducing NF-κB translocation, and promoting Nrf2 expression.
Article
Respiratory System
Pelin Aydin, Zeynep Berna Aksakalli Magden, Sevgi Karabulut Uzuncakmak, Hamza Halici, Nurullah Akgun, Ali Sefa Mendil, Behzad Mokhtare, Elif Cadirci
Summary: This study demonstrates the potential role of PDE5 inhibitors, specifically avanafil, in preventing the progression of acute lung injury. The results show that avanafil reduces the expression of iNOS, NLRP3, and IL-1 beta mRNA, and decreases the immunopositivity of IL-1 beta, iNOS, TLR4, and NF-kappa B in lung tissues. Additionally, avanafil reduces the wet/dry lung ratios in rats with ALI. These findings suggest that avanafil may be effective in the treatment of ALI.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Eun Hae Kim, Youn Young Shim, Hye In Lee, Sanghyun Lee, Martin J. T. Reaney, Mi Ja Chung
Summary: The current study found that astragalin and isoquercitrin from chamchwi had anti-neuroinflammatory effects by inhibiting the MAPK signaling pathway. Astragalin and isoquercitrin reduced the inflammatory response in LPS-induced microglial cells and hippocampus in mice.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Amelia Cataldi, Rosa Amoroso, Viviana di Giacomo, Susi Zara, Cristina Maccallini, Marialucia Gallorini
Summary: Nitric oxide plays a key role in physiological and pathological processes in mammals, and excessive production is associated with inflammation. Dental pulp inflammation caused by pathogenic bacteria may affect the functions of dental pulp stem cells. Inhibiting nitric oxide production could be a new strategy for treating inflammation and promoting the regeneration of the dentin-pulp complex. This study evaluated two acetamidines related to a selective inhibitor of nitric oxide, and the results showed that they have potential as anti-inflammatory compounds while retaining the mineralization and angiogenic potential of cells.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Marialucia Gallorini, Monica Rapino, Helmut Schweikl, Amelia Cataldi, Rosa Amoroso, Cristina Maccallini
Summary: The study demonstrates that new iNOS inhibitors selectively reduce cytotoxicity, IL-6 secretion, and LPS-stimulated monocyte migration, indicating promising therapeutic potential.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Raquel Blazquez, Han-Ning Chuang, Britta Wenske, Laura Trigueros, Darius Wlochowitz, Renato Liguori, Fulvia Ferrazzi, Tommy Regen, Martin A. Proescholdt, Veit Rohde, Markus J. Riemenschneider, Christine Stadelmann, Annalen Bleckmann, Tim Beissbarth, Denise van Rossum, Uwe K. Hanisch, Tobias Pukrop
Summary: Brain metastasis in breast cancer is difficult to treat, but the development of new therapies is of utmost clinical relevance. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) has been correlated with poor prognosis, but its role in breast cancer brain metastasis has not been investigated. This study tested the prognostic value of various TLRs and examined their therapeutic potential. The results revealed the ambiguous roles of TLR4, its adapter MyD88, and the target nitric oxide (NO) during brain colonization. Additionally, TLR1 and IL6 were found to be associated with poor overall survival in breast cancer brain metastasis patients. Lastly, a single LPS application was shown to shape the microglia/macrophage reaction and reduce metastatic infiltration in the brain, suggesting potential implications for immunotherapy.
Article
Cell Biology
Chung Mu Park, Hyun-Seo Yoon
Summary: Gingival inflammation is a major cause of periodontal diseases, and this study found that chlorogenic acid can alleviate the inflammatory response induced by LPS-PG by modulating multiple signaling pathways.
MEDIATORS OF INFLAMMATION
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Meng Liy Pan, Nur Nabilah Ahmad Puzi, Yin Yin Ooi, Rajesh Ramasamy, Sharmili Vidyadaran
Summary: The latest research shows that microglia phenotype is not limited to the binary states of "resting" and "activated", but exhibits wide diversity. Testing different stimulation protocols for BV2 microglia, we found differences in the response of the cells in terms of intracellular ROS, nitric oxide, CD40 expression, and migratory capacity.
Article
Cell Biology
Swathy O. Vasudevan, Ashley J. Russo, Puja Kumari, Sivapriya Kailasan Vanaja, Vijay A. Rathinam
Summary: CD14 plays a vital role in intracellular LPS sensing by mediating the cytosolic localization of LPS, leading to the activation of caspase-11. This study provides evidence for the critical role of CD14 in noncanonical inflammasome sensing of LPS.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jesus Garcia Diaz, Rosalia Gonzalez Fernandez, Julio Cesar Escalona Arranz, Gabriel Llaurado Maury, Daniel Mendez Rodriguez, Linda De Vooght, Enrique Molina, Emmy Tuenter, Luc Pieters, Paul Cos
Summary: Oxidative stress is involved in many diseases, and natural antioxidants have shown potential in protecting against it. This study found that compounds in Croton linearis leaves can inhibit nitric oxide production and scavenge free radicals, making them a potential source of antioxidants for treating oxidative damage-related diseases.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Athapaththu Mudiyanselage Gihan Kavinda Athapaththu, Kyeong Tae Lee, Mirissa Hewage Dumindu Kavinda, Seunghun Lee, Sanghyuck Kang, Mi-Hwa Lee, Chang -Hee Kang, Yung Hyun Choi, Gi-Young Kim
Summary: Pinostrobin, a natural flavonoid, has anti-inflammatory effects by binding to the TLR4/MD2 complex, attenuating LPS-induced inflammation and endotoxemia.
BIOMEDICINE & PHARMACOTHERAPY
(2022)
Article
Plant Sciences
Weronika Skowronska, Sebastian Granica, Monika E. Czerwinska, Ewa Osinska, Agnieszka Bazylko
Summary: The study confirms the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity of elderberry leaves, particularly against reactive oxygen species. This suggests that elderberry leaves may be a potential medicinal plant with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties.
JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Kaoru Murakami, Daisuke Kamimura, Rie Hasebe, Mona Uchida, Nobuya Abe, Reiji Yamamoto, Jing-Jing Jiang, Yasuhiro Hidaka, Yuko Nakanishi, Shuzo Fujita, Yuki Toda, Nobuhiro Toda, Hiroki Tanaka, Shizuo Akira, Yuki Tanaka, Masaaki Murakami
Summary: RAP99-LPS, an extract of Rhodobacter azotoformans, acts as a TLR4 agonist to enhance immune system activation, promoting anti-viral and anti-tumor activity in vivo.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Medical Laboratory Technology
Michael R. Miller, Stephen R. Koch, Hyehun Choi, Fred S. Lamb, Ryan J. Stark
Summary: This study found that ASK1 expression increased in sepsis and after LPS challenge, with ASK1 inhibitors reducing cytokine production but not affecting permeability. Physical interaction between eNOS and ASK1 was observed, and ASK1 inhibition mainly impaired JNK activation, affecting cytokine production.
TRANSLATIONAL RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Raissa Volpatto Marques, Stefania Enza Sestito, Frederic Bourgaud, Sissi Miguel, Frederic Cailotto, Pascal Reboul, Jean-Yves Jouzeau, Sophie Rahuel-Clermont, Sandrine Boschi-Muller, Henrik Toft Simonsen, David Moulin
Summary: The study found that the biologically active extracts of Dicranum majus and Thuidium delicatulum exhibited significant anti-inflammatory effects, potentially serving as a perspective for developing innovative therapeutic agents.
Article
Microbiology
Kasturi Chandra, Atish Roy Chowdhury, Ritika Chatterjee, Dipshikha Chakravortty
Summary: This study reveals the important role of chitinase in Salmonella pathogenesis. It promotes intestinal epithelium remodeling and host system access. In phagocytes, chitinase-mediated upregulation of nitric oxide inhibits MHC-I bound antigen presentation and CD8(+) T cell proliferation. The absence of chitinase impairs bacterial adhesion and colonization. In the murine host, chitinase prevents immune activation and antimicrobial responses. In C. elegans, Salmonella chitinase promotes bacterial attachment to the intestinal epithelium and enhances pathogen colonization and persistence.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Reshma Ramakrishnan, Ashish Kumar Singh, Simran Singh, Dipshikha Chakravortty, Debasis Das
Summary: Pathogenic microbes' resistance to drugs is a major concern for humanity. Microorganisms like bacteria and fungi have defense mechanisms, including biofilm formation, against drugs and the host immune system. Biofilms, which are made up of extracellular polymeric substances, contribute to 80% of chronic bacterial infections. Biofilms can increase the dosage of certain antibiotics needed to combat infection up to 1000-fold. Therefore, there is an urgent need for effective strategies to eliminate biofilms. This review discusses current strategies and challenges in combating biofilms and highlights the potential of enzymes, particularly polysaccharide degrading enzymes, in dispersing biofilms for antimicrobial treatment of biofilm-associated infections.
JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Atish Roy Chowdhury, Shivjee Sah, Umesh Varshney, Dipshikha Chakravortty
Summary: Bacterial porin OmpA plays a crucial role in the intracellular virulence of Salmonella and protects the bacteria from nitrosative stress in host macrophages.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Atish Roy Chowdhury, Debapriya Mukherjee, Ashish Kumar Singh, Dipshikha Chakravortty
Summary: This study aims to investigate the role of four prominent outer membrane porins of S. Typhimurium, namely OmpA, OmpC, OmpD, and OmpF, in developing resistance against ceftazidime and meropenem. The results show that OmpA protects S. Typhimurium from two broad-spectrum beta-lactam antibiotics by maintaining the stability of the outer membrane.
JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL CHEMOTHERAPY
(2022)
Article
Physics, Applied
N. Punith, Ashish K. Singh, J. Ananthanarasimhan, Bhavadharini Boopathy, Ritika Chatterjee, M. Hemanth, Dipshikha Chakravortty, Lakshminarayana Rao
Summary: This study demonstrates the successful generation of neutral pH high-strength plasma-activated water through pin to water discharge, which exhibits excellent bactericidal activity against hypervirulent multidrug resistance pathogens.
PLASMA PROCESSES AND POLYMERS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Abdur Rasheed, Omkar Hegde, Ritika Chatterjee, Srinivas Rao Sampathirao, Dipshikha Chakravortty, Saptarshi Basu
Summary: In naturally evaporating droplets, bacteria self-assemble into unique patterns based on their spatial location, resulting in varying physical forces and affecting their viability and infectivity. Self-assembly favors bacteria at the edge of the droplet, which has significant implications for understanding bacterial infection through droplets.
JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Dipasree Hajra, Abhilash Vijay Nair, Atish Roy Chowdhury, Soumyadeep Mukherjee, Ritika Chatterjee, Dipshikha Chakravortty
Summary: This study reveals a novel role of U32 peptidase YdcP in Salmonella Typhimurium by protecting the bacteria from oxidative stress. The knockout of YdcP leads to attenuated intracellular proliferation of Salmonella and increased susceptibility to in vitro oxidative stress.
MICROBIAL PATHOGENESIS
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jayantika Bhowmick, Manish Nag, Pritha Ghosh, Raju S. Rajmani, Ritika Chatterjee, Kapudeep Karmakar, Kasturi Chandra, Jayanta Chatterjee, Dipshikha Chakravortty, Raghavan Varadarajan
Summary: This study tests the effect of a 24-mer peptide derived from CcdB (CP1-WT) on bacterial growth in Escherichia coli, Salmonella Typhimurium, Staphylococcus aureus, and a carbapenem- and tigecycline-resistant strain of Acinetobacter baumannii. The CP1-WT peptide shows significant improvement over ciprofloxacin in treating established infections of S. Typhimurium, S. aureus, and A. baumannii. The study validates the CcdB binding site on bacterial DNA Gyrase as a viable alternative target to the fluoroquinolone binding site.
Article
Immunology
Ritika Chatterjee, Debalina Chaudhuri, Subba Rao Gangi Setty, Dipshikha Chakravortty
Summary: Salmonella is a stealthy intracellular pathogen that evades host immune responses and establishes a replicative niche in hostile environments like macrophages. It escapes autophagy by inhibiting the fusion of Salmonella-containing vacuoles with lysosomes/autophagosomes and downregulates lysosomal biogenesis, facilitating its survival in macrophages and systemic dissemination.
MICROBES AND INFECTION
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Ritika Chatterjee, Abhilash Vijay Nair, Anmol Singh, Nishi Mehta, Subba Rao Gangi Setty, Dipshikha Chakravortty
Summary: Intracellular membrane fusion is mediated by SNARE complexes. Salmonella modulates host SNARE machinery to escape lysosomal fusion and maintain its division in the Salmonella-containing vacuole (SCV). Syntaxin 3 (STX3) is critical for bacterial proliferation and fusion of SCV with intracellular vesicles. The interaction of STX3 with SCV is impaired in SPI-2 encoded T3SS mutant. These findings highlight the importance of SPI-2 encoded effectors in the interaction with host SNAREs for Salmonella pathogenesis.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Vishnu Hariharan, Atish Roy Chowdhury, S. Srinivas Rao, Dipshikha Chakravortty, Saptarshi Basu
Summary: This study reveals the impact of bacteria-laden droplets on solid surfaces and subsequent desiccation on the virulence of Salmonella typhimurium. The research explores the deformation, cell-cell interactions, adhesion energy, and roughness in bacteria induced by impact velocity and low moisture. The findings show that mechanical stress induced by impact velocity decreases the in vitro viability of Salmonella while promoting bacterial proliferation in macrophages. The role of phoP in sensing mechanical stress and maintaining the virulence of Salmonella is also highlighted.
Article
Microbiology
Kasturi Chandra, Abhilash Vijay Nair, Ritika Chatterjee, Prerana Muralidhara, Anmol Singh, Sathisha Kamanna, Utpal S. Tatu, Dipshikha Chakravortty
Summary: Salmonella is a widespread Gram negative bacteria that causes a significant proportion of global diarrheal morbidity and mortality. It can cause typhoid fever and gastroenteritis by entering the host gut through contaminated food and water. Salmonella's biofilm lifestyle allows it to resist antibiotics and persist in the host, and inhibiting biofilm initiation is challenging.
MICROBIOLOGICAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Ritika Chatterjee, Atish Roy Chowdhury, Debapriya Mukherjee, Dipshikha Chakravortty
Summary: Salmonella Typhi is a serious threat to global health, causing typhoid fever in humans and resulting in high morbidity and mortality in developing countries. It can be transmitted to healthy individuals through contaminated food and water. This Review focuses on a comparative analysis of the virulence and pathogenesis of typhoidal and nontyphoidal serovars of Salmonella enterica.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Siddhant Jain, Anmol Singh, Nivedita Tiwari, Aparna Naik, Ritika Chatterjee, Dipshikha Chakravortty, Saptarshi Basu
Summary: This study experimentally investigates the effects of stress generated by flowing fluid on bacterial morphology and virulence. The results show that increased stress conditions lead to significant changes in bacterial structure and decreased viability. Importantly, stressed bacteria proliferate faster inside macrophages. These findings shed light on the complex relationship between flow stresses and bacterial pathogenicity.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Sukriyo Chakraborty, Ritika Chatterjee, Dipshikha Chakravortty
Summary: Antimicrobial peptides, or host defense peptides, show promise as therapeutic candidates for combating infections, but their clinical trials have been hindered by toxicity and hemolytic activity. Rational peptide engineering based on evolutionary principles and activity determinants offers new avenues for developing peptides targeted at specific microbes.
COMPUTATIONAL AND STRUCTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Binbin Chang, Zhang Wang, Hui Cheng, Tingyuan Xu, Jieyu Chen, Wan Wu, Yizhi Li, Yong Zhang
Summary: Acacetin can attenuate sepsis-induced ALI by inhibiting the inflammatory response and promoting macrophage polarization. This study is of great significance for the development of new treatments for sepsis-induced ALI.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Nikoleta Bizymi, Andreas M. Matthaiou, Irene Mavroudi, Aristea Batsali, Helen A. Papadaki
Summary: Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are innate immune cells that have immunomodulatory properties. They interact extensively with other innate or adaptive immune cells and can either enhance or attenuate immune responses depending on the triggering conditions. However, their positive role in host defense mechanisms is rarely discussed in the literature.