Article
Environmental Studies
Daniel Kudla
Summary: This paper explores the research on Business Improvement Districts (BIDs) in urban revitalization and social regulation, emphasizing their role in neoliberal urban policies and social control, and summarizes the main issues in current research and directions for future studies.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Dennis E. Reidy, Charlie Huntington, Herschel W. Smith, Katherine W. Bogen, Lianne F. Estefan, Lindsay M. Orchowski
Summary: Despite decreasing rates of violent crime over the past few decades, it remains a pervasive public health issue. This research aims to identify community-level risk and protective factors for violent crime. The study found associations between the number of transit stations and various forms of sexual violence, as well as associations between gun dealers and specific types of violent crimes.
PREVENTIVE MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Environmental Studies
Susanna F. Schaller, Aaron Howe, Coy McKinney, Sarah Shoenfeld
Summary: Business improvement districts are a visible urban governance instrument that significantly changes urban landscapes. In the United States, the racial impacts of these districts need to be examined. By discussing Washington, DC as a city deeply affected by racist planning histories, it is shown how business improvement districts, as part of a wider entrepreneurial regime, have driven gentrification throughout the entire city since the late 1990s. By focusing on the intersection of redevelopment and creative placemaking, the contradictions within this business improvement district urbanism are made clear, highlighting how it has revalorized urban space while erasing working class places and the Black cultural, political, and economic space in DC.
Article
Mathematics, Applied
Nuno Crokidakis
Summary: The study proposes a simple mathematical model to describe the evolution of violent crimes. It finds that, in addition to the impact of illegal guns, an increase in legal guns also leads to a rapid increase in violent crimes, indicating that civilian access to firearms is not a good option for crime control.
APPLIED MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTATION
(2022)
Article
Economics
Marcelo Castro, Cesar Tirso
Summary: This research evaluates the impact of the criminal majority law and finds that there is an increase in murders among young men after the age of criminal responsibility. Contrary to expectations, the study suggests that changes in lifestyle and worsening socioeconomic conditions might offset the deterrent effect of punishment. Additionally, the study estimates the effects of lowering the age of criminal responsibility and concludes that it would only target a small share of criminals.
EMPIRICAL ECONOMICS
(2023)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
A. M. da Silva Filho, G. F. Zebende, E. F. Guedes
Summary: This paper analyzes the fluctuations in intentional lethal violent crime rates in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil from 2012 to 2018. The study found that the series of DFA exponents fluctuated between persistent, antipersistent, and out of memory depending on the window and period used. Descriptive analysis identified a decrease in average crime rates since 2013 and revealed different behavioral patterns at various moments.
PHYSICA A-STATISTICAL MECHANICS AND ITS APPLICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Diogo Gaspar Silva, Herculano Cachinho
Summary: This paper examines the evolution of placemaking activities by former UK government-funded pilot BIDs over the past 15 years, revealing a non-hierarchical operational framework emphasizing the importance of basic placemaking services, high-tier lobbying services, and the rise of digital presence and marketing services.
Review
Environmental Studies
Pedro Guimaraes
Summary: Business improvement districts (BIDs) have become a significant topic of discourse in academia and urban planning, with their importance as both an urban planning practice and object of study continually growing. The literature on BIDs reveals their contradictory nature, ranging from economic revitalization of city centers to potential exclusionary practices. Additionally, analysis highlights the crucial role of various actors in policy transfer and implementation processes.
Article
Economics
Sven-Olov Daunfeldt, Oana Mihaescu, Niklas Rudholm
Summary: Business improvement districts (BIDs) have emerged as possible solutions for declining urban areas. A study in five small to medium-sized Swedish towns found that a voluntary BID programme increased labour productivity for incumbent firms within the BID by about 7%, mainly through an increase in revenues. However, the positive effect on firm performance decreased sharply during the third year after implementation and became insignificant. The impact on urban safety and property values was mostly insignificant.
Article
Criminology & Penology
Michael Welner, Kate Y. O'Malley, James Gonidakis, Samantha Blair
Summary: This paper presents an evidence-based approach, called the Depravity Standard, to distinguish the worst of violent crimes. By utilizing 25 items and analyzing case files and participant responses, a scoring system for measuring the depravity in violent cases was developed. The Depravity Standard can be seamlessly applied to identify the most severe violent crimes and provide support for cases that may deserve leniency or early-release.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OFFENDER THERAPY AND COMPARATIVE CRIMINOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Cyril O. Ugwuoke, Benjamin Okorie Ajah, Linus Akor, Sunday Ojonugwa Ameh, Cletus A. Lanshima, Elias C. Ngwu, Ugomma Ann Eze, Michael Nwokedi
Summary: This paper examines the vulnerability of travelers to crimes such as kidnapping, abduction, armed robbery, and even death on Nigeria's highways. The increasing insecurity on Nigerian highways has become a major concern, with criminals terrorizing and traumatizing travelers at will. The study indicates that the high rate of abduction and murder has resulted in a sense of helplessness, trauma, and vulnerability among Nigerian road travelers. The paper recommends the decentralization of the Nigeria Police Force structure to address the issue effectively and create a safer environment on the highways.
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Ting Bu, Rui Fan, Bin Zheng, Kexin Sun, Yibing Zhou
Summary: This study investigates the multiple-source 5GDHC in a hot-summer and cold-winter zone in a business district through modelica simulation. The design and operation strategies of 5GDHC are studied based on analysis and forecasting of district loads. The study finds that adopting a strategy of continuous operation of the ground heat exchanger, nighttime operation of the surface-water coil, and supplemental cooling of the cooling tower when needed can result in a 16.6% reduction in CO2 emissions for the business district's 5GDHC.
ENERGY AND BUILDINGS
(2023)
Article
Environmental Studies
Chiara Valli, Feras Hammami
Summary: The study critically evaluates the sustainability of the BID model in urban regeneration in Sweden, revealing shortcomings in terms of democratic participation and representation, disciplining and sanitizing strategies, as well as gentrification risks.
EUROPEAN URBAN AND REGIONAL STUDIES
(2021)
Article
Substance Abuse
Guangzhen Wu, Yongtao Li, Xiaodong Eric Lang
Summary: This study examines the impact of recreational marijuana legalization on violent crime clearance rates in Oregon. The findings suggest a beneficial effect of legalization on the clearance rates, although the positive effect diminishes over time.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DRUG POLICY
(2022)
Article
Development Studies
Saulo de Oliveira Folharini, Silas Nogueira de Melo, Stephen R. Cameron
Summary: The study found a positive and significant relationship between protected areas and forest crimes, likely due to increased crime opportunities, enhanced environmental monitoring and enforcement, and reduced legally exploitable forest areas. Protected areas, as well as education levels, have a significant impact on forest crimes.
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT
(2022)
Article
Substance Abuse
Johnathan K. Zhao, Alex H. Kral, Lynn D. Wenger, Ricky N. Bluthenthal
SUBSTANCE USE & MISUSE
(2020)
Article
Substance Abuse
Rebecca Hamilton White, Allison O'Rourke, Ricky N. Bluthenthal, Alex H. Kral, Michael E. Kilkenny, Tim D. Hazelett, Susan G. Sherman, Sean T. Allen
SUBSTANCE USE & MISUSE
(2020)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Peter Mendel, Harold D. Green, Kartika Palar, David E. Kanouse, Ricky N. Bluthenthal, Michael A. Mata, Clyde W. Oden, Kathryn P. Derose
SOCIAL SCIENCE & MEDICINE
(2020)
Article
Substance Abuse
Kelsey A. Simpson, Alex H. Kral, Jesse L. Goldshear, Lynn Wenger, Carol S. Strike, Ricky N. Bluthenthal
DRUG AND ALCOHOL DEPENDENCE
(2020)
Article
Substance Abuse
Ricky N. Bluthenthal, Kelsey Simpson, Rachel Carmen Ceasar, Johnathan Zhao, Lynn Wenger, Alex H. Kral
DRUG AND ALCOHOL DEPENDENCE
(2020)
Article
Substance Abuse
Suzan M. Walters, Alex H. Kral, Kelsey A. Simpson, Lynn Wenger, Ricky N. Bluthenthal
SUBSTANCE USE & MISUSE
(2020)
Article
Substance Abuse
Jesse L. Goldshear, Kelsey A. Simpson, Alex H. Kral, Lynn D. Wenger, Ricky N. Bluthenthal
Summary: The study suggests a correlation between secondary blood exposures after injection episodes and the physical and social micro-environments of drug users, especially those with HCV infection. This emphasizes the need for increased HCV testing at harm reduction sites and the supply of first aid and wound-care materials to prevent potential blood exposures.
SUBSTANCE USE & MISUSE
(2021)
Article
Substance Abuse
Johnathan Zhao, Alex H. Kral, Kelsey A. Simpson, Rachel Carmen Ceasar, Lynn D. Wenger, Matt Kirkpatrick, Ricky N. Bluthenthal
Summary: The study found that MA withdrawal symptoms are common among people who inject drugs and are associated with factors such as frequency of drug use and syringe sharing. The results suggest the need for strategies to implement treatment and service programs targeting individuals who inject MA.
DRUG AND ALCOHOL DEPENDENCE
(2021)
Article
Substance Abuse
Alex H. Kral, Barrot H. Lambdin, Erica N. Browne, Lynn D. Wenger, Ricky N. Bluthenthal, Jon E. Zibbell, Peter J. Davidson
Summary: Between 2018 and 2020, there was a notable shift among PWID in San Francisco from injecting black tar heroin to smoking fentanyl, resulting in a significant decrease in injection frequency and opioid injection rate. The number of days smoking fentanyl was associated with fewer injections. Qualitative interviews revealed that PWID switched to smoking fentanyl due to difficulties accessing veins and experienced benefits such as improved health and reduced stigma.
DRUG AND ALCOHOL DEPENDENCE
(2021)
Article
Substance Abuse
Kelsey A. Simpson, Hrant Gevorgian, Alex H. Kral, Lynn Wenger, Philippe Bourgois, Ricky N. Bluthenthal
Summary: California's Welfare and Institutions code 5150 allows for temporary psychiatric holds of individuals who present a danger to themselves or others. A study conducted in Los Angeles and San Francisco identified predictors of recent temporary psychiatric holds among people who inject drugs, showing associations with age, homelessness, mental health history, and types of drug use. The study highlights the need for further research on individuals with co-occurring substance-use and mental illness disorders and homelessness.
DRUG AND ALCOHOL DEPENDENCE
(2021)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Benjamin F. Henwood, Randall Kuhn, Howard Padwa, Roya Ijadi-Maghsoodi, Gisele Corletto, Alex Lawton, Jessie Chien, Ricky Bluthenthal, Michael R. Cousineau, Melissa Chinchilla, Bikki Tran Smith, Katherine Vickery, Taylor Harris, Maria Patanwala, Whitney Akabike, Lillian Gelberg
Summary: This study describes two approaches to implementing permanent supportive housing (PSH) and examines their effects on patient-centered quality of life, healthcare use, and health behaviors that reduce COVID-19 risk. The recruitment process was challenging due to COVID-19 and other delays, but the study has made progress.
JMIR RESEARCH PROTOCOLS
(2023)
Editorial Material
Substance Abuse
Jeremy Levenson, Lauren Textor, Ricky Bluthenthal, Anna Darby, Rafik Wahbi, Mark-Anthony Clayton-Johnson
Summary: Care based on harm reduction principles and movements against police and prison abolition have the potential to address the root causes of harm and violence in drug-related crises, policing, and punishment. The interconnectedness of the United States' overdose crisis, drug-related harm, policing, and punishment highlights the need for both harm reduction and abolition movements to transform the system and prevent premature suffering and death.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DRUG POLICY
(2023)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Derek T. Dangerfield, Janeane N. Anderson, Charleen Wylie, Renata Arrington-Sanders, Ricky N. Bluthenthal, Christopher Beyrer, Jason E. Farley
Summary: Black sexual minority men have dissonant attitudes regarding the use of PrEP, mobile apps, and peer change agents to increase awareness of HIV risk and PrEP initiation.
JMIR FORMATIVE RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Substance Abuse
Brittnie E. Bloom, Sonia Jain, Xiaoying Sun, Richard S. Garfein, Steffanie A. Strathdee, M-J Milloy, Kanna Hayashi, Kora Debeck, Ricky Bluthenthal, Dan Werb, Claudia Rafful
Summary: Relationship with past initiates and frequency of injection drug use may increase PWID's self-perception of assisting with future IDU. Interventions focused on social support and reducing IDU frequency could decrease instances of IDU initiation assistance.
DRUG AND ALCOHOL REVIEW
(2021)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Jessica Tobin, JoAnna Hardy, Maria Lou Calanche, Karina Dominguez Gonzalez, Lourdes Baezconde-Garbanati, Robert Contreras, Ricky N. Bluthenthal
Summary: This study evaluated the feasibility of a pilot bilingual mindfulness-based meditation intervention among Latino adolescents and their parents in Los Angeles, finding that most participants found the program convenient, enjoyable, and beneficial.
JOURNAL OF IMMIGRANT AND MINORITY HEALTH
(2021)