Determination of the complex index of refractory metals at high temperatures: Application to the determination of thermo-optical properties

This paper outlines a measurement method of the complex index n(r)-j chi in the wavelengths field from ultraviolet (0.3 mu m) to infrared (15 mu m); The two components of the complex index are determined with error values 8% for n(r) and 5% for chi, both errors being linked. Spectra of n(r) and X are presented for tantalum and molybdenum at various temperatures. These spectra show that the X point for refractory metals could be uniquely due to the variations of n(r). We could then derive directly the two optical factors that are the emissivity epsilon and the reflectivity rho. Using the spectra for indexes n(r)(lambda) and chi(lambda), and applying the theory of DRUDE, we obtained the plasma frequency omega(p), the relaxation frequency omega(tau) as a function of temperature and wavelength and the effective optical mass. These three fundamental parameters enable us not only to model the radiation of a metal in the infrared but also to determine properties such as electrical conductivity gamma and thermal conductivity kappa. The temperature of the sample was measured using an original method developed in the laboratory: the ultraviolet photons counting pyrometry. Thanks to this method, we can minimize the error due to the poor knowledge of the emissivity value. The precision is in the order of 10 K around 2000 K. (c) 2007 Published by Elsevier B.V.