Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Takahiro Uchida, Shuhji Seki, Takashi Oda
Summary: Natural killer T (NKT) cells and NK cells have important roles in antitumor and antimicrobial functions. They are involved in various renal diseases, including acute kidney injury (AKI). NKT cells in mice are activated by specific ligands, cytokines, and bacterial components, leading to AKI. Both renal vascular endothelial cell injury (via perforin-mediated pathway) and tubular epithelial cell injury (via tumor necrosis factor-alpha/Fas ligand pathway) are independently involved in the pathogenesis of AKI. NK cells complement the functions of NKT cells in the development of infection-associated AKI. Human CD56(+) T cells, which are functional counterparts of murine NKT cells, and a subpopulation of CD56(+) NK cells damage intrinsic renal cells in vitro upon activation, possibly through mechanisms similar to those in mice. These cells are also thought to be involved in the acute exacerbation of pre-existing glomerulonephritis triggered by infection in humans, and their roles in sepsis-associated AKI are currently under investigation. In this review, we provide an overview of recent advances in the understanding of the association among infections, NKT and NK cells, and kidney injury, which is much more profound than previously considered. The important role of liver macrophages in the activation of NKT cells is also introduced.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Julia D. Vavilova, Maria O. Ustiuzhanina, Anna A. Boyko, Maria A. Streltsova, Sofya A. Kust, Leonid M. Kanevskiy, Rustam N. Iskhakov, Alexander M. Sapozhnikov, Ekaterina O. Gubernatorova, Marina S. Drutskaya, Mikhail V. Bychinin, Oksana N. Novikova, Anna G. Sotnikova, Gaukhar M. Yusubalieva, Vladimir P. Baklaushev, Elena I. Kovalenko
Summary: The activation and differentiation of NKT-like cells and CD56(-) T cells in COVID-19 patients were analyzed. Severe COVID-19 was associated with a decrease in CD8(+) T cells and a shift towards more differentiated cytotoxic CD8(+) T cells. COVID-19 progression was indicated by decreased percentages of NKG2D(+) and NKG2A(+) cells and increased PD-1 and HLA-DR expression levels in both CD56(-) and CD56(+) T cells.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Ratna S. Wijaya, Scott A. Read, Stephen Schibeci, Shuanglin Han, Mahmoud K. Azardaryany, David van der Poorten, Rita Lin, Lawrence Yuen, Vincent Lam, Mark W. Douglas, Jacob George, Golo Ahlenstiel
Summary: This study investigated the phenotype and function of CD56- NK cells in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB). CHB patients had a higher frequency of CD56- NK cells, which exhibited functional impairments and were positively correlated with serum HBV DNA levels.
LIVER INTERNATIONAL
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Evelin A. Leibinger, Gabor Pauler, Noemi Benedek, Timea Berki, Istvan Jankovics, Richard McNally, Gabor Ottoffy
Summary: The study found that normal CD4+ lymphocyte levels within age-specific ranges are associated with better antibody response to certain influenza strains post-vaccination. Patients with CD3+CD56+ (NKT-like) cells above predicted values based on age also showed significant associations with antibody response against all three influenza strains investigated. Additionally, having an absolute lymphocyte count above 1000/mu l was positively correlated with antibody response to certain strains post-vaccination.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Addi J. Romero-Olmedo, Axel R. Schulz, Magdalena Huber, Corinna U. Brehm, Hyun-Dong Chang, Cristina M. Chiarolla, Tobias Bopp, Chrysanthi Skevaki, Friederike Berberich-Siebelt, Andreas Radbruch, Henrik E. Mei, Michael Lohoff
Summary: This study deep phenotypic profiling of CD3(+)CD56(+) cells in both normal individuals and those sensitized to allergens, revealing co-regulation of multiple CD3(+)CD56(+) cell subsets in allergic individuals and a previously underestimated heterogeneity among these cells. Furthermore, using FlowSOM, a variety of CD56(+) T-cell phenotypes were distinguished, highlighting a complexity in these cells that was not fully recognized before. This research sheds light on specific cell populations to target during therapy for allergic conditions.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Songbo Zhao, Jiazhi Duan, Yalin Lou, Ruyun Gao, Shanshan Yang, Piming Wang, Chunhua Wang, Lin Han, Minghuan Li, Chunhong Ma, Xiaohong Liang, Hong Liu, Yuanhua Sang, Lifen Gao
Summary: A novel immunotherapy approach utilizing NK cells conjugated with magnetic nanoparticles has been developed for treating solid tumors, demonstrating improved tumor targeting and inhibition capabilities through magnetic field guidance.
Article
Immunology
Nordin D. Zandhuis, Benoit P. Nicolet, Monika C. Wolkers
Summary: The study focused on the expression of RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) in human B cells and T cells, revealing distinct patterns between cell types and differentiation states. Different classes of RBPs play specific roles in lymphocyte differentiation, shedding light on the function of RBPs in lymphocytes.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Oncology
Marta Gascon-Ruiz, Ariel Ramirez-Labrada, Rodrigo Lastra, Luis Martinez-Lostao, J. Ramon Pano-Pardo, Andrea Sesma, Maria Zapata-Garcia, Alba Moratiel, Elisa Quilez, Irene Torres-Ramon, Alfonso Yubero, Maria Pilar Domingo, Patricia Esteban, Eva M. Galvez, Julian Pardo, Dolores Isla
Summary: Despite the effectiveness of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in lung cancer, there is a lack of knowledge about predictive biomarkers. This study aimed to analyze different subsets of T-lymphocytes and natural killer (NK) cells as predictive biomarkers in a cohort of patients with nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with ICI. The results showed that a subset of circulating CD56+CD16-PD-1+ NK cells have a good predictive ability, providing valuable information for precision medicine protocols.
Article
Immunology
Fatima A. H. Al-Jaberi, Martin Kongsbak-Wismann, Alejandro Aguayo-Orozco, Nicolai Krogh, Terkild B. Buus, Daniel V. Lopez, Anna K. O. Rode, Eva Gravesen, Klaus Olgaard, Soren Brunak, Anders Woetmann, Niels odum, Charlotte M. Bonefeld, Carsten Geisler
Summary: This study reveals the impact of a point mutation in the DNA-binding domain of VDR on 1,25(OH)(2)D-3 signaling, with effects on VDR subcellular localization and transcriptional activity. The study also demonstrates that the expression level of wild-type VDR determines the responsiveness of T cells to 1,25(OH)(2)D-3. Additionally, the study shows that vitamin A inhibits the translocation of VDR to the nucleus and upregulation of CYP24A1 induced by 1,25(OH)(2)D-3.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Jasper Norenberg, Pal Jakso, Aliz Barakonyi
Summary: The study showed that during pregnancy, the proportion of CD56+ gamma delta T cells increases while maintaining potential cytotoxicity, although the cytotoxic strength is reduced, and PD-1 expression increases. Highly cytotoxic CD56+ gamma delta T cells tend to express PD-1, which may allow the inhibition of these cells after binding its ligand in the placenta.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Allergy
Robert Ose, Benno Weigmann, Detlef Schuppan, Ari Waisman, Joachim Saloga, Iris Bellinghausen
Summary: CD56(+)CD3(+) iNKT cells promote allergen-specific gut and lung inflammation in PBMC-engrafted humanized mice, opening up new possibilities for therapeutic intervention in allergic diseases.
JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Taru S. Dutt, Stephanie M. LaVergne, Tracy L. Webb, Bridget A. Baxter, Sophia Stromberg, Kim McFann, Kailey Berry, Madison Tipton, Omar Alnachoukati, Linda Zier, Greg Ebel, Julie Dunn, Marcela Henao-Tamayo, Elizabeth P. Ryan
Summary: Immune response dysregulation plays a key role in the pathogenesis of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The study evaluated immune and endothelial blood cell profiles of COVID-19 patients, revealing depletion of T cell subsets and an increase in CD56(+) monocytes in severe cases. Age, obesity, and hypertension were found to synergistically impact immune markers and disease severity in SARS-CoV-2 infection.
JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Balazs Sonkodi, Eva Pallinger, Tamas Radovits, Emese Csulak, Kinga Shenker-Horvath, Bence Kopper, Edit Buzas, Nora Sydo, Bela Merkely
Summary: The purpose of this study was to investigate the immunophenotypical characterization, with a focus on natural killer cells, of junior swimmers from the Hungarian National Swim Team before and after intense exercise. The findings showed an increase in the percentage of CD3(-)/CD56(+) natural killer cells and CD3(-)/CD56(dim+) NK cells, as well as a decrease in the percentage of CD3(+) T cells among lymphocytes after exercise. Additionally, a link between delayed-onset muscle soreness and imbalanced control of CD3(+)/CD56(+) NKT-like cells among lymphocytes was demonstrated for the first time.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Svitlana Skoroplyas, Ondrej Vasicek, Michaela Chorvatova, Petra Dad'ova, Katerina Lehka, Lukas Kubala
Summary: Pseurotin D has the potential to inhibit DTH reaction through inhibiting the activation and differentiation of both T cells and B cells.
CHEMICO-BIOLOGICAL INTERACTIONS
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Carl-Philipp Hackstein, Paul Klenerman
Summary: T cells can recognize conventional or unconventional ligands and exhibit innate-like features and independent responses in an antigen-dependent or -independent manner. Unconventional T cells, such as MAIT cells, show innate-like features and respond independently of their T cell receptors (TCRs), while conventional T cells, such as T(MIC) cells, also exhibit innate-like behavior. The abilities to recognize antigens presented by unconventional antigen-presenting molecules or to mount TCR-independent responses create unique niches for these T cells.
CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Letter
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Salvatore Oliva, Danila Volpe, Giusy Russo, Silvio Veraldi, Paola Papoff, Carla Giordano, Cosimo Ruggiero, Chiara Maria Trovato, Gianluca Terrin, Danilo Rossetti
CLINICAL GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Cristina Carretero, Franck Carbonnel, Marc Ferrante, Torben Knudsen, Nancy Van Lent, Alan J. Lobo, Lucian Negreanu, Ana Vojvodic, Salvatore Oliva
Summary: This study used NGT to discuss the value of PCE for monitoring established CD from the physician's perspective. Experts perceived PCE to be beneficial for individualized treatment decision-making in CD patients, but identified the time required to read PCE results as a major utilization hurdle.
CURRENT MEDICAL RESEARCH AND OPINION
(2021)
Editorial Material
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Salvatore Oliva, Evan S. Dellon
DIGESTIVE AND LIVER DISEASE
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Chiara Maria Trovato, Monica Montuori, Nicoletta Pietropaoli, Salvatore Oliva
Summary: Based on current literature, it is hypothesized that COVID-19 may act as a potential trigger for celiac disease in predisposed patients. Genetically predisposed individuals could have a higher likelihood of developing celiac disease following SARS-CoV-2 infection, suggesting COVID-19 as a possible cause for a future outbreak of celiac disease.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PRACTICE
(2021)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Matjaz Homan, Bruno Hauser, Claudio Romano, Christos Tzivinikos, Filippo Torroni, Frederic Gottrand, Iva Hojsak, Luigi Dall'Oglio, Mike Thomson, Patrick Bontems, Priya Narula, Raoul Furlano, Salvatore Oliva, Jorge Amil-Dias
Summary: A multidisciplinary approach is essential for the best treatment of children with PEGs, with individualized indications for PEG insertion and consideration of all appropriate circumstances by a MDT. Timely enteral nutrition is crucial to treat faltering growth and avoid complications, with device choice and method of insertion dependent on local expertise and collaboration with the MDT and family. Major complications should be avoided through attention to good technique and experience of the operating team.
JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC GASTROENTEROLOGY AND NUTRITION
(2021)
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Giovanni Di Nardo, Cesare Cremon, Annamaria Staiano, Vincenzo Stanghellini, Osvaldo Borrelli, Caterina Strisciuglio, Claudio Romano, Saverio Mallardo, Elena Scarpato, Giovanni Marasco, Silvia Salvatore, Letizia Zenzeri, Enrico Felici, Licia Pensabene, Simona Sestito, Ruggiero Francavilla, Paolo Quitadamo, Mariella Baldassarre, Valentina Giorgio, Renato Tambucci, Chiara Ziparo, Pasquale Parisi, Maria Raffaella Barbaro, Giovanni Barbara
Summary: Functional gastrointestinal disorders, such as IBS, affect many children worldwide due to disturbed neuroimmune function. Low-grade inflammation and mucosal immune activation play a significant role in symptom generation among pediatric patients with IBS, potentially influencing new therapeutic strategies.
NEUROGASTROENTEROLOGY AND MOTILITY
(2023)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Guglielmo Salvatori, Domenico Umberto De Rose, Anna Claudia Massolo, Neil Patel, Irma Capolupo, Paola Giliberti, Melania Evangelisti, Pasquale Parisi, Alessandra Toscano, Andrea Dotta, Giovanni Di Nardo
Summary: Newborn infants with congenital heart disease face various nutritional challenges, leading to inadequate energy intake, sub-optimal growth, increased morbidity, and mortality. To optimize their nutrition and growth, standardized protocols, regular assessment, and multidisciplinary teamwork are essential.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Cristina Capuano, Chiara Pighi, Simone Battella, Fabio Pulcinelli, Cristina Santoro, Antonietta Ferretti, Ombretta Turriziani, Davide De Federicis, Cinzia Fionda, Giuseppe Sciume, Ricciarda Galandrini, Gabriella Palmieri
Summary: The in vivo establishment and long-term persistence of a heterogeneous memory or an adaptive NK cell pool play a functional adaptation role to human cytomegalovirus infection in humans. The FcεRIγ(-) NKG2C(+)CD57(+) memory NK cell subset, whose abundance is associated with anti-HCMV antibody levels, expands robustly and selectively in response to mAb-opsonized targets or ITP-derived platelets, demonstrating superior CD16-dependent IFNγ production. The lack of FcεRIγ chain contributes to the higher responsivity to CD16 engagement in NKG2C(+)CD57(+) memory cells.
Article
Biology
Vincenzo Raieli, Mariarita Capizzi, Antonio Marino, Giovanni Di Nardo, Umberto Raucci, Pasquale Parisi
Summary: Migraine is a complex neurologic disorder that affects multiple systems of the central nervous system. Keeping an aura diary can help in diagnosing and preventing under-diagnosis of rare migraine manifestations. Complex migraine manifestations require a thorough diagnostic work-up to exclude dangerous neurologic pathologies.
Article
Pediatrics
Paolo Quitadamo, Giusy Ranucci, Stefania Ragozzino, Sonia Tamasi, Marcella Giugliano, Giovanni Gaglione, Daniele De Brasi, Augusto Mastrominico, Giovanni Di Nardo
Summary: A young girl with autism spectrum disorder was admitted for acute abdominal pain and a giant bezoar filling the stomach was found. It was surgically removed.
JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC SURGERY CASE REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Giovanni Di Nardo, Enrico Felici, Letizia Zenzeri, Maurizio Mennini, Melania Evangelisti, Pasquale Parisi, Anna Claudia Massolo, Cesare Hassan, Marisa Piccirillo, Livia Lucchini, Silvia Furio, Giovanna Quatrale, Caterina Strisciuglio
Summary: This study aimed to assess the superiority of split-dose regimen of SPMC compared with SPMC day-before regimen for bowel cleansing before colonoscopy in children. The results showed that the rate of successful cleansing level was significantly higher in the split-dose group. The BBPS scores were significantly higher in the split-dose group for the whole colon, right colon, and transverse colon. Patient acceptability was better in the split-dose group and the percentage of children needing nasogastric tube placement was lower.
DIGESTIVE ENDOSCOPY
(2023)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Sabrina Cenni, Veronica Sesenna, Giulia Boiardi, Marianna Casertano, Giovanni Di Nardo, Susanna Esposito, Caterina Strisciuglio
Summary: The Mediterranean diet, rich in antioxidants and anti-inflammatory nutrients, has been recognized as one of the healthiest dietary patterns worldwide. Numerous studies have shown a strong correlation between the Mediterranean diet and chronic gastrointestinal diseases. This narrative review aims to analyze the effectiveness of the Mediterranean diet in preventing and managing these disorders, providing a useful overview.
Review
Pediatrics
Angela Mauro, Teresa Giani, Clelia Di Mari, Martina Sandini, Antonella Talenti, Valentina Ansuini, Luigi Biondi, Giovanni Di Nardo, Luca Bernardo
Summary: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a systemic autoimmune disorder. When it presents before the age of 18 years (childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus, cSLE), the disease course tends to be more severe with a higher rate of organ involvement and requires an early diagnosis. Gastrointestinal involvement in cSLE is rare and scarcely reported in the literature. This manuscript provides a narrative review of gastrointestinal manifestations in cSLE, focusing on hepatic, pancreatic, and intestinal involvement, based on a comprehensive literature search using the PubMed database.
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Alessandro Ferretti, Mattia Gatto, Margherita Velardi, Giovanni Di Nardo, Thomas Foiadelli, Gianluca Terrin, Manuela Cecili, Umberto Raucci, Massimiliano Valeriani, Pasquale Parisi
Summary: The relationship between migraines and allergies is still not well understood, although there is an epidemiological link between them. Genetic and biological factors contribute to both migraines and allergic disorders. The histaminergic system, particularly the H3 and H4 receptors, may play a role in the pathophysiology of both conditions. Antihistamine drugs could potentially be helpful in treating migraines and allergic disorders. Further research is needed to fully understand the mechanistic link between these two common and debilitating conditions.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Giulia D'Arcangelo, Giusy Russo, Marina Aloi, Cosimo Ruggiero, Francesca Maccioni, Cesare Hassan, Paola Papoff, Stanley Allen Cohen, Salvatore Oliva
Summary: It remains uncertain whether a treat-to-target approach could effectively improve outcomes in children with Crohn's disease. Results from a 104-week follow-up study showed that mucosal healing (MH) was maintained in 93% of patients who had MH at 52 weeks. The study also found that complete MH at 52 weeks was associated with reduced need for steroids, treatment escalation, hospitalization, and clinical relapses.
INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASES
(2023)