Article
Infectious Diseases
Mervat El-Sayed Mashaly, Nashwa M. Alkasaby, Asmaa Bakr, Maysaa El Sayed Zaki, Karim Montasser
Summary: The study found that the infection rate of HPeV in Egyptian children with AGE is 19%, with a high rate of co-infection with other enteric viruses. Children infected with HPeV alone had milder symptoms, with fever being the main presenting symptom.
BMC INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Virology
Deyu Huang, Zheng Wang, Fengjuan Zhang, Ting Wang, Guanyou Zhang, Lintao Sai
Summary: The study investigated the molecular and clinical epidemiological features of human astrovirus infections in children under 5 with acute gastroenteritis in Shandong province, China. Results showed that HAstV infections were detected in all age groups, with main symptoms including fever, abdominal pain, vomiting, and dehydration, and the most prevalent genotype was HAstV-1.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Virology
Emanuele Amodio, Simona De Grazia, Dario Genovese, Floriana Bonura, Chiara Filizzolo, Antonella Collura, Francesca Di Bernardo, Giovanni M. M. Giammanco
Summary: To study the viral agents and epidemiologic features of severe paediatric Viral Acute Gastroenteritis (VAGE), a study was conducted on paediatric patients hospitalized in a major Sicilian paediatric hospital from 2003 to 2013. The study found that rotavirus, norovirus, adenovirus, and astrovirus were the main viral agents causing VAGE, with different patterns in terms of age, seasonality, trend over time, and major diagnostic categories. This study provides valuable information for clinicians in identifying and treating VAGE in hospital settings.
Article
Microbiology
Hongyu Wei, Kattareeya Kumthip, Pattara Khamrin, Arpaporn Yodmeeklin, Nutthawadee Jampanil, Phitchakorn Phengma, Zhenfeng Xie, Nuthapong Ukarapol, Hiroshi Ushijima, Niwat Maneekarn
Summary: This study identified three novel recombinant strains of HAstV, which underwent intergenotype recombination at the ORF1a-ORF1b-ORF2 regions of the HAstV genome. The study also found that recombination hotspots in the HAstV genome frequently occur near the ORF1a-ORF1b and ORF1b-ORF2 junctions. These findings indicate that intergenotype recombination of HAstV occurs frequently in nature. The emergence of a novel recombinant strain allows the new virus to adapt and successfully escape from the host immune system, eventually becoming the predominant genotype infecting populations lacking herd immunity against novel recombinant strains. The virus may cause outbreaks and needs to be continuously monitored.
MICROBIOLOGY SPECTRUM
(2023)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Gianvito Lanave, Daniela Loconsole, Francesca Centrone, Cristiana Catella, Paolo Capozza, Georgia Diakoudi, Antonio Parisi, Elisabetta Suffredini, Alessio Buonavoglia, Michele Camero, Maria Chironna, Vito Martella
Summary: A VA1-like AstV was identified from an outbreak of foodborne acute gastroenteritis in Italy in 2018, with genome sequencing showing a relation to the UK1 strain. Similar viruses were also found in pediatric patients with acute gastroenteritis in 2018, although at a low prevalence. Gathering epidemiological data on atypical AstVs is important for assessing the risks posed by such infections in medically fragile patients.
TRANSBOUNDARY AND EMERGING DISEASES
(2022)
Review
Microbiology
Adedayo Ayodeji Lanrewaju, Abimbola Motunrayo Enitan-Folami, Saheed Sabiu, Joshua Nosa Edokpayi, Feroz Mahomed Swalaha
Summary: This review highlights the importance of enteric viruses in public health and the diseases associated with human exposure to these viruses. It also discusses the assessment of enteric viruses in contaminated water and their removal methods in water and wastewater sources. The regular viral monitoring of treated wastewater before discharge and the need for research on holistic disinfection methods without mutagenic and carcinogenic potential are emphasized.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Xin Luo, Jian-Kai Deng, Xiao-Ping Mu, Nan Yu, Xiaoyan Che
Summary: HAstV and SaV are common pathogens causing acute gastroenteritis in Guangzhou, China. The study found that HAstV is more likely to occur in winter while SaV is more common in early spring. Patients with HAstV infection tend to be older than those infected with other viruses.
BMC GASTROENTEROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Lijuan Lu, Huaqing Zhong, Menghua Xu, Ran Jia, Pengcheng Liu, Liyun Su, Lingfeng Cao, Xunhua Zhu, Jin Xu
Summary: This study provides valuable information on the diversity and epidemiology of classic and novel HAstV in children with acute gastroenteritis in Shanghai, contributing to the understanding of the molecular epidemiology of these viruses.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Pediatrics
Valentina Dapra, Paola Montanari, Marco Rassu, Cristina Calvi, Ilaria Galliano, Massimiliano Bergallo
Summary: This study investigates the occurrence of HCoSV and SAFV in pediatric patients with acute gastroenteritis in Turin, Italy. SAFV was detected in one case, which was also positive for Adenovirus, while HCoSV was not detected in any of the samples.
MINERVA PEDIATRICS
(2023)
Article
Virology
Ignacio Parron, Elsa Plasencia, Thais Cornejo-Sanchez, Mireia Jane, Cristina Perez, Conchita Izquierdo, Susana Guix, Angela Dominguez
Summary: This study investigated an outbreak of acute gastroenteritis caused by human astrovirus in a daycare center, identifying a higher attack rate among household contacts of affected attenders and asymptomatic infections among daycare attendees. The transmission of HAstV extended to household contacts of both affected and non-affected attenders during the outbreak.
Article
Immunology
Gillian A. M. Tarr, Emily Downey, Xiao-Li Pang, Ran Zhuo, Ali J. Strickland, Samina Ali, Bonita E. Lee, Linda Chui, Phillip Tarr, Stephen B. Freedman
Summary: This study described and compared the clinical course of acute gastroenteritis in children with astrovirus, sapovirus, and norovirus infections. It found that astrovirus infections had a higher prevalence and longer duration of diarrhea compared to norovirus infections. Sapovirus infections were more similar to norovirus infections, but had a longer duration of vomiting.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Claire P. Mattison, Molly Dunn, Mary E. Wikswo, Anita Kambhampati, Laura Calderwood, Neha Balachandran, Eleanor Burnett, Aron J. Hall
Summary: Between 2009 and 2018, numerous gastroenteritis outbreaks were reported to the US National Outbreak Reporting System, with the majority attributed to person-to-person transmission in long-term care facilities, daycares, and schools. Investigations of norovirus-negative outbreaks should include testing for adenovirus, astrovirus, rotavirus, and sapovirus.
EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Mohammad Farahmand, Pegah Khales, Zahra Salavatiha, Milad Sabaei, Malihe Hamidzade, Danesh Aminpanah, Ahmad Tavakoli
Summary: The aim of this study was to conduct a meta-analysis to determine the prevalence of human astrovirus (HAstV) infection in patients with gastroenteritis and to explore the connection between HAstV infection and gastroenteritis. The results showed that the overall pooled prevalence of HAstV infection among 302,423 gastroenteritis patients from 69 different countries was 3.48%. The study also found a positive association between HAstV infection and gastroenteritis.
MICROBIAL PATHOGENESIS
(2023)
Article
Virology
Preeti Chhabra, Hannah Browne, Thalia Huynh, Marta Diez-Valcarce, Leslie Barclay, Margaret N. Kosek, Tahmeed Ahmed, Maria Renee Lopez, Chao-Yang Pan, Jan Vinje
Summary: This study validated a one-step conventional RT-PCR assay for dual typing of GI and GII noroviruses, successfully genotyping most known genotypes infecting humans. The use of broadly reactive genotyping assays greatly enhances the exchange of standardized genotype data globally to monitor trends in genotype diversity, which is essential for vaccine development and impact measurement.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL VIROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Virology
Hai-Chang Yin, De-Cai Wan, Hong-Yan Chen
Summary: In this study, metagenomics sequencing was used to analyze fecal samples from six forest rodent species in Northeast China, revealing a diverse virome composition. The top 10 most abundant viral families included viruses closely related to known human or animal pathogens. Additionally, a novel strain of astrovirus was discovered.
Article
Virology
Emanuele Amodio, Simona De Grazia, Dario Genovese, Floriana Bonura, Chiara Filizzolo, Antonella Collura, Francesca Di Bernardo, Giovanni M. M. Giammanco
Summary: To study the viral agents and epidemiologic features of severe paediatric Viral Acute Gastroenteritis (VAGE), a study was conducted on paediatric patients hospitalized in a major Sicilian paediatric hospital from 2003 to 2013. The study found that rotavirus, norovirus, adenovirus, and astrovirus were the main viral agents causing VAGE, with different patterns in terms of age, seasonality, trend over time, and major diagnostic categories. This study provides valuable information for clinicians in identifying and treating VAGE in hospital settings.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Lorusso Patrizio, Bonerba Elisabetta, Pandiscia Annamaria, Bozzo Giancarlo, Piredda Roberta, Manfredi Alessio, Terio Valentina
Summary: This study assessed the presence of Hepatitis E virus (HEV) in liver samples and rectal swabs of slaughtered pigs in Sicily. The results showed that 17.5% of the liver samples and 3.7% of the rectal swabs tested positive for HEV. These findings indicate a potential transmission of HEV to humans through close contact with pig breeders, veterinarians, slaughterhouse personnel, and pork meat consumption. Further studies are needed to understand the spread of HEV in pigs and humans in Sicily.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Roberta Cardone, Alessio Buonavoglia, Gianvito Lanave, Violetta Iris Vasinioti, Valentina Mininni, Eleonora Lorusso, Nicola Decaro, Vito Martella, Gabriella Elia, Georgia Diakoudi
Summary: This study describes the spread of EqHV infection in a small stable of horses in southern Italy. Six out of thirteen horses were found to have EqHV RNA in their sera, and genetic analysis showed that the viruses were highly related to each other. This suggests that horizontal transmission occurred in the herd.
TRANSBOUNDARY AND EMERGING DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Edoardo Lillo, Francesco Pellegrini, Annalisa Rizzo, Gianvito Lanave, Claudia Zizzadoro, Vincenzo Cicirelli, Cristiana Catella, Michele Losurdo, Vito Martella, Maria Tempesta, Michele Camero
Summary: This study aimed to test the in vitro virucidal and antiviral activity of an ozone/oxygen (O-3/O-2) gaseous mixture against caprine herpesvirus type 1 (CpHV-1). The results showed that the gaseous mixture had a strong virucidal action on CpHV-1 and exhibited significant antiviral activity. These findings suggest that topical treatment with the ozone/oxygen mixture could be a potential therapeutic option for genital herpes infections.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Gianvito Lanave, Alessio Buonavoglia, Francesco Pellegrini, Barbara Di Martino, Federica Di Profio, Georgia Diakoudi, Cristiana Catella, Ahmed H. Omar, Violetta I. Vasinioti, Roberta Cardone, Giacinto Santo, Vito Martella, Michele Camero
Summary: Feline calicivirus (FCV) is a highly contagious and genetically variable viral pathogen in domestic cats, causing upper respiratory tract disease, oral ulcerations, salivation, and gingivitis-stomatitis. In this study, a small outbreak of FCV infection in two household cats was monitored, and the complete genome sequencing revealed multiple nucleotide mutations. The findings suggest that a respiratory-origin FCV strain transmitted between the animals and retained the limping disease pathotype.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Francesco Pellegrini, Alessio Buonavoglia, Ahmed H. Omar, Georgia Diakoudi, Maria S. Lucente, Amienwanlen E. Odigie, Alessio Sposato, Raffaella Augelli, Michele Camero, Nicola Decaro, Gabriella Elia, Krisztian Banyai, Vito Martella, Gianvito Lanave
Summary: Using the Nanopore platform, we determined the whole genome sequence of an H3N8 equine influenza virus, identified from a 2005 outbreak in Apulia, Italy. The virus was closely related (>99% at the nucleotide level) in all the genome segments to viruses identified in Poland in 2005-2008 and was an inter-lineage multi-reassortant between Florida 2 and Eurasian viruses.
Article
Immunology
Letizia Scola, Donatella Ferraro, Giuseppa Luisa Sanfilippo, Simona De Grazia, Domenico Lio, Giovanni Maurizio Giammanco
Summary: The introduction of anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in late 2020 has had a significant impact on the pandemic, providing effective protection in the population. However, there is individual variability in cellular response and neutralizing antibodies. This study investigated the influence of age, gender, and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of cytokine genes on the antibody response to the BNT162b2 vaccine.
Article
Microbiology
Carmelo Massimo Maida, Fabio Tramuto, Giovanni Maurizio Giammanco, Roberta Palermo, Walter Priano, Simona De Grazia, Giuseppa Purpari, Giuseppina La Rosa, Elisabetta Suffredini, Luca Lucentini, Mario Palermo, Walter Pollina Addario, Giorgio Graziano, Palmira Immordino, Francesco Vitale, Walter SARI Collaboration Grp, Walter Mazzucco
Summary: Wastewater-based epidemiology is a reliable method for real-time detection and monitoring of enteric pathogens and illegal drugs. In this study conducted in Sicily, a significant correlation was found between the load of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in wastewater and the reported prevalence of COVID-19 cases. The study also identified the impact of SARS-CoV-2 variants and subvariants on the increase in infections. The findings confirm the effectiveness of wastewater monitoring as a powerful tool for surveillance and tracking viral variant spread.
Review
Veterinary Sciences
Eniko Feher, Ferenc Jakab, Krisztian Banyai
Summary: In this review, the mechanisms by which circoviruses trigger their own replication and confound the hosts' immune response are summarized. These viruses significantly influence cellular signaling pathways during different stages of infection, interfering with interferon and proinflammatory cytokine producing and responsive pathways, as well as apoptotic processes, altered cellular transport, and constraint of the mitotic phase, all supporting viral replication. The cytokine imbalance and lymphocyte depletion favor invasion of super- or co-infecting agents, resulting in illnesses with increased severity. The information summarized in this review highlights the diversity of host and viral factors involved in the mechanisms of disease progression during circovirus infections.
VETERINARY QUARTERLY
(2023)
Article
Virology
Gianfranco La Bella, Maria Grazia Basanisi, Gaia Nobili, Rosa Coppola, Annita Maria Damato, Adelia Donatiello, Gilda Occhiochiuso, Antonella Cristina Romano, Mariateresa Toce, Lucia Palazzo, Francesco Pellegrini, Angela Fanelli, Barbara Di Martino, Elisabetta Suffredini, Gianvito Lanave, Vito Martella, Giovanna La Salandra
Summary: Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is widely circulating among wild boars in Southern Italy, with different subtypes identified. Understanding the circulating HEV strains in different geographical areas is crucial for tracking the origin of HEV outbreaks and evaluating the epidemiological role of wild boars as potential virus reservoirs.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Bence Gal, Renata Varga-Kugler, Katalin Ihasz, Eszter Kaszab, Szilvia Farkas, Szilvia Marton, Vito Martella, Krisztian Banyai
Summary: This study isolated and characterized turkey reoviruses from Hungary and compared them with strains from the United States. The results showed that certain genes of the virus are highly conserved, while others exhibit high genetic diversity. The study also suggested a common source of turkey reoviruses in Hungarian flocks, which is important for disease prevention.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Alessandro Benedetto, Kamil Stastny, Nunzia Giaccio, Marianna Marturella, Elena Biasibetti, Maddalena Arigoni, Raffaele Calogero, Marilena Gili, Marzia Pezzolato, Kristina Tosnerova, Nikola Hodkovicova, Martin Faldyna, Roberto Puleio, Giancarlo Bozzo, Elena Bozzetta
Summary: The illicit administration of testosterone and nandrolone esters in fattening pigs leads to significant coding RNA perturbations, which can be characterized by differentially expressed genes (DEGs). By analyzing liver samples using RNAseq, 491 DEGs were identified, and a smaller sub-cluster of 16 genes was selected for further study. The specificity of these transcriptional biomarkers was confirmed through a field survey using qPCR and comparing them with testosterone residue profiles.
Review
Infectious Diseases
Aya Attia Koraney Zarea, Maria Tempesta, Amienwanlen Eugene Odigie, Daniela Mrenoshki, Angela Fanelli, Vito Martella, Nicola Decaro, Grazia Greco
Summary: This comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the global impact of Bartonella species on pet health. The study found a global prevalence of 15.3% in cats and 3.6% in dogs. Factors such as age, lifestyle, and ectoparasite infestation were associated with higher Bartonella spp. prevalence in cats. Dogs were found to be infected by different subtypes of Bartonella species. The study provides valuable information for implementing preventive and control measures against Bartonella spp. in cat and dog populations.
TRANSBOUNDARY AND EMERGING DISEASES
(2023)
