Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Laura Tijerina-Rodriguez, Elvira Garza-Gonzalez, Adrian Martinez-Melendez, Rayo Morfin-Otero, Adrian Camacho-Ortiz, Esteban Gonzalez-Diaz, Hector Raul Perez-Gomez, Licet Villarreal-Trevino, Hector Maldonado-Garza, Sergio Esparza-Ahumada, Eduardo Rodriguez-Noriega
Summary: This study evaluated risk factors associated with severe-complicated and recurrent outcomes in different age groups of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) patients. Female gender and lymphoma were identified as risk factors for severe-complicated CDI, while mature adulthood, previous rifampicin use, and neoplasm were risk factors for recurrent infection. Autoimmune disorders, leukemia, lymphoma, and previous colistin treatment were found to be risk factors for 30-day mortality.
BIOMEDICAL JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Cecilia Magnusson, Sara Mernelius, Malin Bengner, Torbjorn Noren, Lena Serrander, Sophie Forshell, Andreas Matussek
Summary: This study describes a large nosocomial outbreak of Clostridioides difficile infections dominated by ribotype 046 in a Swedish hospital. The study found that ribotype 046 was effectively spread throughout the hospital and was associated with higher mortality compared to other strains. Various interventions were successfully implemented to control the outbreak.
EMERGING MICROBES & INFECTIONS
(2022)
Article
Surgery
Emmanuel Nwachuku, Yizhi Shan, Prabhu Senthil-Kumar, Todd Braun, Ryan Shadis, Orlando Kirton, Thai Q. Vu
Summary: This case series reports 9 surgical patients with CDI who did not experience diarrhea prior to diagnosis. While all patients tested positive for C. difficile toxin, some presented with minimal bowel movements or constipation instead. These findings highlight the importance of considering CDI as a potential diagnosis in patients with atypical gastrointestinal symptoms even in the absence of diarrhea.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SURGERY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Michael Y. Lin, Brian D. Stein, Sonya M. Kothadia, Samantha Blank, Michael E. Schoeny, Alexander Tomich, Mary K. Hayden, John Segreti
Summary: Inappropriate Clostridioides difficile testing is common in hospitals, resulting in potential overdiagnosis of infection. The potential role of infectious diseases specialists in enforcing appropriate testing is unclear. A retrospective study at an academic hospital found that mandatory approval from infectious diseases specialists led to a significant decrease in hospital-onset C. difficile infections.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Bilal Ahmed Abbasi, Aishwarya Dharan, Astha Mishra, Devansh Saraf, Irsad Ahamad, Prashanth Suravajhala, Jayaraman Valadi
Summary: In this study, the genomes of six strains of Clostridium difficile were annotated and characterized using in silico approaches. The functional properties of proteins involved in the pathophysiology of the disease were identified, providing valuable information for understanding the biological nature of the strains and developing pharmaceutical targets.
FRONTIERS IN GENETICS
(2022)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Su-Chen Lim, Deirdre A. Collins, Korakrit Imwattana, Daniel R. Knight, Sicilia Perumalsamy, Natasza M. R. Hain-Saunders, Papanin Putsathit, David Speers, Thomas Riley
Summary: The study found that Clostridium difficile infection is mainly imported from the community into hospitals rather than spreading within the healthcare system. These findings suggest that developing community-based infection prevention and control strategies could significantly lower rates of CDI in the hospital setting.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Cheng-Yu Lin, Hao-Tsai Cheng, Chia-Jung Kuo, Yun-Shien Lee, Chang-Mu Sung, Micah Keidan, Krishna Rao, John Y. Kao, Sen-Yung Hsieh
Summary: This study found that daily use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) was the only avoidable risk factor for death in patients with CDI. With longer duration of PPI use, the mortality rate was higher in CDI patients. Decreased relative abundance of Prevotella copri and Ruminococcus gnavus, and increased relative abundance of Parabacteroides merdae and Clostridioides difficile, in line with daily PPI use duration, were significantly associated with the death of CDI patients.
MICROBIOLOGY SPECTRUM
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Tsu Jung Yang, Achint A. Patel, Jassimran Singh, Vinay Jahagirdar, Dhanshree Solanki, Bharati Nikhare, Nishi Harwani, Ruchir Goswami, Hiteshkumar Devani, Prakash Maiyani, Dharmeshkumar Moradiya, Maheshkumar Desai, Salman Muddassir
Summary: This study aimed to identify hospitalization trends and outcomes of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) in the young population. The findings show that the proportion of young hospitalized patients with CDI has been steadily increasing over the past decade, suggesting changing epidemiological trends related to non-traditional risk factors.
CUREUS JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Aarzoo Gupta, F. N. U. Savanti, Balvender Singh, Priyanka Sachdev, Deepak Raj, Ishan Garg, Suraj K. Aruwani, Faizan Shaukat
Summary: The incidence of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) has been alarmingly increasing, with older age, hospitalization, recent use of proton pump inhibitors, and antibiotics identified as significant risk factors. Additionally, factors like increased body mass index, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, and malignancy are associated with a higher incidence of CDI.
CUREUS JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Tanveer Singh, Prabhjot Bedi, Karandeep Bumrah, Darshan Gandhi, Tanureet Arora, Nikita Verma, Mary Schleicher, Manoj P. Rai, Rajat Garg, Beni Verma, Madhusudhan R. Sanaka
Summary: Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is effective in the treatment of recurrent Clostridium difficile infection (CDI), but not significant in primary CDI.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL GASTROENTEROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Surgery
Christopher W. Mangieri, Jeffrey A. Ling, David M. Modlin, Elizabeth D. Rose, Pamela L. Burgess
Summary: The study supports the routine use of combined bowel preparation in colorectal surgery to optimize post-operative outcomes, indicating that it does not increase the risk of CDI and in fact is protective. Additionally, it may decrease the risk of sepsis and mortality.
SURGICAL ENDOSCOPY AND OTHER INTERVENTIONAL TECHNIQUES
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Seong Won Nho, Minjae Kim, Seong-Jae Kim, Steven L. Foley, Rajesh Nayak, Ohgew Kweon, Carl E. Cerniglia
Summary: This study organized previous research outputs, filled experimental gaps in knowledge of storage conditions, and developed a practical strategy for fecal storage for CDI diagnosis. The 5-step pathway included bibliomic analysis, experimental gap-filling, comparative evaluation, strategy development, and internal review, leading to the recommendation of storing fecal samples at 4 degrees C for up to 60 days for CDI diagnosis.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Bowen Jiang, Dongyue Yu, Yongrong Zhang, Therwa Hamza, Hanping Feng, Stephen W. W. Hoag
Summary: This study described a multi-particulate delivery system encapsulating a tetra-valent antibody ABAB-IgG1 for the treatment of CDI. The cecum injection of ABAB-IgG1 into the lower GI tract of mice was shown to relieve symptoms, improve clinical scores, and enhance survival rates during CDI. The antibody was spray layered onto mannitol beads and enteric coated with pH-sensitive polymers for colon-targeting release.
PHARMACEUTICAL DEVELOPMENT AND TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Microbiology
Gabriela Muniz Carvalho, Carolina Pantuzza Ramos, Francisco Carlos Faria Lobato, Roberto Mauricio Carvalho Guedes, Paula Roberta Giaretta, Rodrigo Otavio Silveira Silva
Summary: There is a lack of published guidelines for the diagnosis of Clostridioides (Clostridium) difficile infection (CDI) in animals. The performance of available methods for detecting CDI varies among different animal species. Enzyme immunoassays have shown low performance in detecting toxins A and B in piglet and dog samples, while having high sensitivity for foals. Tests for detecting glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) have been identified as a suitable screening method with high sensitivity in animal samples. Studies evaluating real-time PCR or nucleic acid amplification tests have shown low performance for detecting CDI in animals. Histopathology can be a useful tool for post-mortem diagnosis in animals with CDI.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Winston L. McCormick, Gail Jackson, Sarah B. Andrea, Valerie Whitehead, Tiffany L. Chargualaf, Francine Touzard-Romo
Summary: Misclassification of Clostridioides difficile colonization as hospital-onset CDI can have negative consequences. We implemented mandatory PCR testing approval and observed a significant decline in HO-CDI rates and standardized infection ratio. Approval request served as an educational opportunity for mindful testing and accurate diagnosis of HO-CDI.
INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY
(2023)