Review
Microbiology
Amber J. Barton, Jennifer Hill, Christoph J. Blohmke, Andrew J. Pollard
Summary: This review summarizes the advances in understanding the pathogenesis of enteric fever, including mechanisms of host restriction, intestinal invasion, interactions with innate immunity, and chronic carriage, and discusses how this knowledge may advance future vaccines and antimicrobials.
FEMS MICROBIOLOGY REVIEWS
(2021)
Review
Microbiology
Amber J. Barton, Jennifer Hill, Christoph J. Blohmke, Andrew J. Pollard
Summary: The lack of vaccines against paratyphoid, multidrug resistance, and chronic carriage pose challenges for enteric fever elimination, despite the recent recommendation of conjugate vaccines for typhoid fever by WHO. Advances in in vitro and human challenge models in the past decade have enhanced understanding of enteric fever pathogenesis and have the potential to drive future developments in vaccines and antimicrobials.
FEMS MICROBIOLOGY REVIEWS
(2021)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
John N. Hertzer, Madeline Fujishiro, Sara D. Lawhon, Kate E. Creevy
Summary: This case report discusses the diagnosis and management of Salmonella prostatitis in a five-year-old intact male Labrador Retriever mix dog, along with comorbidities such as heartworm infestation. Recommendations to mitigate zoonotic spread were emphasized, including frequent hand washing and using an isolated area for urination and defecation.
BMC VETERINARY RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Bob Van Hove, Lien De Wannemaeker, Isolde Missiaen, Jo Maertens, Marjan De Mey
Summary: CRISPRi is a powerful technique for gene repression, but it can cause unintended effects in inducible systems. This study evaluated three methods to enhance the control of CRISPRi. Mismatches in the guide RNA sequence, decoy target sites, and feedback control were found to improve the controllability, linearity, and dynamic range of CRISPRi. These techniques enable fine-tuning of CRISPRi for specific applications.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jessie MacAlpine, Nicole Robbins, Leah E. Cowen
Summary: Microbial communities in the human body have diverse effects on human health and disease. This review outlines the interactions between bacteria and fungi in the human body, including their influence on human diseases. The mechanisms and advances in understanding these interactions are discussed, with a focus on three fungal species responsible for systemic fungal infections in humans. The potential of mining microbes for new antimicrobials and antivirulence factors is highlighted.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Agata Mikolajczyk-Martinez, Maciej Ugorski
Summary: Despite being a direct descendant, Salmonella Gallinarum exhibits significant differences in pathogenicity compared to Salmonella Enteritidis. These differences may be attributed to variations in structure and functions of type 1 fimbriae (T1Fs). The present study shows that MST1Fs and MRT1Fs play a role in the adhesion, invasion, intracellular survival, and cytotoxicity of S. Enteritidis and S. Gallinarum.
Review
Food Science & Technology
Xingjian Bai, Cindy H. Nakatsu, Arun K. Bhunia
Summary: Biofilm formation by bacteria in food processing environments is a major source of foodborne illness outbreaks. This review focuses on the connection between bacterial biofilm formation and pathogenicity in common foodborne pathogens. Molecular level studies reveal the dual functions of bacterial molecules in biofilm formation and pathogenicity.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Gargi Kundu, P. R. Amrutha, K. Vipin Raj, Srinu Tothadi, Kumar Vanka, Sakya S. Sen
Summary: Despite recent advancements in boron chemistry, isolating the parent oxoborane remains a challenge. The reaction of 6-SIDipp(.)BH3 with GaCl3 produced a unique boron-gallium compound. The addition of water released H-2 and formed a rare acid stabilized neutral parent oxoborane.
Review
Cell Biology
Siva R. Uppalapati, Andres Vazquez-Torres
Summary: The metal ion manganese (Mn2+) is important for both hosts and bacterial pathogens. Hosts restrict Mn2+ to combat bacterial infection, while pathogens have mechanisms to counteract this restriction. Mn2+ serves as a cofactor in antioxidant defense and central metabolism. Bacterial pathogens prefer Mn2+-cofactored enzymes during oxidative stress. Mn2+ catalyzes metabolic pathways that provide outputs related to Salmonella's resistance against reactive oxygen species generated during the respiratory burst.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Gregoire Sieg, Igor Mueller, Kilian Weisser, C. Gunnar Werncke
Summary: Radical anions play an important role in organic reductions and electron-driven catalysis, with recent interest in their potential as mediators and electron conductor materials. This study successfully isolated and characterized a simple aryl substituted alkene radical anion, stilbene, and discovered isomerization of the involved double bond during its formation. The use of a specific iron complex allowed for this transformation and isomerization of electron richer simple alkenes.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Lars Pedersen, Hans Houe, Erik Rattenborg, Liza Rosenbaum Nielsen
Summary: The importance of implementing protective measures is related to the size of cattle herds and the potential for external contact. With a larger herd, biosecurity becomes increasingly essential, especially for diseases like Salmonella Dublin that can survive in the environment. This study developed a framework and tool to assess the biosecurity measures in dairy herds to prevent the introduction and establishment of S. Dublin. The framework includes on-farm observations and farmer interviews and provides a comprehensive assessment of the overall biosecurity level.
Editorial Material
Biology
Erica P. Ryu, Emily R. Davenport
Summary: Changes in diet during domestication are likely to have influenced the composition of microbes in the guts of animals.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Anita M. van den Hoek, Serdar Ozsezen, Martien P. M. Caspers, Arianne van Koppen, Roeland Hanemaaijer, Lars Verschuren
Summary: The development of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) contributes to the progression of atherosclerosis, with pathogenic liver processes preceding the development of atherosclerosis in the aorta. Transcriptome analysis and gene regulatory network analysis reveal specific liver regulators related to lipid metabolism, inflammation, and fibrosis, as well as a set of aorta target genes related to vascular inflammation and atherosclerosis signaling.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Santiago Hernandez Villamizar, Luis A. Chica Cardenas, Laura T. Morales Mancera, Martha J. Vives Florez
Summary: Phage therapy is a promising alternative for treating bacterial infections. The study found that oxygen-deprived conditions affect the life cycle of phages and their ability to control bacterial populations. Additionally, phage infection under different oxygen conditions triggers the expression of genes associated with anaerobic respiration.
APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Oncology
Nikhil Samarth, Pooja Gulhane, Shailza Singh
Summary: With a low 5-year survival rate and millions of deaths annually, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has become a major concern. The disrupted signaling caused by somatic mutations and the tumor microenvironment play significant roles in the development of NSCLC. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have a major influence on the occurrence and prognosis of NSCLC. Despite the availability of numerous therapies, drug resistance and adverse effects remain challenges. Understanding the connections between perturbed EGFR signaling, miRNAs, and autophagy mechanism may provide new therapeutic approaches for NSCLC.
FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY
(2022)
Editorial Material
Immunology
Ferric C. Fang, Robert T. Schooley
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Editorial Material
Immunology
Manuela Raffatellu, Andreas J. Baumler
INFECTION AND IMMUNITY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Woongjae Yoo, Jacob K. Zieba, Nora J. Foegeding, Teresa P. Torres, Catherine D. Shelton, Nicolas G. Shealy, Austin J. Byndloss, Stephanie A. Cevallos, Erik Gertz, Connor R. Tiffany, Julia D. Thomas, Yael Litvak, Henry Nguyen, Erin E. Olsan, Brian J. Bennett, Jeffrey C. Rathmell, Amy S. Major, Andreas J. Baumler, Mariana X. Byndloss
Summary: It was found that chronic exposure to a high-fat diet can increase levels of circulating trimethlamine N-oxide, a potentially harmful metabolite generated by gut microbiota.
Article
Microbiology
Hirotaka Hiyoshi, Bevin C. English, Vladimir E. Diaz-Ochoa, Tamding Wangdi, Lillian F. Zhang, Miako Sakaguchi, Takeshi Haneda, Renee M. Tsolis, Andreas J. Baumler
Summary: Intracellular pathogens use virulence factors to generate a complement-dependent find-me signal for efferocytosis, thereby avoiding exposure to the extracellular milieu.
CELL HOST & MICROBE
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Joyce E. Karlinsey, Angela M. Fung, Norah Johnston, Howard Goldfine, Stephen J. Libby, Ferric C. Fang
Summary: Cyclopropanation of membrane lipids enhances stress resistance and virulence in Salmonella bacteria.
INFECTION AND IMMUNITY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Alba Alfonso-Garcia, Stephanie A. Cevallos, Jee-Yon Lee, Cai Li, Julien Bec, Andreas J. Baumler, Laura Marcu
Summary: This study tested the feasibility of using fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIm) to non-destructively detect inflammation in thick tissue. The results showed that FLIm was sensitive to colon anatomy and colonocyte layer, and could detect changes in epithelial bioenergetics and physical structure related to inflammatory disease treatment.
Article
Microbiology
Megan J. Liou, Brittany M. Miller, Yael Litvak, Henry Nguyen, Dean E. Natwick, Hannah P. Savage, Jordan A. Rixon, Scott P. Mahan, Hirotaka Hiyoshi, Andrew W. L. Rogers, Eric M. Velazquez, Brian P. Butler, Sean R. Collins, Stephen J. McSorley, Rasika M. Harshey, Mariana X. Byndloss, Scott I. Simon, Andreas J. Baumler
Summary: This study found that both commensal Escherichia coli and pathogenic Salmonella enterica utilize nitrate for intestinal growth, but they occupy different niches and compete for nitrate as a resource.
CELL HOST & MICROBE
(2022)
Editorial Material
Biology
Lauren C. Radlinski, Andreas J. Baumler
Summary: Listeria monocytogenes relies on respiration to sustain a risky fermentative lifestyle during infection.
Review
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jee-Yon Lee, Renee M. Tsolis, Andreas J. Baumler
Summary: Changes in gut microbiota composition are linked to various human diseases. However, defining homeostasis or dysbiosis based on the presence or absence of specific microbial species has been unsuccessful. The adult gut microbiota is regulated by diet and host factors, with oxygen and nitrate availability shaping the bacterial community in different parts of the gut. Poor diet weakens host control mechanisms, potentially leading to dysbiosis. Therefore, quantifying host parameters that control microbial growth could offer alternative approaches to define and remediate dysbiosis.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Clemens M. Gehrer, Alexander Hoffmann, Richard Hilbe, Philipp Grubwieser, Anna-Maria Mitterstiller, Heribert Talasz, Ferric C. Fang, Esther G. Meyron-Holtz, Sarah H. Atkinson, Gunter Weiss, Manfred Nairz
Summary: The sequestration of iron in case of infection is a strategy of host defense, but the function of ferritin in bacterial infections is not fully understood. Iron bound to ferritin is less available to Salmonella, but still enhances bacterial growth significantly. Superoxide dismutase may weaken bacterial iron uptake from ferritin by siderophore-independent mechanisms.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Lillian F. Zhang, Bernd Lepenies, Sayuri Nakamae, Briana M. Young, Renato L. Santos, Manuela Raffatellu, Brian A. Cobb, Hirotaka Hiyoshi, Andreas J. Baeumler
Summary: Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar Typhi is the causative agent of typhoid fever, and the recent emergence of antibiotic-resistant S. Typhi strains highlights the importance of vaccination. The study identified the human C-type lectin receptor DC-SIGN as the receptor for the Vi capsular polysaccharide, which contributes to the pathogenesis of typhoid fever.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Kishore R. Alugupalli, Sudeep Kothari, Matthew P. Cravens, Justin A. Walker, Darren T. Dougharty, Gregory S. Dickinson, Louis A. Gatto, Andreas J. Baumler, Tamding Wangdi, Darla R. Miller, Fernando Pardo-Manuel De Villena, Linda D. Siracusa
Summary: To investigate the genetic basis and effective therapeutic strategies for typhoid fever, the study used two recombinant inbred strains, CC003/Unc and CC053/Unc, which have a wider range of genetic diversity. These strains exhibited susceptibility to S. Typhi infection and showed histopathological changes characteristic of human typhoid, making them valuable models for studying typhoid susceptibility, S. Typhi virulence mechanisms, and testing vaccines and therapeutics.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Editorial Material
Microbiology
Alfredo Chavez-Arroyo, Andreas J. Baumler
Summary: The spread of multidrug-resistant zoonotic pathogens, such as Salmonella, within livestock is a concern for food safety. Superspreaders, which shed the pathogen at high numbers with their feces, escalate the spread of Salmonella on the farm. However, there are currently no biomarkers to identify potential superspreaders. Kempf and coworkers found that a potent early inflammatory response to Salmonella infection and changes in the microbiota composition are associated with the superspreader phenotype in pigs. Further research is needed to predict animals that have the potential to become superspreaders.
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Anais B. Larabi, Hugo L. P. Masson, Andreas J. Baumler
Summary: Changes in gut microbiota composition are associated with human illnesses, and bile acids play a key role in shaping the microbiota. Bile acids exert antimicrobial activity and activate host signaling pathways to maintain gut homeostasis. Manipulating the composition or size of the bile acid pool could be a promising strategy to address dysbiosis and its associated diseases.
Article
Microbiology
Arturo Casadevall, Ferric Fang
Summary: Decisions involving cooperation or competition are common in science. This article examines three common scenarios in biomedical sciences – establishing priority, sharing reagents, and selecting a journal for publication – using the prisoner's dilemma as a framework. In each situation, cooperation is found to be the optimal strategy for scientists and for the advancement of science.
