Article
Microbiology
Judah Ssekitoleko, Lonzy Ojok, Ahmed Abd El Wahed, Joseph Erume, Ahmad Amanzada, ElSagad Eltayeb, Kamal H. Eltom, Julius Boniface Okuni
Summary: This review discusses the mechanisms utilized by MAP to overcome the host defense system to achieve virulence, including putative MAP virulence genes and their probable roles in comparison to other mycobacteria. It also highlights the importance of understanding MAP virulence mechanisms in controlling and preventing paratuberculosis.
Article
Reproductive Biology
Jessica Lobo Albuquerque Caldeira, Ana Carolina Silva Faria, Edgar Andres Diaz-Miranda, Tiago Jaquel Zilch, Sanely Lourenco da Costa Caliman, Denise Silva Okano, Jose Domingues Guimara, Junnia Luisa Pena, Wagner Faria Barbosa, Abelardo Silva Junior, Yung-Fu Chang, Maria Aparecida Scatamburlo Moreira
Summary: The study found that MAP affects the motility and vigor of bovine sperm, with higher concentrations of MAP leading to lower sperm performance. MAP was found to remain viable in samples of higher concentrations after thawing, indicating the potential transmission of this pathogen through artificial insemination.
Article
Immunology
Maedeh Moghadam, Ezzat Allah Ghaemi, Hamideh Akbari, Hadi Razavi Nikoo, Samin Zamani
Summary: This study investigated the association between MAP and HT. The results indicated that the frequency of MAP and MAP3865c antibodies was significantly higher in HT patients compared to the healthy controls. Furthermore, individuals with a positive result for MAP or anti-MAP3865c antibodies showed a significantly higher rate of livestock contact and traditional dairy consumption.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Alexander Byrne, Nathalie Bissonnette, Severine Ollier, Kapil Tahlan
Summary: Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) causes Johne's Disease (JD) in ruminants and poses significant economic loss to the global dairy industry. This study investigates the prevalence and impact of mixed strain infection (MSI) and microevolution on JD by analyzing MAP isolates from high-shedding animals. The results show evidence of MSIs and microevolution in most animals, with variations in short sequence repeats (SSRs) affecting protein products and potentially influencing the infectivity of the pathogen. These findings provide insights into the dynamics and evolution of MAP in JD.
MICROBIOLOGY SPECTRUM
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Alexander Byrne, Nathalie Bissonnette, Severine Ollier, Kapil Tahlan
Summary: This study reveals the presence of mixed strain infection and microevolution in high-shedding animals, which could have implications for the development of Johne's Disease in dairy cattle.
MICROBIOLOGY SPECTRUM
(2023)
Review
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Hannah Dane, Linda D. Stewart, Irene R. Grant
Summary: This review provides an overview of the development of culture methods for Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP), including its growth requirements, the advantages and disadvantages of different culture media, the performance of commonly used MAP culture media, and sample preparation/decontamination protocols for different sample types. The limitations of current MAP culture methods and prospects for improvements are discussed.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Maria Manuela Estevinho, Jose Cabeda, Mafalda Santiago, Elisabete Machado, Ricardo Silva, Mary Duro, Ines Pita, Rui Morais, Guilherme Macedo, Tim J. Bull, Fernando Magro, Amelia Sarmento
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the frequency of viable Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) and Escherichia coli isolates with adherence/invasive ability (AIEC) in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients. The results showed that MAP was more frequently cultured from the blood and faecal samples of patients with Crohn's disease (CD) and cirrhosis, while most individuals' faecal samples had isolates of AIEC-like E. coli. However, only three confirmed E. coli isolates had an AIEC-like phenotype. This study confirmed the association between MAP and CD, but did not find a strong association between the presence of AIEC and CD.
Article
Microbiology
Rachel Hodgeman, Rachel Mann, Keith Savin, Noel Djitro, Simone Rochfort, Brendan Rodoni
Summary: This study conducted the first phylogenetic analysis of Australian Map isolates, revealing a highly monomorphic Type C lineage and clustering all Australian isolates into a single clade in the Type S lineage with a single Scottish sheep strain. The identified limitations of current typing methods highlight the need for further development of improved diagnostic typing methods for Map.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Kristina J. H. Kleinwort, Bernhard F. Hobmaier, Ricarda Mayer, Christina Hoelzel, Roxane L. Degroote, Erwin Martlbauer, Stefanie M. Hauck, Cornelia A. Deeg
Summary: Proteomic analysis of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) cultivated in milk revealed upregulation of proteins involved in metabolism, fatty acid metabolism/synthesis, stress responses, immune evasion, transcription/translation, and bacterial cell wall synthesis. Proteins such as Dut, MmpL4_1, and RecA were only detected in MAP incubated in milk, suggesting crucial roles in coping with a stressful environment. Additionally, 35 candidates with stable expression in all conditions were identified as potential detection targets.
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Melina Rasper-Hossinger, Michael Biggel, Roger Stephan, Frauke Seehusen, Simone Scherrer
Summary: The study aimed to analyze strain diversity in MAP-positive fecal samples using specific SNPs to distinguish between cattle and sheep type MAP, as well as SNPs within gyrA and gyrB genes to differentiate between Types I, II, and III. MIRU-VNTR analysis using eight loci was also performed. The results showed a heterogeneity of MAP in Switzerland, with 96.7% of the samples containing C-type MAP and 3.3% containing S-type MAP.
FRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Vincent Rochard, Thierry Cochard, Stephanie Crapart, Vincent Delafont, Jean-Louis Moyen, Yann Hechard, Franck Biet
Summary: The prevalence of Johne's disease (JD) caused by Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis (Map) is high and poses significant economic losses in the dairy industry worldwide. Recent studies have shown that Map may hinder the eradication of bovine tuberculosis (bTB) due to frequent co-infection. This study investigates the co-occurrence of amoebae and mycobacteria in water troughs of cattle herds monitored for JD or bTB, and suggests that amoebae may play a role in the transmission of JD.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Sepideh Hosseiniporgham, Lucio Rebechesu, Pierangela Pintore, Stefano Lollai, Maria Dattena, Simone Russo, Angelo Ruiu, Leonardo A. Sechi
Summary: Paratuberculosis is an incurable gastroenteritis in ruminants caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP). A novel phage-based assay (PBQ) showed a superior limit of detection compared to the conventional method (PMS), indicating its potential for assessing MAP viability in milk samples. The PBQ method was preferred due to its lower LOD, higher sensitivity, rapidity, and lack of additional treatments required.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Raul G. Barletta, John P. Bannantine, Judith R. Stabel, Ezhumalai Muthukrishnan, Dirk K. Anderson, Enakshy Dutta, Vamsi Manthena, Mostafa Hanafy, Denise K. Zinniel
Summary: This study developed a model cell culture system to screen MAP mutants with vaccine potential for apoptosis. The results showed that deletion mutants of MAP strains induced more cell death, consistent with previous experiments on bovine macrophages. These deletion mutants may be good vaccine candidates.
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Sylvie Bay, Douglas Begg, Christelle Ganneau, Maxime Branger, Thierry Cochard, John P. Bannantine, Heike Koehler, Jean-Louis Moyen, Richard J. Whittington, Franck Biet
Summary: This study aimed to chemically synthesize a water-soluble variant of L5P for serological diagnosis of MAP. The results showed that both L5P and its water-soluble derivative are suitable for population-level serological testing for Johne's disease, but they have lower sensitivity in ELISA compared to a commercial test. The synthetic MAP specific antigens can be produced in large quantities at low cost for robust studies.
FRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Chris Pickrodt, Heike Koehler, Udo Moog, Elisabeth M. Liebler-Tenorio, Petra Moebius
Summary: This study investigated the diversity of MAP isolates in four goat herds in Germany. Different genotypes were identified, indicating the presence of six different infection strains. There were no epidemiological links found between the examined herds.