Article
Infectious Diseases
M. A. Iro, M. J. Goldacre, R. Goldacre
Summary: This study reports on population-based epidemiological trends in central nervous system (CNS) abscesses and empyemas in England. The results show an increase in hospital admission rates for CNS abscesses and empyemas from 1999 to 2019. There was also a small increase in mortality rates, but the overall mortality remained low.
JOURNAL OF INFECTION
(2023)
Article
Rheumatology
Eric Y. Yen, Devanshu R. Singh, Ram Raj Singh
Summary: This study aimed to assess the mortality of SSc in the general population by age over the past five decades. By using a national mortality database and census data, the proportions and age-standardized mortality rates (ASMRs) of SSc and non-SSc were calculated and compared by age groups. The results showed that the mortality for SSc has steadily decreased at younger ages, while it has steeply increased among the elderly population.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Robert A. Wermers, Marcio L. Griebeler, Prabin Thapa, Matthew A. Hathcock, Ann E. Kearns
Summary: Overall, the survival of patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) in a community population in the United States was not significantly different from that of white Minnesota residents. However, individuals with a maximum serum calcium level > 10.8 mg/dL had an increased risk of mortality. Survival was improved after parathyroidectomy in patients with serum calcium levels >10.8 mg/dL.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Gabriele Ricco, Barbara Coco, Piero Colombatto, Filippo Oliveri, Daniela Cavallone, Patrizia Bleve, Barbara Vianello, Veronica Romagnoli, Antonio Salvati, Lidia Surace, Ferruccio Bonino, Maurizia Rossana Brunetto
Summary: This study examined the epidemiology of HBV in a large single center cohort over the past two decades, revealing changes in the characteristics and trends of HBV infection. Differences were observed between Italian and non-Italian immigrants, with age and gender playing important roles in the infected population. The prevalence of chronic HBV decreased, while HBeAg-negative infection increased. The incidence of cirrhosis declined, except for patients with ongoing HDV infection, particularly among non-Italian immigrants.
DIGESTIVE AND LIVER DISEASE
(2023)
Article
Rheumatology
Samantha S. R. Crossfield, Helena Marzo-Ortega, Sarah R. Kingsbury, Mar Pujades-Rodriguez, Philip G. Conaghan
Summary: This study found that the incidence of ankylosing spondylitis decreased between 1998 and 2007, then increased from 2007 to 2017. The rising prevalence may indicate improved patient survival. However, there is a persisting delay in rheumatology referral and diagnosis, particularly in women.
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Yuanjia Zhu, Bharathi Lingala, Michael Baiocchi, Veronica Toro Arana, Kiah M. Williams, Yasuhiro Shudo, Philip E. Oyer, Y. Joseph Woo
Summary: In this retrospective study from Stanford University's heart transplant programme spanning fifty years, it was found that long-term survival has improved over time despite older recipients and donors, worsening comorbidities, increased technical complexity, and prolonged total allograft ischemia time. Further research is needed to understand the factors contributing to the positive outcomes observed in this study.
EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Anesthesiology
Richard P. Dutton, Albert J. Varon
Summary: This article presents a brief history of the scientific and educational development of trauma anesthesiology, highlighting key milestones from the past 50 years and discussing the current standing of the subspecialty and prospects for the future.
ANESTHESIA AND ANALGESIA
(2023)
Article
Forestry
Danielle Cristina Ortiz, Tancredo Augusto Feitosa de Souza, Tatiani Maria Pech, Marie Luise Carolina Bartz, Dilmar Baretta, Alexandre Siminski, Julia Carina Niemeyer
Summary: This study found that different vegetation types can affect soil ecosystems, leading to changes in soil fauna community composition. It was observed that soil fauna feeding activity was reduced in exotic tree plantations compared to natural ecosystems, potentially affecting ecosystem services.
JOURNAL OF FORESTRY RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Business
Gary N. Powell, D. Anthony Butterfield
Summary: The purpose of this study is to examine the linkages between gender and gender-related variables to aspirations to top management over a period spanning five decades. The findings suggest that women have lower aspirations to top management compared to men in undergraduate business students, and aspirations to top management are influenced by masculinity for both populations. Furthermore, the study reveals a declining trend in undergraduate women's aspirations to top management during the 21st century, while undergraduate men's aspirations remain stable. These findings contribute to the understanding of the impact of gender on the management field.
GENDER IN MANAGEMENT
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Wen Liang, Yan Wang, Jinglong Mu, Nian Wu, Juying Wang, Sumei Liu
Summary: This study re-examines the nutrient trends in the Bohai Sea and finds that the concentrations of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) and DIN/dissolved inorganic phosphate (DIP) ratios gradually increased from 2000 to 2013 but dramatically decreased from 2013 to 2019. This suggests that nearshore waters in the Bohai Sea respond more rapidly to changes in human activities. Furthermore, the study demonstrates the phased success of various nutrient reduction measures taken by the Chinese government to improve the environment of the Bohai Sea over the past decade.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Yani Meng, Shao-peng Li, Shaopeng Wang, Scott J. Meiners, Lin Jiang
Summary: This study rigorously tests the widely assumed tenet in ecology that ecosystem stability tends to increase over succession. The results show that temporal stability at the larger field scale (gamma stability) does increase over succession, but temporal stability at the local plot scale (alpha stability) does not. Increased spatial asynchrony among plots within fields increases gamma stability, while temporal increases in species stability and decreases in species asynchrony offset each other, resulting in no increase in alpha stability at the local scale. Furthermore, there is a notable positive diversity-stability relationship at the larger scale, with the increased gamma stability associated with increasing functional diversity later in succession.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Nauman Ali, Qinghua Ye, Xueqin Zhang, Xinhui Ji, Yafan Hu, Liping Zhu, Arslan Ali
Summary: The rapid melting of glaciers in the Himalayas has resulted in severe glacial-hydrological hazards. This study focuses on the Dhauliganga catchment in Uttarakhand, India, and utilizes remote sensing data and geodetic measurements to analyze the changes in glacier area and mass over the past two decades. The results show that the debris-free glacier area has decreased by 12.35%, with a negative mass balance. Some glaciers experienced an increase in melt rate, while others demonstrated a decrease. The collapse of the Ronti glacier is likely attributed to significant mass accumulation. This study is important for understanding glacier changes and predicting disaster risks.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Ulla Suulamo, Lasse Tarkiainen, Hanna Remes, Pekka Martikainen
Summary: The study reveals an increasing differentiation in mortality rates across Finnish municipalities, largely attributed to variations in individual compositional factors between municipalities.
SSM-POPULATION HEALTH
(2021)
Article
Environmental Studies
Roland Cocharda, Mathieu Graveya, Luiz Gustavo Raserab, Gregoire Mariethozb, Christian A. Kulla
Summary: This study investigates whether Thua Thien Hue Province in central Vietnam aligns with the models of forest transition. The research finds that the transition in this region was a result of large-scale forest destruction during the Second Indochina War and the influence of state policies. While the expansion of exotic tree plantations helped mitigate the impact on natural forests, the sustainability of this transition remains to be assessed.
Article
Rheumatology
Samantha S. R. Crossfield, Maya H. Buch, Paul Baxter, Sarah R. Kingsbury, Mar Pujades-Rodriguez, Philip G. Conaghan
Summary: Despite modern treatment strategies, corticosteroid prescribing in RA patients remains substantial and persists beyond 6months once initiated. Furthermore, while NSAID prescribing has declined in the past few decades, there are still a significant number of long-term users. Rheumatologists need to further investigate the reasons for reducing corticosteroid use and develop appropriate strategies to minimize adverse events.