Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Safialdin Alsanosi, Ryan A. Sheikh, Sultan Sonbul, Hisham N. Altayb, Afnan S. Batubara, Salman Hosawi, Kaltoom Al-Sakkaf, Omeima Abdullah, Ziad Omran, Mahmoud Alhosin
Summary: Nigella sativa oil, commonly known as black seed oil (BSO), contains the active compound thymoquinone (TQ) which inhibits cell proliferation and induces apoptosis by targeting epigenetic factors and proteins. This study compared the effects of BSO and pure TQ on cancer cells and found that both had similar inhibitory and apoptotic effects. Molecular docking and simulation showed that TQ had good binding affinity to UHRF1 and HDAC1, suggesting it as a promising strategy for epigenetic therapy.
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Winatta Sakdasri, Piraya Sila-ngam, Supitcha Chummengyen, Atitaya Sukruay, Somkiat Ngamprasertsith, Wirasinee Supang, Ruengwit Sawangkeaw
Summary: This study examined the effects of feed rate, temperature, and moisture content on the yield and thymoquinone content of black cumin seed oil extracted using a screw press. Optimal conditions were identified through a Box-Behnken design, which resulted in a yield of 22 wt% oil and 10 mg/mL thymoquinone content. Moisture played a significant role in both oil yield and thymoquinone content.
INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Isa Telci, Mehmet Necat Izgi, Temel Ozek, Selma Yasak, Suleyman Yur, Gulmira Ozek
Summary: This study investigated the effects of different nitrogen doses on black cumin seed oil yield, thymoquinone ratio/yield, and fatty acid compositions. Results showed that nitrogen doses significantly affected oil and thymoquinone yields, with the highest oil yield obtained from 80 kg/ha nitrogen doses and the highest thymoquinone yield from control plots. Nitrogen doses above 60-80 kg/ha should be avoided for optimal seed oil and thymoquinone yields in black cumin.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY
(2022)
Article
Food Science & Technology
K. V. Harivaindaran, Nguyen Huu Tien, Toan Nguyen Song Dinh, Hayati Samsudin, Fazilah Ariffin, Abdorreza Mohammadi Nafchi
Summary: The study found that superheated steam (SHS) roasting can better preserve the quality of black seeds, with improved antioxidant activity and oil quality.
FOOD SCIENCE & NUTRITION
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Masoumeh Fadishei, Mahboobeh Ghasemzadeh Rahbardar, Mohsen Imenshahidi, Ahmad Mohajeri, Bibi Marjan Razavi, Hossein Hosseinzadeh
Summary: The study found that BPA can lead to abnormalities in blood pressure, lipid profile, hepatic enzymes, and insulin, while supplementation with NSO or TQ can reduce these abnormalities and increase the level of glutathione, providing a certain control over metabolic disorders.
PHYTOTHERAPY RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Hilal Alkis, Elif Demir, Mehmet Resit Taysi, Suleyman Sagir, Seyithan Taysi
Summary: Ionizing radiation leads to the release of free radicals into the systemic circulation, causing oxidative stress in distant organs. Naturally occurring antioxidant agents such as Nigella sativa oil (NSO) and thymoquinone (TQ) exhibit protective and antioxidant effects against oxidative damage in the kidney tissue of rats exposed to cranial irradiation.
BIOMEDICINE & PHARMACOTHERAPY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Grzegorz Gawron, Wojciech Krzyczkowski, Robert Lyzen, Leszek Kadzinski, Bogdan Banecki
Summary: Optimization of supercritical carbon dioxide extraction from N. sativa seeds can improve oil yield for applications in food industry and health. N. sativa seed oil demonstrates antibacterial activity, especially against certain bacterial pathogens.
Article
Horticulture
Zainab Albakry, Emad Karrar, Isam A. Mohamed Ahmed, Emel Oz, Charalampos Proestos, Aly Farag El Sheikha, Fatih Oz, Gangcheng Wu, Xingguo Wang
Summary: This study assessed the nutritional quality and bioactive properties of black cumin seeds and oil commonly found in the Chinese market. The results showed that black cumin seeds are nutritionally rich and have high potential applications in the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries.
Review
Immunology
Opeyemi Oluwafemi Ojueromi, Ganiyu Oboh, Ayokunle Olubode Ademosun
Summary: This article reviews the anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties of Nigella sativa and its bioactive compounds, as well as their potential in treating disorders linked to inflammation and immune dysregulation.
INFLAMMOPHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Prathiba Gnanasekaran, Anitha Roy, Nagabhishek Sirpu Natesh, Varshini Raman, Priyanka Ganapathy, Madan Kumar Arumugam
Summary: In this study, nano thymoquinone (nTQ) was synthesized and characterized. The results showed that biologically synthesized nTQ exhibited higher activity in removing potential microbial pathogens and increasing cancer cell death compared to chemically synthesized nTQ. These findings may support the use of biosynthesis method of nTQ over the chemosynthesis method.
ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY & INNOVATION
(2021)
Review
Plant Sciences
Siti Hajar Adam, Izuddin Fahmy Abu, Datu Agasi Mohd Kamal, Ami Febriza, Mohd Izhar Ariff Mohd Kashim, Mohd Helmy Mokhtar
Summary: Obesity is a global epidemic with various comorbidities. Conventional treatments have limited effectiveness and undesirable side effects, leading to increased interest in alternative therapies. Nigella sativa is believed to have potential in treating obesity and its complications, although further research is needed to confirm its efficacy and safety.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Sidika Ekren, Ismail Can Paylan, Adem Gokcol
Summary: This study aimed to improve the germination rate and emergence rate of black cumin seeds by enhancing seed quality. The researchers found that seed priming and coating techniques were effective in increasing the germination rate. Additionally, hot water and ozone treatments were successful in eliminating cucumber mosaic virus from black cumin seeds.
FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS
(2023)
Review
Food Science & Technology
Muhammad Abdul Rahim, Aurbab Shoukat, Waseem Khalid, Afaf Ejaz, Nizwa Itrat, Iqra Majeed, Hyrije Koraqi, Muhammad Imran, Mahr Un Nisa, Anum Nazir, Wafa S. Alansari, Areej A. Eskandrani, Ghalia Shamlan, Ammar AL-Farga
Summary: This review examines the effects of black seed on human health and its applications in food products. Black seed oil contains essential fatty acids, but has low oxidative stability. Different encapsulation methods can be used to improve the stability of black seed oil. Thymoquinone in black seed and oil has various biological activities and can be used to reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and diabetes.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Prawez Alam, Faiyaz Shakeel, Mohamad Taleuzzaman, Ahmed I. Foudah, Mohammed H. Alqarni, Tariq M. Aljarba, Sultan Alshehri, Mohammed M. Ghoneim
Summary: This study aimed to precisely estimate THY using HPLC with a QbD approach, optimizing chromatographic conditions with BBD design. The developed HPLC method was found to be simple, accurate, quick, and robust for routine analysis of THY.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Mohamad Fawzi Mahomoodally, Muhammad Zakariyyah Aumeeruddy, Lesetja J. Legoabe, Domenico Montesano, Gokhan Zengin
Summary: This systematic review provides a comprehensive analysis of the clinical studies on the efficacy, safety, and mechanism of action of Nigella sativa L. and its compound thymoquinone in diabetes management. The review found that Nigella sativa L. is highly potent in lowering blood glucose levels and thymoquinone, when combined with metformin, showed greater effectiveness in reducing HbA1c and blood glucose levels. The study suggests the potential application of Nigella sativa L. in the management of diabetes and highlights the need for further research on the mechanism of action of thymoquinone.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
Mai T. Abdo, Sherweit H. El-Ahmady, Haidy A. Gad
Summary: In this study, UV spectroscopy and HPLC techniques were successfully applied for the discrimination and quality control of ginger from different geographical origins. The stability of ginger samples after 3 years of storage was also investigated, showing a significant decrease in quality and changes in main active constituents. The study concluded that UV and HPLC combined with chemometrics can be an effective tool for quality, stability, and geographical discrimination of ginger.
JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE
(2021)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Haidy Gad, Eman Al-Sayed, Iriny Ayoub
Summary: The study utilized GC-MS and ATR-IR for phytochemical discrimination and metabolic analysis of Pinus species, demonstrating the inhibitory effects of pine essential oils on Helicobacter pylori. In silico molecular modeling further supported the potential binding of phytochemicals to enzymes related to H. pylori, explaining their inhibitory activity.
PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS
(2021)
Article
Plant Sciences
Haidy A. Gad, Nilufar Z. Mamadalieva, Stefan Bohmdorfer, Thomas Rosenau, Gokhan Zengin, Rano Z. Mamadalieva, Nawal M. Al Musayeib, Mohamed L. Ashour
Summary: The volatile components of six Astragalus species were analyzed using GC-MS, revealing potential antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory activities, making them promising natural sources for medicinal purposes in treating various diseases.
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Eman M. Kabbash, Iriny M. Ayoub, Haidy A. Gad, Zeinab T. Abdel-Shakour, Sherweit H. El-Ahmady
Summary: This study aimed to assess the phytochemical content of olive leaves from different geographical regions in Egypt during both spring and autumn seasons. Results showed higher levels of oleuropein, total flavonoid, and total polyphenol content in spring, with the Spanish cultivar Manzanillo exhibiting the highest oleuropein content. UV spectra and multivariate analyses revealed clustering of cultivars with common geographical origin.
PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Ahmed K. Kammoun, Ahmed E. Altyar, Haidy A. Gad
Summary: This study compared the metabolic profiles of essential oils from the leaves of nine cultivars of Citrus sinensis cultivated in Egypt using GC-MS analysis and chemometrics. The essential oils showed moderate cytotoxic activity on different cell lines, with MCF-7 cells being the most resistant and HeLa cells being the most sensitive. This may be due to the synergistic effects of different chemical components.
JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL AND BIOMEDICAL ANALYSIS
(2021)
Review
Polymer Science
Heba A. Gad, Autumn Roberts, Samirah H. Hamzi, Haidy A. Gad, Ilham Touiss, Ahmed E. Altyar, Osama A. Kensara, Mohamed L. Ashour
Summary: Jojoba is a widely used medicinal plant with seeds and oil that have a long history of treating various ailments. The oil has pharmacological applications such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial activities, and is used in pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. Jojoba oil is highly valued for its composition and has industrial applications like anti-rodent and insecticidal properties.
Article
Plant Sciences
Dilafruz N. Jamalova, Haidy A. Gad, Davlat K. Akramov, Komiljon S. Tojibaev, Nawal M. Al Musayeib, Mohamed L. Ashour, Nilufar Z. Mamadalieva
Summary: The chemical composition of essential oils from four Apiaceae species was determined using gas chromatography, revealing differences in major components among the species. Antioxidant, antimicrobial, and cytotoxic activities also varied, with Ferula species demonstrating superior activity in the assays. Additionally, a regression model using metabolite profiling data showed excellent predictive ability for antioxidant capacity.
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Abdulrahman A. Roshan, Rania M. Hathout, Sherweit H. El-Ahmady, Abdelnasser B. Singab, Haidy A. Gad
Summary: This study demonstrates the reliability and efficiency of HPLC and UV spectroscopy coupled with multivariate statistical analysis (MVA) for ensuring the consistency of polyherbal preparations.
PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS
(2022)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Mohamed A. Farag, Nehal S. Ramadan, Mohamed Shorbagi, Nermeen Farag, Haidy A. Gad
Summary: The aim of this study was to assess the nutrient primary metabolites and aroma determinants in Prunus armeniaca L. fruits and seed kernels grown in Egypt under different cultivars and agricultural conditions. Two techniques were used to evaluate non-volatile and volatile metabolites. The study identified various peaks belonging to sugars, fatty acids/esters, and organic acids in apricot fruits and seed kernels. Glucose and sucrose were found to be enriched in apricot fruits, while lactones, alcohols, and esters were identified as the main volatile classes. The major peaks contributing to the discrimination between fruit cultivars were (E)-Anethole, beta-ionone, gamma-decanolactone, and methyl palmitate, providing novel insights into the apricot metabolome.
Article
Plant Sciences
Noha Khalil, Haidy A. Gad, Nawal M. Al Musayeib, Mokhtar Bishr, Mohamed L. Ashour
Summary: The present study aimed to identify glucosinolates (GSLs) and volatile compounds in six Brassicaceae seeds cultivated in Egypt. The results showed variations in GSL content and volatile compounds among different seeds, which were found to have different antioxidant capacities.
Article
Plant Sciences
Haidy A. Gad, Elbek A. Mukhammadiev, Gokhan Zengen, Nawal M. Al Musayeib, Hidayat Hussain, Ismail Bin Ware, Mohamed L. Ashour, Nilufar Z. Mamadalieva
Summary: The chemical composition and antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory activity of the essential oils from Stachys byzantina, S. hissarica, and S. betoniciflora in Uzbekistan were analyzed.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Haidy A. Gad, Rano Z. Mamadalieva, Noha Khalil, Gokhan Zengin, Basma Najar, Olim K. Khojimatov, Nawal M. Al Musayeib, Mohamed L. Ashour, Nilufar Z. Mamadalieva
Summary: This study analyzed the essential oils of three Salvia species and found that they have antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory activities. S. virgata essential oil showed the strongest antioxidant activity, while S. officinalis had the best enzyme inhibitory activity. The results suggest that these Salvia essential oils could be promising candidates for drug development in the management of Alzheimer's and hyperpigmentation conditions.
Article
Plant Sciences
Nouran M. Fahmy, Sameh S. Elhady, Douha F. Bannan, Rania T. Malatani, Haidy A. Gad
Summary: The study used a mass-based metabolomic approach to analyze the essential oil compositions of six cultivars of Citrus reticulata. The antiaging capability of the essential oils was investigated by measuring their ability to inhibit enzymes involved in aging. The results identified certain cultivars with promising potential for antiaging skincare products.
Article
Plant Sciences
Shaza H. Aly, Mahmoud A. El-Hassab, Sameh S. Elhady, Haidy A. Gad
Summary: The chemical composition of Tamarindus indica's different organs (bark, leaves, seeds, and fruits) was analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. 113 metabolites were identified, with lupeol being the most predominant component in bark and leaves, while n-Docosanoic acid and methyl tricosanoate were present in high percentages in seeds. The n-hexane extract of T. indica's various organs showed considerable anti-inflammatory and wound-healing activities.
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Alaa M. Salem, Shaimaa M. Farag, Haidy A. Gad, Eman Al-Sayed, Sherweit H. El-Ahmady
Summary: This study utilized UPLC-ESI-MS/MS and chemometric techniques to analyze the metabolite profiles of different pomegranate cultivars' peels and identified bioactive compounds with larvicidal activity. The results showed that the peel extract of the 'Black' cultivar had the strongest larvicidal effect and could be correlated with specific bioactive compounds.
PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS
(2023)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Jingmo Zhou, Shubin Wu, Ying Liu
Summary: Expenditure isolation of lignin and the understanding of its structural variations during different isolation processes are crucial for the high-value utilization of lignin. This study proposed a green deep eutectic solvent (DES) consisting of choline chloride, ethylene glycol, and 4-chlorobenzene sulfonic acid for rapid lignin separation from poplar. The structural variations of DES lignin and its relationship with alkali pre-extraction of hemicellulose were investigated. The results showed that alkali pretreatment enhanced the DES separation of lignin and promoted the cleavage of specific linkages, resulting in reduced molecular weight and thermal stability of isolated DES lignin. Moreover, DES lignin obtained from integrated utilization displayed higher purity and S/G ratio compared to lignin obtained from direct DES treatment.
INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS
(2024)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Yuping Li, Ziyan Xie, Yun Huang, Jiangyi Zeng, Chao Yang, Ling Yuan, Ying Wang, Yongqing Li
Summary: In this study, the characteristic flavonoids (CFs) of three licorice species were identified through integrated metabolic and transcriptomic analysis. The key regulators of CF biosynthesis were also identified. These findings provide valuable information for understanding the biosynthesis of CFs and future breeding of Glycyrrhiza varieties.
INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS
(2024)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Xianjie Pan, Zhaoyi Luo, Fanqi Liu, Quanqian Yi, Yanning Zeng
Summary: This study presents a novel strategy for fabricating fully bio-based epoxy vitrimers using peach gum and itaconic acid, which exhibit superior mechanical properties and thermostability. The materials were characterized and the self-healing and recycling capabilities were evaluated. The results demonstrate the potential of using these materials for sustainable industrial applications.
INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS
(2024)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Mohsen Sabzi-Nojadeh, Mohammad Pouresmaeil, Mina Amani, Mehdi Younessi-Hamzekhanlu, Filippo Maggi
Summary: This study shows that inoculating Summer savory plants with endophytic fungus Trichoderma harzianum can improve plant growth and increase salt tolerance. The fungus enhances growth, restores chlorophyll and antioxidant levels, reduces harmful substances, and increases proline and soluble sugar levels, thereby increasing crop productivity in saline conditions.
INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS
(2024)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Yu Liu, Lei Li, Aichen Zhao, Xiuming Song, Lulu Wei, Mengdi Fang, Chuchu Zheng, Xiaodong Zhu
Summary: This study investigates the impact of peppermint essential oil microcapsules on the unpleasant odor emissions from wax oil coated wood products. The results show that microcapsules can improve the time and stability of odor release.
INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS
(2024)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Mesut Budak, Mirac Kilic, Hikmet Guenal, Ismail Velik, Mesut Sirri
Summary: This study assessed land suitability for rapeseed production using topography, climate, and soil data by analytical hierarchy process (AHP) and the Mamdani Fuzzy Inference System (MFIS). The study area covered land in the Diyarbakir province of southeastern Turkiye. The results indicated the proportions of different land suitability classes and showed the compatibility of AHP and MFIS methods in assessing suitability.
INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS
(2024)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Rui Tian, Yue Liu, Chao Wang, Weikun Jiang, Srinivas Janaswamy, Guihua Yang, Xingxiang Ji, Gaojin Lyu
Summary: In this study, hollow and solid lignin nanoparticles were synthesized through self-assembly and their application in PVA nanocomposite films was investigated. The results showed that the presence of hollow lignin nanoparticles in the films resulted in a room-like network structure, while the solid lignin nanoparticles induced different structural changes. The inclusion of LNPs improved the mechanical properties of the films, and both types of LNPs exhibited good hydrophobicity.
INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS
(2024)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Marcos Vinicius Silva de Andrade, Simone Ribeiro Lucho, Renato Delmondez de Castro, Paulo Roberto Ribeiro
Summary: Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni, commonly known as stevia, is a widely cultivated shrub with highly sweetening metabolites. It has gained significant interest in the food and beverage industries due to its extremely sweet taste and various health benefits. Researchers are currently focused on studying biotechnological strategies to enhance the biosynthesis of stevia plant metabolites for improved cultivation and production.
INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS
(2024)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Eleonora Cintura, Paulina Faria, Luisa Molari, Luca Barbaresi, Dario D'Orazio, Lina Nunes
Summary: This study investigated the properties of Arundo donax as a building material and found that it has strong adaptability, high hygroscopicity, and unique sound absorption behavior. The mechanical tests also demonstrated the applicability of the Arundo donax-based composite. This opens up new possibilities for the further application of Arundo donax-based materials.
INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS
(2024)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Stiina Kotiranta, Juha-Matti Pihlava, Titta Kotilainen, Pauliina Palonen
Summary: The effect of light spectra, particularly far-red and short wavelength radiation, on the growth and secondary metabolites of cannabis is significant. Altering the R:FR ratio can increase the concentration and yield of secondary metabolites, while short wavelength radiation does not significantly affect plant morphology and secondary metabolite concentrations.
INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS
(2024)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Xuze Liu, Fangmin Liang, Jinyuan Cheng, Xuelian Zhou, Jia Wang, Guigan Fang, Kuizhong Shen, Xianzhi Meng, Chen Huang, Arthur J. Ragauskas
Summary: A novel Na2S-facilitated DES pretreatment method was proposed to fractionate moso bamboo, which achieved high lignin removal and preserved most cellulose and hemicellulose with excellent enzymatic digestibility.
INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS
(2024)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Zechun Ren, Xinyuan Zhou, Kejiao Ding, Tong Ji, Hao Sun, Xiang Chi, Yunzhao Wei, Min Xu
Summary: This study prepared a thermal/magnetic/light-triggered multi-stimuli responsive shape memory polymer composite with excellent properties by adding magnetic nanoparticles into a polyurethane composite. The composite showed high shape recovery rate, fast response behavior, and suitability for 3D printing. Controllable external stimuli allowed for dynamic, remote, and precise control of 4D transformations. This work is significant for the design of smart materials and devices.
INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS
(2024)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Yurany Camacho Ardila, Jaiver Efren Jaimes Figueroa, Maria Regina Wolf Maciel
Summary: The higher heating value (HHV) and elemental composition are important properties of biomass, and their prediction using proximate and ultimate analysis is accurate.
INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS
(2024)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Xiaohan Chen, Xianke Wang, Lili Shang, Xinxin Ma, Changhua Fang, Benhua Fei, Huanrong Liu, Shuqin Zhang
Summary: This study focuses on the comprehensive characterization of the three-dimensional (3D) structure of bamboo parenchyma and the evaluation of its tensile and compressive properties, as well as the analysis of its failure mechanisms. The study found that the measured tensile strength and elastic modulus of the parenchyma tissue are 48.81 MPa and 706.48 MPa, respectively. Compression failure modes in parenchyma tissue encompass compression bending and cell fracture, shear failure of the middle lamella, and detachment and debonding of the cell wall.
INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS
(2024)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Tianfeng Liu, Yuxin Liu, Yunlin Fu, Mengji Qiao, Penglian Wei, Zhigao Liu, Yingjian Li
Summary: This study explored the formation mechanism of agarwood induced by fungus and its potential application in high-quality and high-yielding agarwood production. The results showed that the transition layer played a critical role in the continuous accumulation of agarwood, and the parenchyma cells of the xylem rays and interxylary phloem were the main action site of fungus. The accumulation and distribution of chemical composition in different layers were also investigated. The study identified the drivers of specific compounds and provided a theoretical foundation for future agarwood production.
INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS
(2024)