Article
Engineering, Environmental
Huijun Su, Shaobo Shi, Ming Zhu, Jianhua Li, Guanyong Su
Summary: A method to quantify liquid crystal monomers (LCMs) in sediment samples was developed and LCMs were found in samples from rivers, Taihu Lake, and e-waste recycling sites, providing initial evidence for their occurrence in sediment samples.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Xiaodong Xu, Ting Wang, Yanliang Wen, Xin Wen, Xuecheng Chen, Chuncheng Hao, Qingquan Lei, Ewa Mijowska
Summary: Heteroatom-doped three-dimensional porous carbons were synthesized using a self-assembling and template self-activation strategy. The resulting carbon material showed outstanding electrochemical performance, making it a promising candidate for high-performance energy storage devices.
JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Polymer Science
Weimiao Lu, Zhenfu Jin
Summary: Intumescent flame retardants (IFR) containing phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N)-containing diphenols (DH, DV, and DS) were successfully synthesized and characterized. These compounds showed good flame retardancy and thermal stability when incorporated into rigid polyurethane (RPU) foams, indicating their potential as effective flame retardant additives.
POLYMER DEGRADATION AND STABILITY
(2022)
Article
Polymer Science
Kexin Chen, Dong Yang, Yongqian Shi, Yuezhan Feng, Libi Fu, Chuan Liu, Ming Chen, Fuqiang Yang
Summary: The design of high-performance compounded flame retardants based on multielement is crucial for reducing the flammability of polymer materials. The introduction of a new N-P-Cu containing supermolecular assembly network (MPCSN) flame retardant into TPU/SiAPP composites significantly improved their thermal and flame retardant performances. The synergistic effect of SiAPP and MPCSN resulted in strong flame suppression and reduced FIGRA and Av-EHC values.
POLYMERS FOR ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Yufeng Quan, Ruiqing Shen, Christian Schweizer, Pradeep Parajuli, Zhuoran Zhang, Waruna Kulatilaka, Qingsheng Wang
Summary: The use of zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs) can enhance the flame retardancy of polypropylene composites, reduce the release of toxic byproducts during combustion, and provide an environmentally friendly and cost-effective strategy to suppress potential fire hazards from synthetic polymers.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
N. David Mathan, D. Ponraju, C. T. Vijayakumar
Summary: "The thermal degradation behavior of spirophosphates synthesized using various phenols was studied, showing multistage degradations with clear substituent effects. Among them, SDP performed the best in terms of thermal properties, while SDTMP exhibited the highest apparent activation energy value."
BULLETIN OF MATERIALS SCIENCE
(2021)
Review
Chemistry, Applied
Kesavarao Sykam, Shaik Syed Hussain, Sajan Sivanandan, Ramanuj Narayan, Pratyay Basak
Summary: The flammable nature of wood limits its potential applications in the furniture and building industries. Coating wood with flame retardants (FRs) is recommended to reduce the risk of fire. Non-halogenated FRs have become more popular than halogenated FRs due to concerns over their carcinogenicity and bio-accumulation. It is also recommended to use solvent-free or environmentally friendly solvents for these coatings, with the UV-assisted curing process being advantageous in avoiding solvents.
PROGRESS IN ORGANIC COATINGS
(2023)
Article
Polymer Science
Xingyu Zhou, Rui Yu, Junhui Jiang, Junbo Dang, Jiashuang Luan, Guibin Wang, Mei Zhang
Summary: This study introduced a new method of simultaneously incorporating nano Calcium Carbonate (nCC) and Octaphenylsilsesquioxane (OPS) into poly ether ether ketone (PEEK) as flame retardants, addressing issues of melt flowage and decreased fire resistance. The nanocomposites showed improved dispersion and lower thermal decomposition rate compared to pristine PEEK. Cone calorimeter tests demonstrated significant reductions in peak heat release rate, smoke production rate, and total smoke production. Furthermore, TG-MS analysis revealed a synergistic flame retardant effect of nCC and OPS. Additionally, PEEK nanocomposite fibers exhibited similar flame retardant properties to the PEEK nanocomposite material, indicating potential applications in high-performance flame retardant fabrics.
POLYMER DEGRADATION AND STABILITY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Zhengwei Yang, Guoqing Xiao, Chunlin Chen, Chunyan Chen, Fei Zhong, Min Cao, Mingtan Wang, Rui Zou, Ruili Li, Yuanyuan Li
Summary: A novel integrated green intumescent flame retardant, mBN@LDH@PATP, was designed and used as a filler to improve the fire safety of epoxy resins. It effectively promoted the longitudinal barrier and lateral diffusion of heat and successfully promoted the catalytic carbonization of pyrolytic volatiles and their adsorption.
PROGRESS IN ORGANIC COATINGS
(2023)
Review
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Akhila Raman, Avani Sankar, S. D. Abhirami, Abhirami Anilkumar, Appukuttan Saritha
Summary: The modification of textiles through the incorporation of nanofillers, particularly lignin, has emerged as a promising field of research. By utilizing lignin as a biowaste material, sustainable textiles with properties such as UV blocking, flame retardancy, and antimicrobial capabilities can be created. This review highlights the potential of lignin chemistry in modifying textile properties and enhancing the performance of lignin/polymer composites. The UV blocking efficiency, flame retardancy, and antimicrobial properties imparted by lignin to textiles are discussed, along with considerations of durability and comfort. A comprehensive analysis of lignin-based textiles is provided, comparing them to other commonly used fillers in the textile industry.
MACROMOLECULAR MATERIALS AND ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Polymer Science
Mahipal Meena, Prasun Roy, Josemon Jacob
Summary: This work focuses on the development of flame-retardant poly(urethane-imide) copolymer films with anti-drip properties for specialized applications. Various PUI formulations with different flame retardants were prepared to achieve UL-94 VTM-0 rating without melt drip. Thermogravimetric analysis showed multi-step degradation of PUI. Flame-retardant additives operated through condensed phase mechanism, reducing initial degradation temperature and increasing char yield. SEM imaging revealed intumescent behavior of PUI with APP and PEPA additives, making them effective flame retardants. Introduction of 25% APP and 25% PEPA resulted in VTM-0 and VTM-1 ratings respectively, without melt drip. DOPO, a vapor phase flame retardant, also proved effective with 25% introduction resulting in VTM-0 rating. Conventional phosphate-based flame retardants were relatively ineffective. Interestingly, mechanical properties of PUI improved significantly with flame-retardant additives. These flame-retardant PUIs with anti-drip properties exhibit excellent potential for mandatory flame retardant applications.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Polymer Science
Bing-Chiuan Shiu, Kunlin Wu, Ching-Wen Lou, Qi Lin, Jia-Horng Lin
Summary: The study utilized melamine and ammonium phosphate to formulate flame retardants, synthesized a compound phosphorus-nitrogen intumescent flame retardant with diatomite, and cross-linked with raw lacquer to form RL/IFR membranes, which exhibited better combustion resistance and thermal stability than pure RL membranes.
Article
Forestry
Arne Schirp, Benjamin Schwarz
Summary: Various fire-retardants were tested for their effectiveness in wood flour-based composites of high-density polyethylene and polypropylene. Characterization of composite materials was done through small-scale flammability tests and determination of phosphorus leaching during compounding. Evaluation of fire performance and tensile strength properties of the composites were conducted through artificial weathering trials and tests.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF WOOD AND WOOD PRODUCTS
(2021)
Article
Polymer Science
Ahmed M. Elbarbary, M. A. Elhady, Yasser H. Gad
Summary: This study developed a nanocomposite material using a coating method to improve the properties of cotton fabric. The treated fabric showed excellent waterproof and flame retardant properties. The results suggest that this coating technique has great potential for various applications.
JOURNAL OF INORGANIC AND ORGANOMETALLIC POLYMERS AND MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Puzhong Gu, Tiankai Jiang, Jun Zhang
Summary: A high near-infrared reflective cooling compound with flame retardant characteristics was fabricated by incorporating Sb2O3 and DBDPE into EVA. The addition of Sb2O3 and DBDPE significantly reduced the temperature of the compound, showing good performance under sunlight exposure and indoors.
JOURNAL OF VINYL & ADDITIVE TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Polymer Science
Qingshan Yang, Jun Wang, Shuang Yang, Siqi Huo, Pingan Song, Zhengping Fang, Hao Wang
Summary: A phosphorus-containing aliphatic amine curing agent (DPT) was synthesized and used as a flame-retardant curing agent for epoxy resin systems. The introduction of phosphorus-based group reduced the curing activity. The DPT-containing EP systems exhibited improved flame retardancy and smoke suppression due to the bi-phase flame-retardant action of DPT.
JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Polymer Science
Guofeng Ye, Siqi Huo, Cheng Wang, Pingan Song, Zhengping Fang, Hao Wang, Zhitian Liu
Summary: In this study, a novel hyperbranched, P-P synergetic, bio-based flame retardant (DIT) was synthesized, which could enhance the fire safety, mechanical properties, thermal resistance and transparency of epoxy resins. The addition of 2 wt% DIT enabled the EP/2DIT sample to achieve a UL-94 V-0 rating and a limiting oxygen index (LOI) of 36.6%. DIT demonstrated durable flame retardancy and improved the elongation at break, tensile strength, flexural strength and impact strength of the EP/2DIT sample. The high efficiency of DIT as a flame retardant was attributed to the synergism between DOPO and THPO.
POLYMER DEGRADATION AND STABILITY
(2023)
Article
Polymer Science
Di Zhang, Weihong Cao, Zhenghong Guo, Hongqiang Yan, Zhengping Fang, Peng Chen, Juan Li
Summary: Researchers have developed a flame-retardant polymer called vitrimer by incorporating an epoxy monomer with a phosphonate group. By adding specific acid monomers, they were able to regulate the structure and properties of the polymer. The vitrimer showed excellent flame retardancy, recyclability, and shape memory performance.
POLYMER DEGRADATION AND STABILITY
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Miaohong Yao, Linghui Liu, Changchang Ma, Huan Zhang, Yan Zhang, Ruiyin Song, Zhengping Fang, Pingan Song
Summary: In this study, a bio-based sol solution was designed and prepared to improve the flame retardancy and crystallinity of polylactide (PLA), and enhance its degradability in water. The addition of a bio-based flame retardant and polyethylene glycol (PEG) resulted in PLA achieving UL94 V-0 flame retardant rating and a limited oxygen index (LOI) value of 29.4%. Furthermore, the sol solution accelerated the degradation rate of PLA in water. The study also found that degraded PLA and the flame retardant were released as oligomers during the hydrolysis process.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Cheng Wang, Siqi Huo, Guofeng Ye, Zhengping Fang, Hao Wang, Zhitian Liu
Summary: Novel ZrP-D nanosheets were synthesized and used in intumescent fire-retardant coatings (IFRCs), showing improved fire resistance, smoke suppression, thermal stability and water tolerance. The introduction of 3wt% ZrP-D reduced the backside temperature of IFRC by approximately 43.4% and significantly reduced peak heat release rate, total heat release and total smoke release. The IFRC also exhibited enhanced thermal stability and water tolerance with char yield reaching 64% and water contact angle of 82.7 degrees. This study provides a rational design for creating IFRCs with smoke suppression and water resistance, which has promising industrial applications.
JOURNAL OF COATINGS TECHNOLOGY AND RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Polymer Science
Bingtao Wang, Runfeng Ye, Zhenghong Guo, Juan Li, Zhengping Fang, Shiya Ran
Summary: CeHPP was synthesized and introduced into PC/DBDPO to improve the flame retardancy. The flame retardancy of PC/DBDPO/Sb2O3 and PC/DBDPO/CeHPP composites were compared. CeHPP showed a better synergistic effect with DBDPO than Sb2O3. The char-barrier effect of CeHPP transferred the free-radical-trapping effect of BFRs from the gaseous phase to the condensed phase, inhibiting the release and spread of gases and smoke.
JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Jinhao Sun, Di Zhang, Yong Yang, Zhenghong Guo, Zhengping Fang, Peng Chen, Juan Li
Summary: A bio-based flame retardant TFD was synthesized and used to improve the flame retardancy of polyamide 6 (PA6). A bio-based chain extender EDPDO was utilized to regulate the mechanical properties of PA6. A combination of 8 wt% TFD and 1 wt% EDPDO in PA6 achieved a UL-94 V0 rating, with improved mechanical properties. The improved flame retardancy in the UL-94 test was mainly attributed to the melting-away effect, while poor adhesion among char particles resulted in the formation of smoke.
REACTIVE & FUNCTIONAL POLYMERS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Junhua Ding, Jinggang Wang, Weihong Cao, Huajun Zheng, Zhenghong Guo, Zhengping Fang, Peng Chen, Juan Li
Summary: A bio-based phosphonate, DPGE, was synthesized and used to enhance the flame retardancy of PEFT20. PEFT20 containing 8 wt% DPGE exhibited excellent flame retardant properties with a UL-94 V0 rating and a limiting oxygen index of 29.8 vol %. The mechanical performance of PEFT20/DPGE was regulated by incorporating TGIC, which improved the flexural and impact strengths of the blend but also counteracted the melting-away effect caused by DPGE, resulting in a decrease in flame retardancy.
ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Li Zhang, Qian Zhang, Weihong Cao, Zhenghong Guo, Zhengping Fang, Juan Li, Peng Chen
Summary: A phosphorous-silicon hybrid microsphere (SiP-M) was synthesized using a phosphorous-silicon precursor, and it was employed to enhance the flame retardancy of poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT). The addition of SiP-M reduced the flammability of PBAT, and the use of a coupling agent KH560 improved the interface adhesion between PBAT and SiP-M, enhancing the tensile strength and elongation at the break of PBAT blends. This work provides an efficient method for preparing flame retardant PBAT without compromising its mechanical properties.
COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Polymer Science
Wei Zhang, Hui Li, Weihong Cao, Zhenghong Guo, Zhengping Fang, Juan Li, Peng Chen
Summary: In this study, an organophosphorus flame retardant (BHD) and a charring-coupling agent (DE) were synthesized and coated on aluminum diethylphosphinate (ADP) to form BD-ADP. PA6 blended with 12 wt% BD-ADP achieved a UL-94 V-0 rating and a limiting oxygen index of 30.0 vol%. By substituting 1.0 wt% DE for BD-ADP, PA6-1.0E not only achieved a UL-94 V-0 rating, but also exhibited a longer ignition time and improved mechanical properties compared to PA6-12A.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Polymer Science
Juan Chai, Wei Feng, Hongqiang Yan, Yan Xia, Yong Yang, Bingtao Wang, Juan Li, Zhengping Fang, Zhenghong Guo
Summary: A lamellar cerium phenylphosphonate (CeHPP) was synthesized through a reflux method and combined with aluminum diethylphosphinate (ADP) to prepare flame retardant carbon fiber reinforced polyamide 6 (PA6/CF) composites, achieving improved flame retardancy and elimination of the candlewick effect caused by CFs.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Polymer Science
Yao Xu, Bingtao Wang, Zhenghong Guo, Zhengping Fang, Juan Li, Peng Chen
Summary: A dopamine-triazine compound (TTD) was synthesized using dopamine and cyanuric chloride to improve the flame retardancy of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU). Combining TTD and ammonium polyphosphate (APP) also enhanced the mechanical properties of TPU blends. TPU containing 8 wt% APP achieved a UL-94 V0 rating and a limiting oxygen index (LOI) of 30.0 vol%. When APP and TTD were combined at a ratio of 7/1 (wt%/wt%), TPU only required 5 wt% flame retardant to achieve a UL-94 V0 rating, demonstrating a synergistic effect between APP and TTD.
POLYMERS FOR ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Jinhao Sun, Di Zhang, Bingtao Wang, Yan Xia, Yanhui Zhang, Zhenghong Guo, Zhengping Fang, Juan Li, Peng Chen
Summary: A star-shaped flame retardant containing Si/P/B (SiFAD) was synthesized to enhance the performance of epoxy (EP) in terms of flame retardancy, toughness, and transparency. The addition of 6 wt% SiFAD to EP resulted in UL-94 V0 rating and a limiting oxygen index (LOI) of 34.7 vol%. SiFAD promoted early degradation of EP, increased char formation at high temperature, and improved flame retardancy through both gas and condensed phase actions. Tensile and impact strength of EP were enhanced, with EP containing 4 wt% SiFAD showing 139% higher impact strength (15.8 kJ/m2) compared to pure EP. Furthermore, SiFAD facilitated microphase separation in EP composites, enabling good transparency.
REACTIVE & FUNCTIONAL POLYMERS
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Bingtao Wang, Yu Zhang, Juan Li, Zhengping Fang, Zhenghong Guo, Shiya Ran
Summary: In this study, a flame retardant containing sulfonate and phosphazene moieties (HSPP) was synthesized and applied to PC to improve flame retardancy properties without sacrificing transparency. The results showed that a low loading of HSPP (0.04wt%) could significantly improve the flame retardancy of PC, achieving a 30.4% increase in LOI, V-0 rating in UL-94, 25% reduction in THR, and 45% reduction in COY in the cone calorimetry test. The flame retardancy mechanism was attributed to the synergistic carbonization of sulfonates and phosphazene moieties from HSPP and the enhanced barrier effect of PC residual char layer with high graphitization and integrity quality. The transparency and mechanical properties of the PC composite were well maintained due to the low-loading of HSPP.
ACS APPLIED POLYMER MATERIALS
(2023)
