Review
Immunology
Emilio G. Vozza, Michelle E. Mulcahy, Rachel M. McLoughlin
Summary: The success of Staphylococcus aureus as a human commensal and opportunistic pathogen lies in its ability to adapt to various niches within the host. Evading the host's innate immune response, S. aureus can parasitize phagocytes and manipulate the autophagy pathway to create an intracellular survival niche. Neutrophils play a critical role in S. aureus infection, with the bacterium surviving and potentially impacting host signaling pathways for its own benefit.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Julia C. Lang, Elena A. Seiss, Adriana Moldovan, Mathias Muesken, Till Sauerwein, Martin Fraunholz, Andreas J. Mueller, Oliver Goldmann, Eva Medina
Summary: The capacity of Staphylococcus aureus to survive and persist within phagocytic cells has been associated with antibiotic treatment failure and recurrent infections. In this study, the researchers used a reporter system to distinguish between intracellular bacteria with high and low metabolic activity and found that as the infection progresses, intracellular S. aureus transitions from a high metabolic state to a low metabolic dormant-like state. This process seems to be driven by the level of stress encountered in the intracellular niche. The study suggests that effective therapies for S. aureus infections should target both high metabolic bacteria and intracellular dormant-like S. aureus.
Article
Polymer Science
Xiaomei Dai, Lele Yang, Yongjie Zhang, Yu Li, Xiaojun Liu, Qingqing Xu, Feng Gao
Summary: Intracellular bacterial infections are difficult to treat due to resistant mechanisms developed by intracellular bacteria. This study developed a new host-defense peptide-mimicking polymer nanoparticle to eradicate intracellular bacteria by its antibacterial and immunomodulatory properties.
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Wang Peilin, Peng Ying, Wang Renyuan, Li Zhuoxuan, Yang Zhenwu, Zhao Mai, Song Jianguo, Zhang Hao, Yin Gang, Lin Lin, Lin Haodong
Summary: By inhibiting the NF-κB signaling pathway, 50 nm gold nanoparticles (Au50) can induce M2 polarization in macrophages and stimulate the inflammatory response by inhibiting the MAPK signaling pathway. They enhance the phagocytic ability of macrophages against bacteria and promote the osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Therefore, Au50 nanoparticles can be utilized as a promising nanomaterial for in vivo treatment of infections.
MATERIALS TODAY BIO
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Colleen S. Curran, Lindsay M. Busch, Yan Li, Cui Xizhong, Junfeng Sun, Peter Q. Eichacker, Parizad Torabi-Parizi
Summary: In this study, it was found that anti-PD-L1 therapy did not improve survival in pneumonia models in mice, suggesting the need for further preclinical studies on other common pathogens and septic foci.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Xiaolu Xie, Zhihao Chen, Mingxiao Han, Xi Wang, Min Wang, Jingnan Lv, Xiaofang Xie, Yaxuan Zhai, Liubing Li, Hong Du, Zonggang Xie, Haifang Zhang
Summary: This study investigates the expression profile of host circRNAs in intracellular S. aureus infection and identifies potential circRNA biomarkers for S. aureus diagnosis. The study confirms the upregulation of two circRNAs in both THP-1 derived macrophages and human serum samples, suggesting their potential as diagnostic markers.
MICROBIAL PATHOGENESIS
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Zhihao Chen, Zonggang Xie, Mingxiao Han, Qiyuan Jin, Ziyuan Li, Yaxuan Zhai, Minxing Zhang, Gangfeng Hu, Haifang Zhang
Summary: Osteomyelitis is a challenging condition to treat, and its increasing prevalence is a significant issue in joint replacement procedures. Staphylococcus aureus is the primary pathogen associated with osteomyelitis. Circular RNAs (circRNAs), a type of noncoding RNA, have been found to play important roles in various physiopathological processes and may provide new insights into osteomyelitis. However, the specific roles of circRNAs in the development of osteomyelitis are not well understood.
INFECTION AND IMMUNITY
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Erik T. Nesson, Susan A. McDowell
Summary: An emerging therapeutic approach in the treatment of infectious disease is to augment the host response through repurposing of well-tolerated, non-antibiotic, host-directed therapeutics. However, the therapeutic benefit of statin use in complex infection settings is still controversial, and potential biases in observational studies may lead to an overestimation of the benefits.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Breno A. B. Salgado, Elaine M. Waters, Josephine C. Moran, Aras Kadioglu, Malcolm J. Horsburgh
Summary: Staphylococcus aureus nasal colonization is a risk factor for infection, and the genetic factors promoting long-term nasal colonization are not fully understood. In this study, a murine model of nasopharyngeal colonization was used to identify genetic loci under selection. Mutations in key metabolism genes and stress response genes were identified after successive rounds of colonization. The versatility of this model allows for further studies on colonization, persistence, and evolution.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Fanny Alby-Laurent, Nadia Belaidouni, Benoit Blanchet, Christophe Rousseau, Jean-Francois Llitjos, Sylvia Sanquer, Jean-Paul Mira, Frederic Pene, Julie Toubiana, Jean-Daniel Chiche
Summary: Regulators of TLRs signaling pathways, such as mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), have been shown to play a role in controlling the pro-inflammatory response in sepsis-induced tissue injury. This study found that low-dose MMF treatment improved survival and bacterial clearance in mice infected with Staphylococcus aureus. MMF also enhanced the innate immune response and reduced inflammatory cytokine secretion. The results suggest that MMF has potential as a therapeutic approach for severe infections.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Yang Zong, Haojie Shan, Fuli Yin, Xin Ma, Chaolai Jiang, Nan Wang, Lihui Zhou, Yiwei Lin, Zubin Zhou, Xiaowei Yu
Summary: Deficiency of DCAF1 in macrophages may exacerbate symptoms of osteomyelitis, including reduced bacterial load and bone loss.
JOURNAL OF INFLAMMATION RESEARCH
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Josefien W. Hommes, Bas G. J. Surewaard
Summary: MRSA infections pose a global health threat and have a high mortality rate. In addition to being an extracellular pathogen, MRSA can also survive and replicate intracellularly, using the antimicrobial environment of phagocytes to evade immune cells and antibiotics. The intracellular niche of bacteria may contribute to the development of antibiotic tolerance, and there are various new antibacterial strategies targeting this intracellular bacterial niche.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Zhixue Song, Suleman Shah, Baixue Lv, Ning Ji, Xin Liu, Lifang Yan, Murad Khan, Yufang Zhao, Peiyuan Wu, Shufeng Liu, Long Zheng, Libo Su, Xiufang Wang, Zhanjun Lv
Summary: Research shows that SINE antisense RNA inhibits the aging process by enhancing antioxidant activity and modulating the expression of aging-associated genes, demonstrating anti-aging effects.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Tomasz K. Prajsnar, Justyna J. Serba, Bernice M. Dekker, Josie F. Gibson, Samrah Masud, Angeleen Fleming, Simon A. Johnston, Stephen A. Renshaw, Annemarie H. Meijer
Summary: The study reveals that intracellular autophagy in neutrophils may have both beneficial and detrimental effects on hosts infected with Staphylococcus aureus, with different pathways leading to conflicting outcomes.
Article
Immunology
Yasemin Ogul, Fatma Gur, Mustafa Cengiz, Bahri Gur, Refik Ali Sari, Ahmet Kiziltunc
Summary: This study evaluated the oxidant and anti-oxidant levels of RA patients and their impacts on disease activity through in silico studies. Results showed increased oxidative stress, weakened defense system, and increased ROS production in RA patients. Additionally, molecular docking studies confirmed the results on SOD and CAT activity.
INTERNATIONAL IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
