期刊
IMMUNOTHERAPY
卷 6, 期 4, 页码 459-475出版社
FUTURE MEDICINE LTD
DOI: 10.2217/imt.14.9
关键词
antibody; cancer; checkpoint inhibitor; immunotherapy; melanoma; non-small-cell lung cancer; PD-1; PD-L1; 2; renal cell carcinoma
类别
资金
- Bristol-Myers Squibb
- Medimmune
- ArQuele
Cancer cells employ several mechanisms to evade the immune system of their host, thus escaping immune recognition and elimination. Of particular interest is a cancer cell's ability to co-opt the immune system's innate ligands and inhibitory receptors (also known as checkpoints), thus creating an immunosuppressive microenvironment that downregulates T-cell activation and cell signaling. The recent development of the checkpoint inhibitors anti-programmed death-1 and anti-programmed death ligand-1 has generated an enormous amount of interest as a potential new anticancer strategy in solid tumors, particularly in non-small-cell lung cancer, renal cell carcinoma and melanoma. Data suggest significant disease response rates using anti-programmed death-1 and anti-programmed death ligand-1 antibodies, even in heavily pretreated patients. Future directions include optimization of drug delivery sequence and combination of immunotherapy with other therapies including cytotoxic chemotherapy, radiation, antiangiogenic agents and small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors.
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