Review
Immunology
Nanxin Liu, Xiaoxiao Pang, Hua Zhang, Ping Ji
Summary: The cGAS-STING pathway is crucial in protecting the host against viral infections and has also been found to play a role in response to bacterial infections. However, its functions in bacterial infections are more complex and diverse compared to viral infections, as the effects on the host vary depending on the bacterial species and infection mode.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Microbiology
Zachary White, Ivan Cabrera, Isabel Kapustka, Teruyuki Sano
Summary: Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract caused by dysregulation of the immune system. The role of commensal bacteria in IBD is crucial and understanding the functions of beneficial and harmful bacteria can lead to new drug targets. Advancement in microbiome studies using next-generation sequencing and germ-free animal models has provided insights into the complex relationship between the microbiota and the immune system in IBD.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yuri Haneishi, Yuma Furuya, Mayu Hasegawa, Antonio Picarelli, Mauro Rossi, Junki Miyamoto
Summary: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a rapidly increasing inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal tract worldwide. Recent research suggests that factors such as genetics, environment, microbiota, and immune responses are involved in its development, but the underlying causes are unclear. Dysbiosis of gut microbiota, particularly a decrease in specific genera, has been identified as a possible trigger for IBD. Improving gut microbiota and identifying specific bacterial species are crucial for understanding and treating IBD and autoimmune diseases.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Immunology
Gael Galli, Maya Saleh
Summary: Macrophages play crucial roles in tissue homeostasis, inflammation, and host defense by recognizing microbial or danger signals and eliciting immune responses. The interaction between cellular metabolism and macrophage innate immunity involves metabolic adaptations that modulate immune signaling and macrophage function. Intracellular bacterial pathogens can exploit macrophage metabolic pathways to evade immune defenses. This review highlights recent evidence on host-bacterial immunometabolic interactions.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Ivan Vujkovic-Cvijin, Hugh C. Welles, Connie W. Y. Ha, Lutfi Huq, Shreni Mistry, Jason M. Brenchley, Giorgio Trinchieri, Suzanne Devkota, Yasmine Belkaid
Summary: This study reports that certain commensal gut microbiota can translocate across the gut barrier in mice and humans and are associated with heightened systemic immune response. A modified high-throughput approach was developed to quantify systemic immune response against gut commensal bacteria in human serum samples without the need for paired stool samples. Several commensal bacterial species were found to elicit elevated immune response in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and exhibited increased transcriptional activity and growth rates in IBD patient gut microbiomes. This approach serves as a complementary tool to understand the interactions between host and gut microbiota and may help identify microbes associated with inflammatory diseases.
SCIENCE TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Xiaowu Bai, Weixin Liu, Hongxia Chen, Tao Zuo, Xiaojian Wu
Summary: By analyzing RNA-seq data from patients with IBD (including CD and UC) and healthy individuals, this study revealed increased numbers of immune cells in different intestinal regions and disease-specific immune features in CD and UC. These findings provide important insights into the pathogenesis of IBD and serve as a valuable resource for future targeted studies.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Giacomo Della Camera, Tinghao Liu, Wenjie Yang, Yang Li, Victor F. Puntes, Sabrina Gioria, Paola Italiani, Diana Boraschi
Summary: The study found that nanoparticles alone cannot generate memory, while LPS induces a tolerance memory response. Nanoparticles have no significant effect on LPS-induced tolerance memory, but may have donor-specific effects.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Yuling Guo, Yujia Liu, Binqi Rui, Zengjie Lei, Xixi Ning, Yinhui Liu, Ming Li
Summary: The human gastrointestinal tract contains a large number of microorganisms that are involved in various physiological functions. Imbalance in the gut microbiota is closely related to the pathogenesis of several human diseases. Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), including NK cells, ILC1s, ILC2s, ILC3s, and LTi cells, are a type of immune cells enriched in mucosal tissues and have gained extensive attention. The gut microbiota and its metabolites play important roles in intestinal mucosal diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), allergic disease, and cancer. Therefore, studying the interaction between ILCs and the gut microbiota has great clinical significance in identifying potential pharmacotherapy targets for related diseases.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Microbiology
Sean L. Carlson, Liya Mathew, Michael Savage, Klaartje Kok, James O. Lindsay, Carol A. Munro, Neil E. Mccarthy
Summary: The gut microbiome, consisting of bacteria, viruses, and fungi, plays a crucial role in the development of inflammatory bowel disease. Candida albicans, a common gut commensal and pathogenic fungus, has been extensively studied for its impact on the pathophysiology of IBD.
Article
Fisheries
Qinglin Yang, Xiaobo Yu, Chunying Du, Xin Ni, Wenyu Li, Weizhi Yao, Zhengli Wu
Summary: This study evaluated the effects of common pathogenic infections on immune function in the bivalve species Hyriopsis cumingii. The results showed that infection with different pathogens led to changes in antioxidant enzyme activities and histological alterations. Bacterial infection increased total haemocyte counts and especially the proportion of granulocytes in H. cumingii.
Article
Oncology
Wenyong Huang, Dongmei Ye, Wenjing He, Xiaoshun He, Xiaomin Shi, Yifang Gao
Summary: The study found that MAIT cells in patients with HCC had lower levels in both peripheral blood and liver compared to healthy controls, with reduced IFN-γ production. While peripheral MAIT cells showed upregulation of HLA-DR and PD-1, intrasinusoidal MAIT cells did not exhibit significant differences. Additionally, MAIT cells were significantly enriched in the livers of HCC patients, showing high levels of activation and exhaustion markers.
JOURNAL FOR IMMUNOTHERAPY OF CANCER
(2021)
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Dickson Kofi Wiredu Ocansey, Sanhua Hang, Xinyi Yuan, Hua Qian, Mengjiao Zhou, Chinasa Valerie Olovo, Xu Zhang, Fei Mao
Summary: The gut microbiome plays a crucial role in integrating environmental inputs, genetics, and immune signals to affect the host's metabolism and immune response. Changes in gut bacteria have been shown to be linked to gastrointestinal conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), suggesting the potential for improving IBD diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment through manipulating the gut microbiome. Advancements in sequencing techniques have allowed for a better understanding of the complexity of the gut microbial ecosystem, and current data shows promising results in predicting IBD compared to traditional biomarkers. This study reviews the differential potential of gut bacteria within IBD cohorts and between IBD and other gastrointestinal diseases.
Article
Microbiology
Aipeng Mao, Weigang Zhao, Yuhang Zhu, Fantao Kong, Danyang Chen, Huazhe Si, Chao Xu
Summary: This study analyzed the clinical symptoms and pathogenesis of a DSS-induced canine IBD model and evaluated the restorative effect of ginsenoside. The findings revealed that dogs with IBD exhibited decreased mental state, disrupted colonic tissue structure, and reduced diversity of the colonic mucosal bacterial community. Ginsenoside treatment improved these symptoms and reversed the relative abundance of some bacterial communities.
Review
Cell Biology
Matthew Luzentales-Simpson, Yvonne C. F. Pang, Ada Zhang, James A. Sousa, Laura M. Sly
Summary: Inflammatory bowel diseases are characterized by chronic inflammation along the gastrointestinal tract due to excessive leukocyte infiltration. Current treatments include aminosalicylates, corticosteroids, immunosuppressants, and biologics such as anti-TNF antibodies, although some patients may become unresponsive to anti-TNF therapy.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Julian Roewe, Sarah Walachowski, Arjun Sharma, Kayleigh A. Berthiaume, Christoph Reinhardt, Markus Bosmann
Summary: Polyphosphates are polymers of inorganic phosphates that exist in all living cells and have various functions. This study demonstrates that long-chain polyphosphates induce the release of CXCL4 from macrophages and promote acute lung injury. Polyphosphates can synergize with other factors to enhance CXCL4 release. This research provides insights into the immunomodulatory role of polyphosphates and their potential contribution to lung injury.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
