期刊
IMMUNOLOGICAL REVIEWS
卷 254, 期 -, 页码 114-142出版社
WILEY
DOI: 10.1111/imr.12063
关键词
HIV; immunology; tuberculosis; cryptococcosis; hepatitis B; hepatitis C; malaria; immune restoration disease
类别
资金
- Australian Commonwealth Government for the Australian Postgraduate Award
- Australian NHMRC (National Health and Medical Research Council) Postgraduate Scholarship
- Pfizer Neuroscience Research Grant
- Mathilde Krim Biomedical Fellowship from the American Foundation for AIDS Research
- Australian Postgraduate Association scholarship
- NHMRC [628611, 510448]
- Reach Initiative (Research and Education in HIV/AIDS for Resource Poor Countries)
- National Institutes of Health (NIH) [U19 AI096109]
Despite significant reductions in morbidity and mortality secondary to availability of effective combination anti-retroviral therapy (cART), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection still accounts for 1.5million deaths annually. The majority of deaths occur in sub-Saharan Africa where rates of opportunistic co-infections are disproportionately high. In this review, we discuss the immunopathogenesis of five common infections that cause significant morbidity in HIV-infected patients globally. These include co-infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Cryptococcus neoformans, hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, and Plasmodium falciparum. Specifically, we review the natural history of each co-infection in the setting of HIV, the specific immune defects induced by HIV, the effects of cART on the immune response to the co-infection, the pathogenesis of immune restoration disease (IRD) associated with each infection, and advances in the areas of prevention of each co-infection via vaccination. Finally, we discuss the opportunities and gaps in knowledge for future research.
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