Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Sneha Ratnapriya, Eva Perez-Greene, Luca Schifanella, Alon Herschhorn
Summary: Protection from HIV acquisition may require an effective vaccine that elicits antibodies against HIV-1 envelope glycoproteins, with adjuvants playing a crucial role in enhancing immune responses. Various adjuvants have been used in combination with HIV-1 envelope glycoproteins in recent years, showing potential to improve antibody responses and guide specific antibody formation.
Review
Microbiology
Rogier W. Sanders, John P. Moore
Summary: Most viral vaccines work by inducing neutralizing antibodies against the virus envelope or spike glycoproteins, which are engineered for stability and presentation of key epitopes to optimize vaccine performance. This technique emerged during HIV-1 Env vaccine development and has been widely applied to other viral vaccines, including SARS-CoV-2.
CELL HOST & MICROBE
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Svenja Weiss, Vincenza Itri, Ruimin Pan, Xunqing Jiang, Christina C. Luo, Lynn Morris, Delphine C. Malherbe, Philip Barnette, Jeff Alexander, Xiang-Peng Kong, Nancy L. Haigwood, Ann J. Hessell, Ralf Duerr, Susan Zolla-Pazner
Summary: The authors demonstrate that an HIV vaccine targeting the V1V2 region of gp120 is superior to whole envelope vaccines or natural infection in inducing V1V2 antibodies with anti-viral functions that correlate with protection.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Editorial Material
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Lynn Morris
Summary: mRNA technology is believed to be uniquely positioned for developing HIV vaccines, and a preclinical study has taken the first step towards this goal of eliciting broadly cross-reactive neutralizing antibodies.
Review
Immunology
Sha Li, Hangeri Liang, Shui-Hao Zhao, Xiao-Yan Yang, Zhong Guo
Summary: This review provides an overview of the advancements made in the development of protein-based pneumococcal vaccines. The key protein vaccine candidates and their vaccination results in animal studies are discussed, as well as the challenges and future directions in protein-based pneumococcal vaccine.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Immunology
Anna Hargrave, Abu Salim Mustafa, Asma Hanif, Javed H. Tunio, Shumaila Nida M. Hanif
Summary: The development of a vaccine to prevent HIV-1 infections has proven to be immensely challenging with complex biological acquisition and infection, unforeseen clinical trial disappointments, and funding issues. Progress has been made in recent years, but more research and efforts are still needed in HIV-1 vaccine development.
Article
Immunology
Xuelian Han, Zhuming Cai, Yulong Dai, He Huang, Xiangwen Cao, Yuan Wang, Yingying Fang, Gang Liu, Min Zhang, Yuhang Zhang, Binhui Yang, Wei Xue, Guangyu Zhao, Wanbo Tai, Min Li
Summary: The artificially exposed surface areas in subunit vaccines reduce their efficacy, but this can be overcome by tightly packed oligomerization. This study validates the importance of burying these exposed surfaces in vaccine design using the envelope protein domain III of Japanese encephalitis virus as a candidate.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Zekun Mu, Barton F. Haynes, Derek W. Cain
Summary: mRNA-based vaccines introduce a new approach by relying on host cells to produce antigenic proteins, offering a potential platform for protection against various diseases including HIV. This review explores the challenges of developing vaccines for HIV and outlines a vaccination strategy based on the immunology of broadly neutralizing antibody development.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Hans Kek, Annemarie Laumaea, Srihari Parise, Pantelis Poumbourios, Anna C. Hearps, Anthony Jaworowski
Summary: The study found potential differences in epitope expression on HIV-infected macrophages and T cells. Infected macrophages were more susceptible to opsonization by certain antibodies, while infected T cells were more susceptible to opsonization by different antibodies. Neutralizing antibodies were relatively ineffective at opsonizing Env on the surface of infected cells compared to cell-free virions.
ANTIVIRAL RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Rui Guo, Xingyu Yan, Yanhua Li, Jin Cui, Saurav Misra, Andrew E. Firth, Eric J. Snijder, Ying Fang
Summary: This study demonstrates that PRRSV nsp2TF interacts with the major arteriviral envelope proteins GP5 and M, promoting arterivirus assembly by antagonizing ubiquitination-dependent proteasomal degradation of these key viral structural proteins.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Nuno Taveira, Ines Figueiredo, Rita Calado, Francisco Martin, Ines Bartolo, Jose M. Marcelino, Pedro Borrego, Fernando Cardoso, Helena Barroso
Summary: Developing immunogens that can elicit broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) is crucial for the development of an effective HIV vaccine. In this study, a prime-boost vaccination strategy using vaccinia virus expressing the gp120 envelope glycoprotein of HIV-2 and a polypeptide comprising specific regions of the envelope glycoprotein was shown to elicit bNAbs against both HIV-1 and HIV-2. The findings suggest that a chimeric envelope glycoprotein containing specific regions from both viruses could be a potential vaccine immunogen to target neutralizing epitopes in both HIV-1 and HIV-2.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Camille Malburet, Laurent Leclercq, Jean-Francois Cotte, Jerome Thiebaud, Sergio Marco, Marie-Claire Nicolai, Herve Cottet
Summary: In this study, Taylor dispersion analysis (TDA) was used to characterize the interactions between a polymeric adjuvant (poly(acrylic acid), SPA09) and a vaccine antigen for Staphylococcus aureus. TDA allowed rapid determination of complex sizes and free antigen percentage, as well as interaction parameters. The results were compared with transmission electron microscopy and previous capillary electrophoresis analysis.
ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
(2021)
Review
Virology
Maria M. Plummer, Charles S. Pavia
Summary: HIV infects and destroys helper T cells to suppress the immune system, reproducing itself via a unique mechanism. HIV/AIDS patients are at higher risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection during the COVID-19 pandemic, but current vaccines have shown to be effective for them as well.
Article
Immunology
Jeong Hyun Lee, Joyce K. Hu, Erik Georgeson, Catherine Nakao, Bettina Groschel, Thamotharampillai Dileepan, Marc K. Jenkins, Gregory Seumois, Pandurangan Vijayanand, William R. Schief, Shane Crotty
Summary: The quantity of CD4 T cell help has been found to influence recruitment and competition of broadly neutralizing antibody precursor B cells in response to Env trimer immunization. This finding is crucial for designing vaccines against diseases of high interest.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Laura Matarazzo, Paulo J. G. Bettencourt
Summary: The success of mRNA-based vaccines against COVID-19 has sparked interest in mRNA technology for vaccinology. Since 2020, there has been a significant increase in the development of mRNA vaccines, with improvements in formulation design, delivery methods, and manufacturing processes. However, challenges such as high raw material costs, lack of standardization, and delivery optimization remain. mRNA technology holds promise for addressing emerging infectious diseases and hard-to-treat diseases such as malaria, tuberculosis, and HIV/AIDS.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)