Review
Physiology
Scott Epsley, Samuel Tadros, Alexander Farid, Daniel Kargilis, Sameer Mehta, Chamith S. Rajapakse
Summary: Bone remodeling is a continual process involving osteoblasts and osteoclasts, where inflammation plays a crucial role in skewing the process towards resorption. Inflammatory mediators interact with bone cells to alter the expression of regulatory factors, leading to various bone-related pathologies. Further research is needed to advance early detection and treatments for bone diseases influenced by inflammation.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Cell & Tissue Engineering
Kai-Lun Huo, Tie-Yi Yang, Wei-Wei Zhang, Jin Shao
Summary: Osteoporosis is a systemic bone disease characterized by decreased bone mass and increased risk of fragility fractures. Anti-resorption drugs and osteosynthesis drugs are effective in treating osteoporosis, but limited by their contraindications and side effects. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and their secreted exosomes have shown promising therapeutic effects in regenerative medicine. This review summarizes the regulatory effects of MSCs-derived exosomes on osteoclasts, osteoblasts, and bone immunity, and suggests that exosome therapy can be a future direction to improve bone health.
WORLD JOURNAL OF STEM CELLS
(2023)
Article
Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine
Y. Chen, H. Wang, Q. Ni, T. Wang, C. Bao, Y. Geng, Y. Lu, Y. Cao, Y. Li, L. Li, Y. Xu, W. Sun
Summary: B cells play a crucial role in periodontitis by regulating immune response, inducing tissue destruction, and eliminating periodontal pathogens. However, their role in mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) differentiation to osteoblasts in periodontitis has been poorly studied.
JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Nikolaos Giannakoulas, Ioannis Ntanasis-Stathopoulos, Evangelos Terpos
Summary: Significant progress has been made in developing therapies for multiple myeloma, but it remains incurable. Research has shed light on the genetic background of malignant plasma cells and the crucial role of the bone marrow microenvironment. The interaction between myeloma cells and components of the microenvironment is considered essential in the pathogenesis of multiple myeloma.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Liu Feixiang, Feng Yanchen, Li Xiang, Zhang Yunke, Miao Jinxin, Wang Jianru, Lin Zixuan
Summary: Oxytocin (OT) regulates bone metabolism by modifying the oxytocin receptor (OTR) through DNA methylation. It promotes parturition and breast milk secretion, inhibits tumor growth, and regulates bone formation and remodeling. OT and OTR are expressed on various bone cells including mesenchymal stem cells, osteoblasts, osteoclasts, osteocytes, chondrocytes, and adipocytes. Estrogen stimulates the synthesis of OT in osteoblasts, forming a feed-forward loop. OT and OTR play a crucial role in the OPG/RANKL signaling pathway, affecting bone resorption and formation. Additionally, OT regulates bone mass by enhancing osteocyte and chondrocyte activity. This review highlights the potential clinical use of OT and OTR in treating osteoporosis.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Sanjana Vig, Maria Helena Fernandes
Summary: This article reviews the cellular communication and the role of exosomes in the process of bone tissue remodeling. Exosomes, nanometer-sized extracellular vesicles, mediate information transfer between cells and have potential applications in maintaining bone homeostasis and repairing bone defects. The article explains the interactions between exosomes and different types of bone cells, as well as tumor cells, and explores the potential use of exosomes in bone repair and related biomaterials.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Agata Zappala, Ivana Roberta Romano, Floriana D'Angeli, Giuseppe Musumeci, Debora Lo Furno, Rosario Giuffrida, Giuliana Mannino
Summary: Gap junctions (GJs) formed by connexins (Cxs) are important for intercellular communication in skeletal tissues. The most expressed connexin, Cx43, plays a role in the formation of GJs and hemichannels (HCs) in bone cells. Through GJs, osteocytes in deep lacunae can form a functional syncytium with neighboring osteocytes and bone cells at the bone surface, allowing coordinated cell activity through the propagation of signals. Cxs and GJs have a fundamental role in skeletal development and cartilage functions, and understanding their mechanisms may contribute to therapeutic approaches for skeletal disorders.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Lidia Ibanez, Paloma Guillem-Llobat, Marta Marin, Maria Isabel Guillen
Summary: Mesenchymal stem cells have shown promising effects in the treatment of osteoarthritis, but there is a lack of research focusing on their effects on osteoclasts. Further studies are needed to support the use of mesenchymal stem cells as a therapeutic tool.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Denise Weffort, Leticia F. Adolpho, Alann T. P. Souza, Gileade P. Freitas, Helena B. Lopes, Fabiola S. Oliveira, Rayana L. Bighetti-Trevisan, Leticia Pitol-Palin, Doris H. Matsushita, Roberta Okamoto, Marcio M. Beloti, Adalberto L. Rosa
Summary: Type 1 (T1DM) and type 2 (T2DM) diabetes mellitus affect glucose metabolism and cause bone damage through various mechanisms, including the impact on osteoblasts. This study examined the osteoblast differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from rats with T1DM or T2DM and the effects of removing hyperglycemia on the osteogenic potential of these cells. The results showed that both T1DM and T2DM inhibited the osteoblast differentiation of MSCs cultured in hyperglycemic media, with T1DM having a more significant effect. Restoring normoglycemic conditions partially recovered the osteogenic potential of MSCs from rats with T1DM but not with T2DM. These findings highlight the need for targeted therapies for T1DM- or T2DM-induced bone loss, as both conditions disrupt osteoblast differentiation at different levels and likely through different mechanisms.
JOURNAL OF CELLULAR BIOCHEMISTRY
(2023)
Review
Immunology
Jie Xu, Linxin Yu, Feng Liu, Longbiao Wan, Zhenhua Deng
Summary: The complicated connections and cross talk between the skeletal system and the immune system are developing into the field of Osteoimmunology. Cytokines, such as TNF, IL, IFN, and chemokines, play a critical role in bone remodeling, particularly in the pathogenesis and development of osteoporosis. This review summarizes the effects of cytokines on osteoblasts and osteoclasts, offering a reference for the role of immunology in osteoporosis.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Wenbo Zhao, Philip Wiedemann, Eva Maria Woelfel, Mona Neven, Stephanie Peters, Thomas Imhof, Manuel Koch, Bjoern Busse, Michael Amling, Thorsten Schinke, Timur Alexander Yorgan
Summary: Col22a1, predominantly expressed in bone, deficiency may result in trabecular osteopenia and increased osteoclast numbers.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Xingzhi Wang, Nitesh Tewari, Fuyuki Sato, Keiji Tanimoto, Lakshmi Thangavelu, Makoto Makishima, Ujjal K. Bhawal
Summary: Sodium fluoride is widely used in clinical dentistry and has various effects in different tissues. Understanding its mechanisms can optimize its clinical applications.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Kok-Yong Chin, Sophia Ogechi Ekeuku, Anne Trias
Summary: Nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates cause BRONJ by inhibiting bone resorption, but GGOH shows promise in managing BRONJ, pending further research and clinical trials for validation.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Zhiqin Deng, Qian Zhang, Zhe Zhao, Yongshen Li, Xiaoqiang Chen, Zicong Lin, Zhenhan Deng, Jianquan Liu, Li Duan, Daping Wang, Wencui Li
Summary: Osteoimmunology studies the interactions between the immune system and the skeletal system, with different immune cells playing various roles in regulating osteoclasts and chondrocytes. These cells maintain a dynamic balance through multiple signaling mechanisms.
INTERNATIONAL IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Ho-Ying Wan, Rita Lih Ying Shin, Jack Chun Hin Chen, Marisa Assuncao, Dan Wang, Susie K. Nilsson, Rocky S. Tuan, Anna Blocki
Summary: The study demonstrated that supplementation of Dextran sulfate (DxS) in osteogenically induced cultures of human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) amplified the deposition of osteoblastic extracellular matrix (ECM). This enhancement led to increased collagen type I deposition and osteogenic gene expression, as well as enrichment in bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2), suggesting a potential role of DxS in promoting osteogenic differentiation by MSCs.
ACTA BIOMATERIALIA
(2022)
Article
Orthopedics
Andreas M. Seitz, Janina Leiprecht, Jonas Schwer, Anita Ignatius, Heiko Reichel, Thomas Kappe
Summary: The purpose of this study was to investigate the potential of a doubled semitendinosus (ST) and a single gracilis tendon (GT) lateral meniscus autograft to restore knee joint kinematics and tibiofemoral contact after total lateral meniscectomy (LMM). The results showed that the ST autograft significantly improved knee joint kinematics and restored tibiofemoral contact mechanics, while the GT autograft had limited effectiveness.
KNEE SURGERY SPORTS TRAUMATOLOGY ARTHROSCOPY
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Melanie Haffner-Luntzer, Birte Weber, Kazuhito Morioka, Ina Lackner, Verena Fischer, Chelsea Bahney, Anita Ignatius, Miriam Kalbitz, Ralph Marcucio, Theodore Miclau
Summary: Clinical and preclinical data suggest accelerated bone fracture healing in subjects with an additional traumatic brain injury (TBI). Mechanistically, altered metabolism and neuro-endocrine regulations have been shown to influence bone formation after combined fracture and TBI, thereby increasing the bone content in the fracture callus. However, the early inflammatory response towards fracture and TBI has not been investigated in detail so far.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Mubashir Ahmad, Nadine Stirmlinger, Irfana Jan, Ulrich Stifel, Sooyeon Lee, Marcel Weingandt, Ulrike Kelp, Juergen Bockmann, Anita Ignatius, Tobias M. Boeckers, Jan Tuckermann
Summary: Mutations in the postsynaptic scaffold protein Shank2 are associated with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and an increased risk of fractures in affected patients. This study investigates the direct role of Shank2 in regulating bone mass. The findings indicate that Shank2 is expressed in bone and plays a crucial role in osteoblast differentiation and bone formation. The interaction between Shank2 and proteins known from the central nervous system is identified as important for osteoblast differentiation.
Review
Hematology
Christina Lamers, Daniel Ricklin, John D. Lambris
Summary: The number of complement inhibitors approved for therapeutic use or in late-stage clinical trials has expanded rapidly in recent years. The sudden emergence of this area in biotech start-ups and pharmaceutical companies is surprising considering the well-established involvement of the complement system in various clinical conditions. However, the complement system has unique characteristics that have delayed its recognition as a traditional drug target, such as concerns about safety and the complexity of its involvement in biological processes.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HEMATOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Franziska Widmayer, Cornelia Neidlinger-Wilke, Fiona Witz, Jan U. Jansen, Anita Ignatius, Melanie Haffner-Luntzer, Graciosa Q. Teixeira
Summary: Postmenopausal women have an increased risk of intervertebral disc degeneration, possibly due to decreased estrogen levels. This study investigated the effects of 17-beta-estradiol (E2) and low-magnitude, high-frequency vibration (LMHFV) on intervertebral discs (IVDs). The results showed that E2 treatment had minor effects on gene expression, cellularity, and matrix metabolism, while LMHFV alone led to cell loss and increased production of IL-6. However, the combination of E2 and LMHFV had a protective effect against cell loss and decreased IL-6 production.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Verena Fischer, Jasmin Maria Buelow, Benjamin Thilo Krueger, Deniz Ragipoglu, Anna Vikman, Melanie Haffner-Luntzer, Konstantinos Katsoulis-Dimitriou, Anne Dudeck, Anita Ignatius
Summary: Previous studies have shown that an increase in mast cells in the bone marrow is associated with age-related and post-menopausal osteoporosis. However, this study found that mast cell-derived RANKL does not contribute to the development of post-menopausal osteoporosis, suggesting that other factors may be responsible for this condition.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Melanie Haffner-Luntzer, Deniz Ragipoglu, Mubashir Ahmad, Astrid Schoppa, Lena Steppe, Verena Fischer, Julia Luther, Timur Yorgan, Ernesto Bockamp, Michael Amling, Thorsten Schinke, Anita Ignatius
Summary: Despite improvements in fracture care, a percentage of fractures still heal poorly. The study investigated the potential of Wnt1 as a molecule to improve bone fracture healing. The results showed that Wnt1 promotes bone formation during fracture healing through YAP/BMP signaling. This suggests that Wnt1 could be used as a therapeutic agent for orthopedic complications.
JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Merle Stein, Florent Elefteriou, Bjorn Busse, Imke A. K. Fiedler, Ronald Young Kwon, Eric Farrell, Mubashir Ahmad, Anita Ignatius, Liam Grover, Liesbet Geris, Jan Tuckermann
Summary: Major achievements in bone research have relied on animal models and in vitro systems. However, the ethical debate surrounding animal experimentation and advancements in in vitro and in silico techniques have challenged their use. This review provides an overview of the strengths and limitations of animal models, as well as in vitro and in silico technologies, in skeletal research. The authors propose that a combination of the right animal model and state-of-the-art technology is essential for advancing bone research.
JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Lena Schroeter, Friederike Kaiser, Anna-Lena Preissler, Philipp Wohlfahrt, Oliver Kueppers, Uwe Gbureck, Anita Ignatius
Summary: To address the challenges of time-consuming and error-prone preparation of hydroxyapatite (HA) cements for bone defect treatment, researchers have developed a prefabricated magnesium phosphate cement paste based on glycerol. This ready-to-use paste can be directly applied during surgery and shows a promising degradation rate and support for bone regeneration.
ADVANCED HEALTHCARE MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Amelie Kuhn, Jana Riegger, Graciosa Q. Teixeira, Markus Huber-Lang, John D. Lambris, Cornelia Neidlinger-Wilke, Rolf E. Brenner
Summary: Terminal complement complex deposition was found in human degenerated discs. The study investigated the mechanisms and effects of terminal complement activation in annulus fibrosus (AF) cells. Complement inhibitors effectively suppressed anaphylatoxin generation and TCC deposition induced by zymosan. Gene expression of ADAMTS4, MMP1, and COX2 was influenced by C3 and C5 blockade. Degenerated endplate tissue secreted soluble factors that enhanced direct C5 cleavage. These findings suggest the functional involvement of terminal complement activation in disc degeneration and the role of degenerated tissue in complement activation.
Article
Orthopedics
Matthias Sukopp, Maoz Shemesh, Elena Pruech, Eran Linder-Ganz, Scott Hacker, Vincenzo Condello, Jonas Schwer, Anita Ignatius, Lutz Duerselen, Andreas Martin Seitz
Summary: The purpose of this in-vitro study was to examine the kinematics of an artificial, free-floating medial meniscus replacement device under dynamic loading situations and different knee joint states. A dynamic knee simulator was used to perform dynamic loading exercises on left human cadaveric knee joints to investigate the knee joint and implant kinematics. The results showed that the non-anchored free-floating device remains within the medial knee joint gap under challenging dynamic loading situations without indicating any luxation tendencies.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ORTHOPAEDICS
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Lena Steppe, Benjamin Krueger, Miriam Eva Angelica Tschaffon-Mueller, Jan-Moritz Ramge, Astrid Schoppa, Anita Ignatius, Melanie Haffner-Luntzer
Summary: External mechanostimulation induced by LMHFV has different effects on fracture healing in estrogen-competent and estrogen-deficient rodents. ER alpha signaling in osteoblasts is required for these effects, with ligand-dependent and -independent ER alpha signaling playing different roles. The AF-2 domain of the ER alpha receptor is crucial for the negative effects of vibration during bone fracture healing in estrogen-competent mice, suggesting that the osteoanabolic effects of vibration are mediated by ligand-independent ER alpha signaling.
Article
Orthopedics
Luisa de Roy, Kerstin Eichhorn, Martin Faschingbauer, Klaus Schlickenrieder, Anita Ignatius, Andreas Martin Seitz
Summary: The purpose of this in vitro study was to investigate the effect of hyaluronic acid supplementation on knee joint friction during osteoarthritis progression. The results showed that knee joint friction does not increase with degeneration, and hyaluronic acid supplementation does not lead to an initial decrease in friction.
KNEE SURGERY SPORTS TRAUMATOLOGY ARTHROSCOPY
(2023)
Meeting Abstract
Dermatology
P. Maity, K. Singh, L. Krug, A. Koroma, W. Bloch, S. Kochanek, M. Wlaschek, M. Schorpp-Kistner, P. Angel, A. Ignatius, H. Geiger, K. Scharffetter-Kochanek
EXPERIMENTAL DERMATOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jana Riegger, Astrid Schoppa, Leonie Ruths, Melanie Haffner-Luntzer, Anita Ignatius
Summary: This article discusses oxidative stress as a major driver of pathophysiological processes in cartilage and bone, including aging, misdirected differentiation, cell death, mitochondrial dysfunction, and impaired mitophagy. It also elaborates on cellular defense mechanisms and therapeutic strategies to improve cell and tissue protection.
CELLULAR & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LETTERS
(2023)