Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Michael A. Kipp
Summary: Modern anoxic marine sediments release phosphorus to seawater, driving feedbacks at multiple timescales. The role of sulfate in anoxic phosphorus cycling is significant, with sulfate amplifying oxygenation and limiting phosphorus regeneration in low-sulfate, anoxic sediments.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
A. Gordienko, A. G. Malikov, M. N. Volochaev, A. D. Panyukhina
Summary: The paper investigates the microstructures and chemical compositions of laser-welded X70 and X80 low-carbon steels. The results showed that the initial microstructures and phase compositions determined the formation of different microstructures and microhardness levels in the weld metal and heat-affected zones. Lowering the carbon content and additional microalloying in the X80 steel resulted in decreased microhardness levels and improved ductile properties compared to the X70 steels.
MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING
(2022)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Junichiro Oda, Keigo Akimoto
Summary: This study empirically evaluates the factors influencing the transition of carbon intensity in the Japanese iron and steel industry. The results show that upper processes, capacity factor, and time trend are major contributors to carbon intensity fluctuations. Innovative steelmaking processes will be required to achieve the goal of net zero emissions by 2050.
JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Tomoyuki Miyata, Gaku Komeda, Hiroshi Numakura, Tatsuo Yokoi, Jun Haga, Yuri Kitajima
Summary: This study aims to develop a method for quantitatively evaluating the distribution of carbon in practical dual-phase steels. The effects of Mn and Si on the mechanical loss profiles were investigated to establish a method for estimating the carbon concentration in the ferrite phase. Additionally, the properties of the mechanical loss due to the martensite phase were studied.
JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
(2022)
Article
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
Zexi Wu, Tomoya Nagira, Kohsaku Ushioda, Goro Miyamoto, Hidetoshi Fujii
Summary: The study investigated the effects of adding chromium to 0.2% C-2% Si steels, and found that the addition of over 3% chromium improved the balance of strength and ductility in the base materials. Friction stir welding significantly enhanced the tensile properties of the weld zone, with the 0.2% C-2% Si-4% Cr joint achieving a high tensile strength of 1720 MPa and excellent ductility. This improvement in properties is believed to be due to the refinement of martensite and the formation of ausformed martensite during dynamic recrystallization.
ISIJ INTERNATIONAL
(2023)
Article
Ecology
Hiyu Kanbe, Takuya. K. K. Hosoki, Tomoyuki Kokita, Seiichi Mori, Jun Kitano
Summary: Adaptation to similar environments can lead to the evolution of similar phenotypes, but the extent of parallel evolution varies. Identifying the environmental factors that cause non-parallel patterns can provide valuable insight into the ecological factors associated with phenotypic diversification.
ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION
(2023)
Article
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
Hiroaki Tsuchiya, Kazumasa Hatsuda, Takumi Kawakubo, Kohsaku Ushioda, Hidetoshi Fujii, Masato Yamashita, Shinji Fujimoto
Summary: In this study, the structure and protectiveness of rust layers formed on friction stir welded high phosphorus carbon steels were examined and compared with those on SMA490AW and COR-TEN weathering steels. The results showed that the rust layers on high phosphorus carbon steels exhibited improved protectiveness compared to weathering steels, and friction stir welding did not deteriorate the corrosion resistance of high phosphorus carbon steels.
TETSU TO HAGANE-JOURNAL OF THE IRON AND STEEL INSTITUTE OF JAPAN
(2022)
Article
Anthropology
Hiroki Obata, Dai Kunikita
Summary: Cereal farming, such as rice and millets, originated in China and its spread to other East Asian regions remains an archaeological mystery. This study proposes a new method using X-ray equipment to directly date carbonised grains embedded in pottery, overcoming previous limitations. The results indicate a delay of about 100 years in the introduction of rice and millet agriculture to Japan.
JOURNAL OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Thomas Kohne, Johan Fahlkrans, Albin Stormvinter, Emad Maawad, Aimo Winkelmann, Peter Hedstrom, Annika Borgenstam
Summary: The martensitic transformation in high-carbon steels with different cooling rates was studied through in situ and ex situ experiments. The results showed that the cooling rate and the steel's Ms had a significant impact on the transformation, affecting the tetragonality and phase fraction of martensite formed. Slower cooling rates resulted in a decrease in average tetragonality and a lower fraction of martensite at room temperature but an increase in autotempered martensite. The distribution of martensite tetragonality was found to be heterogeneous for all cooling rates.
METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
Takuya Miura, Hidetoshi Fujii, Kohsaku Ushioda
Summary: Friction stir welding (FSW) of 6% Ni steels with varying carbon contents was performed under different welding conditions. It was found that higher rotation and traveling speeds resulted in lower welding temperatures and higher cooling rates. The amount of retained austenite in the stir zones increased with higher carbon content. The finer prior austenite grain size played an important role in stabilizing austenite.
ISIJ INTERNATIONAL
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Richard Osei, Simon Lekakh, Ronald O'Malley
Summary: The study investigated the structure and phase changes of the scale formed on a continuously cast steel slab during reheating process, showing that the development of multiphase scale structures depends on local thermodynamic equilibrium and kinetic conditions. This was achieved through simulations of different oxygen/steel ratios in a combustion atmosphere, with results documenting the phases developed in the layered scale structure through SEM/EDX and Raman spectroscopy. Predicted scale compositions and phases were found to align well with experimental results for various alloyed carbon and stainless steels.
METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS B-PROCESS METALLURGY AND MATERIALS PROCESSING SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
Zexi Wu, Tomoya Nagira, Kohsaku Ushioda, Goro Miyamoto, Hidetoshi Fujii
Summary: 0.2C-2Si steels containing 0-4% Cr were prepared and subjected to friction stir welding (FSW). The tensile properties of the stir zones were greatly enhanced by FSW, with the 0.2C-2Si-4Cr joint showing a high tensile strength of 1720 MPa and an excellent balance of ductility. This improvement is attributed to the refinement of microstructures and the formation of ausformed martensite induced by FSW.
TETSU TO HAGANE-JOURNAL OF THE IRON AND STEEL INSTITUTE OF JAPAN
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Francisco Cavilha Neto, Tatiana Bendo, Bruno Borges Ramos, Walter Dal'Maz Silva, Cristiano Binder, Aloisio Nelmo Klein
Summary: This study investigated the effect of air injection as a source of contamination on the microstructural characteristics and microhardness of plasma-nitrided plain carbon steels. The results showed that all percentages of air addition led to a reduction in surface hardness, with a more pronounced drop observed at 30% of air addition.
JOURNAL OF THE BRAZILIAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL SCIENCES AND ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
Takumi Kawakubo, Kohsaku Ushioda, Hidetoshi Fujii, Takahiro Kamo, Tomoyuki Yokota
Summary: This study investigates the effects of carbon and phosphorus contents on the microstructure and mechanical properties of friction stir welded joints. It was found that higher welding temperature reduces phosphorus segregation and improves work hardening rate and upper shelf energy.
TETSU TO HAGANE-JOURNAL OF THE IRON AND STEEL INSTITUTE OF JAPAN
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Ya G. Avdeev, T. E. Andreeva
Summary: The study found that in mineral acid solutions containing Fe(III) salts, Fe(III) cations form complexes with acid anions, and the formation of these complexes decreases their oxidation potential and diffusion coefficient. The decrease in the diffusion coefficient of Fe(III) cations in mineral acid solutions affects the rate of their diffusion-controlled reduction on steel.
RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Shuai Zhang, Shuye Zhang, Hongzhi Zhou, Kyung-Wook Paik, Tianran Ding, Weimin Long, Sujuan Zhong, Peng He
Summary: Microwave Hybrid Heating (MHH) is a promising method for material joining, allowing for selective and uniform heating. This experimental study focused on investigating the characteristics and reliability of joints made using nano-Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu soldering paste and MHH technique. The research findings showed that the shear strength of the joints reached its peak value under specific microwave power and exposure time, but decreased after thermal shock tests.
MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION
(2024)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Peibin Ma, Mingyang Wang, Aiying Chen, Lijian Gu, Zhiyi Ding, Xiaogui Wang, Bin Gan
Summary: Nano-twinned boundaries in high-temperature alloys play a crucial role in regulating the distribution of nano-precipitates and enhancing mechanical properties.
MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION
(2024)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Jiachen Zhang, Fan Lu, Xinxin Liu, Taiwen Huang, Rui Li, Changsheng Tan, Guojun Zhang, Lin Liu
Summary: This study investigates the effects of Re and Ta interactions on the precipitation of the TCP phase in experimental alloys under long-term thermal exposure. The study finds that microstructure segregation is not fully eliminated even with standard heat treatment, and the interaction between Re and Ta enhances the formation of the TCP phase. Thermodynamic calculations and first-principles analysis reveal that Re significantly improves the driving force of TCP phase precipitation. The study also observes a phase transition from the sigma-phase to the P-phase, with Ni playing a crucial role in the diffusion process.
MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION
(2024)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Ronit Roy, Adil Shaik, Matthew Topping, Fei Long, Mark R. Daymond
Summary: This study demonstrates the improvements in characterizing localized dislocation distribution using the HR-EBSD method compared to the conventional approach. Two extreme examples of deformation conditions were investigated to show the efficacy of HR-EBSD in identifying dislocations and subtle features. The direct correlation between slip bands and HR-EBSD estimated GNDs is also presented, enhancing the scope of this approach in identifying individual slip bands.
MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION
(2024)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Wenshan Guo, Hui Zhang, Qingjun Zhou, Guangchun Xiao, Ning Guo, Wei Zhao, Gang Wang
Summary: The microstructures and corrosion resistance of TC11 components were significantly improved using a high-power, high-speed laser metal deposition (LMD) process and subsequent post-heat treatment, with greater improvements observed in the deposition direction. The significant improvement of corrosion resistance in the deposition direction is mainly due to the weakening of the charged galvanic corrosion effect between the non-interlayer zone and interlayer zone.
MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION
(2024)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Shuai Xu, Rui Cao, Junheng Gao, Yu Zhang, Haitao Zhao, Shuize Wang, Yuhe Huang, Guilin Wu, Honghui Wu, Chaolei Zhang, Xinping Mao
Summary: In this study, the microstructures and mechanical properties of interphase precipitation strengthening micro-alloyed steels were investigated. The addition of Cr was found to increase the yield strength without significant decrease of ductility. Thermodynamics analysis revealed that the addition of Cr led to grain refinement and decrease of sheet spacing of nanoprecipitates. Calculations showed that the decrease of interphase-precipitated carbides sheet spacing and the refinement of grain size were responsible for the strength enhancement of Cr microalloyed steel.
MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION
(2024)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Zhaoxin Zhong, Biao Zhang, Yuhan Ren, Jian Ye, Jiawei Zhang, Feng Ye
Summary: In this study, bioinspired web-liked multiphase composites were successfully constructed using boron-modified polysilazane polymer. The composites consisted of long TiB nanowires as 'web' and hybrid TiC and Ti3Si particles as 'nodes'. The enhanced strength of these composites was attributed to the synergistic load transfer of the hybrid reinforcements. This study provides a promising design approach for developing high-performance composites with high reinforcement content, utilizing polymer instead of traditional ceramic powder.
MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION
(2024)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Geng Liu, Linran Yu, Jie Su, Ran Ding, Min Xiong, Qi Gao
Summary: In this study, a flash austenitization heat treatment approach was used to achieve a dual-phase microstructure consisting of retained austenite and fine-grained ferrite in low-carbon TRIP steel. Phase-field simulations revealed the acceleration of ferrite transition kinetics in the Mn-depleted region and the influence of chemical heterogeneity of C and Mn on the stabilization of austenite.
MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION
(2024)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Zhichao Yang, Dehui Zheng, Zhen Wang, Tingbin Liang, Shuangbao Wang
Summary: In this study, the configurations, formation process, and properties of the Cu-rich layer formed during TJE of Al alloys were revealed using aberration-corrected scanning TEM (STEM), STEM image simulations, and first-principles calculations. The results showed a new orientation relationship between the Cu-rich layer and Al matrix, and provided insights into the formation mechanisms of the Cu-rich layer and Cu diffusion zone.
MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION
(2024)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Shuai Chen, Ruyu Tian, Jiayue Wen, Yanhong Tian
Summary: In this study, the interfacial microstructure evolution and reliability of Cu/Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu (SAC305)/Ni and Cu/Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu-0.05TiO2 (SAC305-0.05TiO2)/Ni interconnections under thermal shock were investigated. The results showed that the addition of TiO2 nanoparticles can suppress the growth of interfacial IMCs and improve the reliability of the connections.
MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION
(2024)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Yunbin Lu, Yangju Feng, Wei Wang, Wenke Wang, Jianlei Yang, Wenzhen Chen, Guorong Cui, Dongdong Zhuang, Hongyang Cao
Summary: In order to improve the wear resistance of titanium alloy, titanium matrix composites with network distributed TiBw were fabricated. The results showed that the wear rate of the composites decreased by 17.2% at room temperature and 38.4% at high temperature compared to the TA15 alloy. The TiBw in the composites enhanced work hardening, improved thermal conductivity, and effectively hindered dislocation movement and promoted dynamic recrystallization during high-temperature wear.
MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION
(2024)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Jubert Pasco, Lu Jiang, Thomas Dorin, Ali Keshavarzkermani, Youliang He, Clodualdo Aranas Jr
Summary: The unique structure and solute distribution of CoCrMo alloys produced using Laser Powder Bed Fusion technique require custom heat-treating processes to achieve the targeted phase distribution and mechanical properties. This study investigates the phase transformation behavior and precipitate distribution of CoCrMo samples after aging heat treatment. The results show differences in phase fraction and nucleation sites between directly aged and solution heat-treated samples.
MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION
(2024)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Zipeng Ma, Meng Zhou, Baohong Tian, Yi Zhang, Heng Li, Xu Li, Jin Zou, Haoyan Hu, Ke Jing, Yong Liu, Alex A. Volinsky
Summary: In this study, two electrical contact composites were prepared using the vacuum hot pressing sintering endo-oxidation method. The addition of Y2O3 had no negative effects on the electrical conductivity and hardness of the composites. Moreover, it reduced the welding force and arc energy, and improved the stability of the contacts.
MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION
(2024)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Wei Sun, Ning Cui, Shuling Zhang, Tiewei Xu, Xiaopeng Wang, Fantao Kong
Summary: A laminated composite was successfully fabricated and its microstructure and mechanical properties were investigated. The composite exhibited high bonding strength, improved flexural strength and fracture toughness, and superior tensile properties compared to the monolithic alloy.
MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION
(2024)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Zih-You Wu, Yin-Ku Lee, Su-Yueh Tsai, Po-Yu Chen, Jenq-Gong Duh
Summary: With the development of the artificial intelligence (AI) industries, electronic packaging is advancing towards high density, high efficiency, and multi-functionality. The application of microbumps is necessary to achieve high density and small-scale interconnection. In this study, three types of full intermetallic compounds (IMCs) bumps were fabricated, and the mechanical and thermal properties of IMCs were analyzed. The results showed that the full IMCs bumps with added Ni and Zn exhibited consistent structure and excellent thermal stability, providing a reliable microstructure for application.
MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION
(2024)