Review
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Steven J. Presley, Michael R. Willig
Summary: This article summarizes the concepts and perspectives of island biogeography, landscape ecology, macroecology, and metacommunity ecology, and explores their impact on bat community abundance, biodiversity, and composition. The article also highlights the influence of habitat loss and fragmentation on bat community and metacommunity structure.
ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Zoology
Fionn O. Marcaigh, David J. Kelly, Darren P. O'connell, Kangkuso Analuddin, Adi Karya, Jennifer Mccloughan, Ellen Tolan, Naomi Lawless, Nicola M. Marples
Summary: Birds of the Indo-Pacific region have provided important insights for biologists. This study focuses on two sunbird species, the olive-backed sunbird and the black sunbird, and reveals a strong phylogeographic structure. The olive-backed sunbird should be recognized as multiple species due to genetic divergence between different regions. The black sunbird also shows unrecognized population structure despite weak plumage divergence.
ZOOLOGICAL JOURNAL OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY
(2023)
Review
Ecology
Francisco E. Fonturbel, Lida M. Franco, Francisco Bozinovic, Julian F. Quintero-Galvis, Carlos Mejias, Guillermo C. Amico, M. Soledad Vazquez, Pablo Sabat, Juan C. Sanchez-Hernandez, David M. Watson, Pablo Saenz-Agudelo, Roberto F. Nespolo
Summary: The arboreal marsupial monito del monte is a key species in the temperate rainforest, as it acts as the main seed disperser for endemic plants. It is also one of the few hibernating mammals in South America, able to reduce energy expenditure during winter. Despite low reproductive rates, this marsupial shows high densities due to its unique habitat. However, immediate actions are needed to protect the species from habitat destruction and climate change.
ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION
(2022)
Article
Ecology
P. G. R. Wright, C. Bellamy, P. B. Hamilton, H. Schofield, D. Finch, F. Mathews
Summary: This study aimed to identify the optimal relationship between gene flow and habitat suitability models for two bat species in Britain. The results showed that bats are able to disperse through areas of poor habitat for breeding but will avoid the most unsuitable areas. Multiple transformations of HSMs at different resolutions are recommended for a more accurate representation of gene flow across heterogeneous landscapes.
Article
Ecology
Conor Nest, Todd F. Elliott, Tani Cooper, Karl Vernes
Summary: The temperate forests of Australia have a diverse community of mycophagous mammals that consume a variety of fungi, but the relationships between mammals and fungi are still poorly understood. This study examined the seasonal fungal diets of eight sympatric mammals and identified 55 different fungal taxa. The results showed that winter was the peak season for fungal consumption and dietary diversity, with variation in the fungal taxa consumed between species and seasons. The study supports the importance of a diverse mycophagous mammal community for maintaining natural variation in fungal community composition.
Review
Zoology
David J. Wildish, John H. McDonald
Summary: This study discusses hypotheses regarding the modern distribution of Orchestia gammarellus in the North Atlantic and its underlying causes. The synanthropic dispersal hypothesis suggests that human-mediated transportation led to the dispersal of O. gammarellus from the eastern shore of the North Atlantic to Iceland and the western Atlantic shore. Conversely, the Eocene and natural dispersal hypothesis proposes that O. gammarellus originated when the west and east shores of the North Atlantic were still connected. This study also introduces a post-glacial natural dispersal hypothesis involving transportation on ice floes or in driftwood from European shores to Iceland and the Atlantic Provinces of Canada. The existing genetic and morphological data are insufficient to distinguish between human-aided dispersal and natural rafting.
ZOOSYSTEMATICS AND EVOLUTION
(2023)
Article
Ecology
Tyrone H. Lavery, Lucas H. DeCicco, Karen V. Olson, Piokera S. Holland, Robert G. Moyle
Summary: The study aims to investigate the influence of sea level changes and land bridges on the phylogeographic patterns of bats in the Solomon Islands and Papua New Guinea.
JOURNAL OF BIOGEOGRAPHY
(2023)
Article
Ecology
Guillermo L. Florez-Montero, Renata L. Muylaert, Marcelo R. Nogueira, Cullen Geiselman, Sharlene E. Santana, Richard D. Stevens, Marco Tschapka, Francisco A. Rodrigues, Marco A. R. Mello
Summary: Data papers and open databases have revolutionized contemporary science by promoting collaboration and making natural history information widely accessible. However, most data papers have focused on species occurrence and abundance while neglecting interactions. In this study, the authors compiled a georeferenced dataset of interactions between 93 bat species and 501 plant species, filling a significant gap in the literature.
Article
Ecology
Ada Chornelia, Alice Catherine Hughes
Summary: This study investigated the origin and distribution of families such as Rhinolophidae, Hipposideridae, and Rhinonycteridae. The results showed that Rhinolophidae originated from the Oriental region, while Hipposideridae originated from the Oriental and African regions. These findings demonstrate the significance of complex historical events and species-specific ecological characteristics in shaping current distributions.
BMC ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION
(2022)
Article
Evolutionary Biology
Harald Letsch, Sabrina Simon, Paul B. Frandsen, Shanlin Liu, Ryuichiro Machida, Christoph Mayer, Bernhard Misof, Oliver Niehuis, Xin Zhou, Benjamin Wipfler
Summary: The study investigates the biogeographic distribution and phylogenetic relationships of stoneflies using a combination of transcriptomic and Sanger sequence data, suggesting that extant stoneflies originated in the Northern Hemisphere approximately 265 million years ago and two stonefly groups dispersed to Gondwana before their extinction on the northern continents.
SYSTEMATIC ENTOMOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Zoology
Leidy Azucena Ramirez-Francel, Leidy Viviana Garcia-Herrera, Sergio Losada-Prado, Gladys Reinoso-Florez, Alfonso Sanchez-Hernandez, Sergio Estrada-Villegas, Burton K. Lim, Giovany Guevara
Summary: Bats play important roles in ecosystem services such as seed dispersal, pollination, insect control, and nutrient recycling. Studies have shown that evaluations of these services by bats have been primarily conducted in the Neotropical and Palearctic regions. The conservation of bat populations and the ecological services they provide are crucial, especially in the current global health crisis.
INTEGRATIVE ZOOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Zoology
Steven G. Hamilton, Harry Parnaby
Summary: A single specimen of the ground cuscus collected in 2006 in the Trans-Fly region of southern Papua New Guinea is the only known record from that area. This discovery expands the known range of the species, reaching 250 km southwest of the nearest records. The specimen could not be classified into either of the two subspecies, and its biogeographic implications are discussed in the article.
AUSTRALIAN MAMMALOGY
(2022)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Clifton D. McKee, Ying Bai, Colleen T. Webb, Michael Y. Kosoy
Summary: Bats play a significant role in the diversification and spread of viruses and eukaryotes to other animal hosts, and are believed to be the ancestral hosts of all mammal-associated Bartonella. They have had a deep influence on the evolutionary radiation of Bartonella bacteria and their spread to other mammalian orders.
INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION
(2021)
Review
Chemistry, Medicinal
Ricardo Calado, Renato Mamede, Sonia Cruz, Miguel C. Leal
Summary: From 1990 to 2019, a total of 15,442 New Marine Natural Products from Invertebrates (NMNPIs) were reported. The 2010s was the most productive decade, with the highest number of NMNPIs recorded. Sponges and cnidarians were the main contributors, and the tropical areas of the Pacific Ocean had the highest yield. The Indo-Burma biodiversity hotspot was the most relevant area for NMNPIs discovery in the 2010s, surpassing previous top areas like the Sea of Japan and the Caribbean Islands. China's exclusive economic zone played a significant role, surpassing Japan's contribution.
Article
Ecology
William Douglas Carvalho, Isadora E. Fluck, Isai Jorge de Castro, Renato Richard Hilario, Ana Carolina Moreira Martins, Jose Julio de Toledo, Bruna da Silva Xavier, Cristian Dambros, Paulo E. D. Bobrowiec
Summary: This study evaluated the relative importance of geographical and environmental variables for the diversity of phyllostomid bats in the Amazon biome. The results showed that elevation was the main predictor for the diversity of taxonomic, phylogenetic, and functional characteristics of phyllostomid bats. The study also found differences in species characteristics between lowland and highland areas, indicating the influence of environmental gradients on bat diversity.
JOURNAL OF BIOGEOGRAPHY
(2023)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
R. E. Tarlinton, A. R. Legione, N. Sarker, J. Fabijan, J. Meers, L. McMichael, G. Simmons, H. Owen, J. M. Seddon, G. Dick, J. S. Ryder, F. Hemmatzedah, D. J. Trott, N. Speight, N. Holmes, M. Loose, R. D. Emes
Summary: The incorporation of Koala retrovirus (KoRV) into the host genome is still active, particularly in the northern part of the natural range of koalas, where both endogenous and exogenous KoRV variants are present and associated with high rates of KoRV-induced disease. In contrast, koalas in the southern part were previously believed to be virus-free or only have exogenous variants with low rates of disease. This study used multiple sequencing technologies to analyze koalas from both regions, revealing that koalas in the southern region actually harbor defective endogenous KoRV variants. These findings suggest that these populations have historical exposure to KoRV and raise questions about the origin and potential protective effects of these variants.
JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
Patrick G. Pikacha, David Boseto, Ikuo Tigulu, Hensllyn Boseto, Josef Hurutarao, Tyrone H. Lavery
Summary: The prehensile-tailed skink is an endemic species in the Solomon Islands, and it is the most traded reptile from the country. The study revealed that habitat loss, hunting, and predation were identified as the main threats to its survival. To ensure its conservation, the recommendation is to stop the export of wild-caught prehensile-tailed skinks and implement a regulated captive breeding program.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Ashley J. Rummell, Javier X. Leon, Hayden P. Borland, Brittany B. Elliott, Ben L. Gilby, Christopher J. Henderson, Andrew D. Olds
Summary: Coastal wetlands are important for regenerating lost ecosystem services. This study utilized remote sensing techniques and classification methods to accurately measure the changes in a restoring coastal wetland in eastern Australia. The results demonstrated the effectiveness of this approach in accurately quantifying the early responses of coastal wetlands to restoration.
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
D. B. Lindenmayer, W. Blanchard, M. J. Evans, R. Beggs, T. Lavery, D. Florance, C. Crane, D. Smith, A. Siegrist, E. Lang, B. C. Scheele
Summary: This study found that the Noisy Miner bird species in Australia poses a threat to other bird species. The study also revealed that environmental factors such as tree cover and net primary productivity influence the impact of the Noisy Miner. Therefore, protecting refugia characterized by high net primary productivity and tree cover is crucial for the conservation of woodland bird communities in areas with deforestation.
DIVERSITY AND DISTRIBUTIONS
(2023)
Article
Ecology
Tyrone H. Lavery, Lucas H. DeCicco, Karen V. Olson, Piokera S. Holland, Robert G. Moyle
Summary: The study aims to investigate the influence of sea level changes and land bridges on the phylogeographic patterns of bats in the Solomon Islands and Papua New Guinea.
JOURNAL OF BIOGEOGRAPHY
(2023)
Article
Marine & Freshwater Biology
Alexandra M. McGowan, Janet M. Lanyon, Nicholas Clark, David Blair, Helene Marsh, Eric Wolanski, Jennifer M. Seddon
Summary: Despite their ability to travel long distances, marine mammals often show population structuring over short geographic distances. The genetic population structure of dugongs along the eastern Queensland coast was investigated. A genetic break was identified in the Whitsunday Islands region, interrupting the overall isolation-by-distance pattern. Geographic distance was found to be more important than sea-surface temperature and seagrass distribution in explaining genetic distances. The findings suggest distinct breeding units for management plans of Queensland dugongs.
MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
D. B. Lindenmayer, W. Blanchard, D. Florance, R. Beggs, D. Smith, C. Crane, E. Lang, A. Siegrist, T. Lavery, E. Bowd, B. C. Scheele, M. J. Evans
Summary: The majority of the world's mammal biomass is domestic livestock. Intensive livestock grazing can negatively impact some elements of biodiversity. We studied the effects of grazing management on bird occupancy in endangered temperate woodland in Australia. We found muted grazing effects on woodland birds, but many species responded to vegetation structure. Noisy miners had the largest impact, reducing small-bodied, invertivorous birds.
BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION
(2023)
Article
Marine & Freshwater Biology
Alexandra M. McGowan, Jennifer M. Seddon, Janet M. Lanyon, Nicholas Clark, Justine S. Gibson
Summary: Bacterial isolates cultured from the fresh faeces of dugongs in Queensland, Australia, showed resistance to antibiotics such as penicillin and trimethoprim, and contained various resistance and virulence genes. This highlights the role that dugongs can play as a sentinel species for antimicrobial resistance in coastal waters.
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
David Lindenmayer, Ben C. Scheele, Tyrone Lavery, Gene E. Likens
Summary: Much of the world's land cover has been changed by humans, impacting biodiversity. Repeated conversions of modified land cover can significantly affect biodiversity, and the response is influenced by several factors including conversion completeness, persistence of biological legacies, number of previous conversions, time elapsed, and contrast between previous and new covers. Biodiversity responses are species and cover type specific, and cannot be easily predicted from single landscape conversions. Ignoring the impacts of successive land cover conversions could lead to increased biodiversity loss, thus impact assessments and conservation efforts are crucial.
GLOBAL ECOLOGY AND CONSERVATION
(2023)
Article
Ecology
Tyrone H. Lavery, Adrian Holland, Nixon Jino, Atuna Judge, Hikuna Judge, Pandakai Onga, Kevin Sese
Summary: Uromys vika, one of the least studied rodents in the world, is facing a threat from logging in its primary habitat. The indigenous people of Vangunu Island have traditional ecological knowledge about this endangered species. Researchers used camera traps to record additional sightings of U. vika in the last major forest block of Vangunu Island.
ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION
(2023)
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
Patrick G. Pikacha, David Boseto, Ikuo Tigulu, Hensllyn Boseto, Josef Hurutarao, Tyrone H. Lavery
Summary: This study surveyed the habitat preferences, conservation status perceptions, and potential threats of the endemic prehensile-tailed skink in the Solomon Islands. The results showed that the skinks prefer lowland and hill forests, while coastal and montane forests were less favored habitats. Habitat loss, hunting, and predation were identified as the main threats. Individuals under 30 years old reported more frequent killings of the skinks.
Review
Zoology
S. M. Jackson, A. M. Baker, M. D. B. Eldridge, D. O. Fisher, G. J. Frankham, T. H. Lavery, A. J. MacDonald, P. W. Menkhorst, M. J. Phillips, S. Potter, K. C. Rowe, K. J. Travouillon, L. S. Umbrello
Summary: The use of correct taxonomy is crucial for biodiversity conservation and management. However, there are obstacles to ensuring appropriate and widely adopted scientific names, including different species definitions, taxonomic instability, and inappropriate naming practices. To address these issues, the Australasian Mammal Taxonomy Consortium has developed tools such as standardized lists of names and guidelines for published species descriptions.
AUSTRALIAN MAMMALOGY
(2023)
Article
Zoology
Tyrone H. Lavery, Rachael Collett, Diana O. Fisher, Conrad J. Hoskin, Jesse Rowland
Summary: A new subspecies of white-footed dunnarts (Sminthopsis leucopus) was discovered in the Wet Tropics bioregion of north Queensland, Australia. The genetic and morphological divergence, as well as differences in habitat and geographic isolation, support the classification of this isolate as a distinct taxon. The new subspecies is suggested to be classified as Endangered due to its limited distribution, low density, high-altitude location, and potential threats from climate change.
AUSTRALIAN MAMMALOGY
(2023)
Article
Ecology
Tyrone H. Lavery, David B. Lindenmayer, Hugh Allan, Darren Southwell, John C. Z. Woinarski, Mark Lintermans
Summary: Monitoring is crucial for conservation, as it enables the tracking of threatened species, assessment of threat impacts, and informs management responses and prioritization. However, monitoring freshwater fish can be challenging due to aquatic conditions that make population trends difficult to detect and identify.
ECOLOGICAL MANAGEMENT & RESTORATION
(2022)
Article
Zoology
Tyrone H. Lavery, Christopher R. Dickman, David B. Lindenmayer
Summary: Australia has experienced a higher number of modern mammal extinctions compared to any other country. The study investigates the circumstances surrounding the collection of three specimens of the blue-grey mouse, providing insights into their optimal habitats and climatic conditions. Although the species is likely already extinct, the findings aid in directing future survey efforts.
AUSTRALIAN MAMMALOGY
(2022)