Embroidered Multiband Body-Worn Antenna for GSM/PCS/WLAN Communications

A novel textile-based body-worn antenna covering the Global System for Mobile Communications/personal communications services/wireless local-area network frequency bands is presented. This antenna was made of densely embroidered metal-coated polymer fibers (e-fibers). These e-fibers are 15 m thick and consist of high strength, flexible polymer cores with conductive silver coatings, providing mechanical flexibility and low loss at radio frequencies. When measured in free space, the textile antenna showed comparable performance to its copper counterpart, having similar to 2 dBi realized gain at all three bands. This textile antenna was simulated and measured on a full body phantom to determine the body's influence on antenna performance, including frequency detuning and pattern shadowing. The measured radiation pattern of the body-worn antenna matched well with simulation at various on-body locations for the three bands. Field measurements were also carried out by mounting the antenna onto the shoulder of a jacket, and using it to replace the one of a cell phone. We found that the communication quality using the body-worn textile antenna was equivalent to the best location of the original cell-phone antenna. Therefore, this textile-based antenna provided for a more reliable body-worn communication when mounted on the body's shoulder.