Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Hyo-Ryeong Jeon, Byeong-Hun Yun, Ho-Keun Lee, Sang-Gug Lee, Kyung-Sik Choi
Summary: This brief introduces a wideband and low-loss mixer implemented using a baseband equalization technique and a lambda/4 open stub. The proposed RX achieves an effective 3-dB bandwidth of 26 GHz and supports a high data rate of over 100 Gbps. This mixer effectively addresses the trade-off between gain and bandwidth, making it suitable for various wireless communication applications.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS II-EXPRESS BRIEFS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Xin Yue, Eric R. Fossum
Summary: This paper presents a novel ultra-high speed, high conversion-gain, low noise CMOS image sensor based on charge-sweep transfer gates. The proposed pixels achieve a charge transfer time of less than 10 ns without requiring any process modifications. The gate structure significantly reduces the floating diffusion capacitance, resulting in an increased conversion gain of 183 μV/e-. This advancement enables the image sensor to achieve the lowest reported noise of 5.1 e- rms. A proof-of-concept CMOS image sensor is designed, taped-out and characterized to demonstrate the effectiveness of both optimizations.
Article
Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture
Ersin Alaybeyoglu, Faruk Ugranli
Summary: A genetic algorithm-based approach is proposed for the design of a low-pass filter for IEEE 802.11n Wireless LAN, to improve performance and meet constraints. The methodology eliminates infeasible solutions before circuit design by modeling the design constraints.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMPUTER-AIDED DESIGN OF INTEGRATED CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Meraj Ahmad, Shahid Malik, Harsh Patel, Maryam Shojaei Baghini
Summary: The paper presents a novel approach for the design of a portable, low-voltage low-power resistive sensor measurement system with high sensitivity. The proposed system utilizes a half-bridge based circuit for auto-calibrated resistive sensor interface, and reduces power consumption using square-wave excitation and demodulation. The system has the ability to measure Delta R/R-s for a wide range of baseline resistance with high resolution and programmable sensitivity. The results show that the developed system performs well in measuring minimum Delta R/R-s for different base resistors. The system is significant for low-voltage low-power sensor nodes and flexible hybrid electronics for wearable applications.
IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
K. Elangovan, Vineeth Bala Sukumaran, Anoop Chandrika Sreekantan
Summary: This manuscript proposes a geometric-programming (GP) aided approach to reduce the conversion time of digitizers for resistive sensors. The digitizer partitions the sensor span into multiple regimes and formulates an optimization problem to minimize the maximum conversion time while maintaining ON and OFF durations. The GP-based solution shows a significant reduction in conversion time and has been evaluated in simulation and experimental studies, demonstrating its effectiveness for digital interface circuits.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Ceramics
V. Jagadeesha Angadi, Florin Tudorache, Anuj Kumar, S. O. Manjunatha, Chander Prakash, Shifa Wang, Satbir S. Sehgal, Mohd Ubaidullah, N. H. Ayachit
Summary: Rare earth-doped CoCr2O4 green pigments with extremely porous powder were synthesized using a solution combustion method. The small crystallite size exhibited a higher dielectric constant, and the permittivity and electrical resistivity fluctuated with frequency under humid circumstances. The rare earth-doped pigments showed a linear response, high sensitivity, and low hysteresis in humidity sensing applications.
CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Juan P. P. Goyret, Maria V. Cassani, Sebastian H. Carbonetto, Mariano A. A. Garcia-Inza
Summary: This work presents three different circuit designs for measuring resistive gas sensors. The designs output a pulsed voltage signal modulated by the sensor's resistance and use differential measurement techniques to mitigate temperature variations.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CIRCUIT THEORY AND APPLICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
Jakub Drzazga, Boguslaw Cyganek
Summary: Respiration monitoring systems play a crucial role in healthcare and fitness. In this paper, a novel signal conditioning circuit for a resistive respiration sensor is proposed, which addresses some of the issues associated with existing sensors. The results indicate that resistive stretch sensors, combined with low-frequency feedback topology, offer promising prospects for future respiration monitoring devices.
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Necmettin Kilinc
Summary: The study showed that the resistance of Pd and Pt thin films increases with temperature, with Pt thin film exhibiting higher sensitivity and lower detection limit compared to Pd film. However, Pd thin film has the advantage of shorter response time and being unresponsive to the presence of oxygen.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE-MATERIALS IN ELECTRONICS
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Jose A. Hidalgo-Lopez, Julian Castellanos-Ramos
Summary: Direct Interface Circuits (DICs) are simple circuits used in readouts for all types of sensors, capable of performing resistance-to-time-to-digital conversion. This study presents two resistive DICs that estimate sensor resistance using a single charging-discharging process, simplifying the readout process without increasing hardware requirements. Experimental results demonstrate accurate estimation of Rx with relative errors below 0.8% and significant reduction in acquisition time and energy consumption by up to 75%.
Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
Seyed Morteza Hosseini, Mohammad Hossein Maghami, Parviz Amiri, Mohamad Sawan
Summary: This paper introduces a low-power, single-stage, active rectifier based on a new charge-pump circuit for use in biomedical implants. The circuit rectifies AC input voltage to DC and amplifies the DC output voltage. Low-loss MOS switches are used for high power conversion efficiency, and two comparators eliminate reverse leakage current for improved power efficiency. The rectifier, implemented in a 0.18 μm standard CMOS technology, achieves 1.205 V output DC voltage from an AC input signal with a 3 kΩ load resistance at 13.56 MHz operating frequency.
Article
Polymer Science
Tilen Kosir, Janko Slavic
Summary: Three-dimensional printing by material extrusion allows for the production of fully functional dynamic piezoelectric sensors in a single process, eliminating the need for additional assembly steps. However, these 3D-printed sensors have higher electrical resistance due to material limitations, resulting in a limited usable frequency range. This research presents an analytical model for determining the usable frequency range of 3D-printed piezoelectric sensors with resistive electrodes, and experimental results confirm the accuracy of the model. This research opens up possibilities for designing the electrical and dynamic characteristics of future intelligent dynamic systems printed in a single process.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Mohammad Javad Farshchi Heydari, Nima Tabatabaei, Pouya Rezai
Summary: This study optimized a low-cost microfluidic sensor for measuring water salinity in the range of 1-120 ppm. By improving the design, the sensor showed significant increases in sensitivity, detection range, and miniaturization of the microfluidic channel.
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Md Sabbir Zaman, Bashir I. Morshed
Summary: The research team developed a low-power, small, portable signal acquisition device for use with battery-less zero-power sensors, utilizing impedance mismatch technique for physiological signal collection, and validated it in lab and at users' homes. Experimental results showed that the scanner was accurate in measuring temperature, had excellent linear dependence, and demonstrated potential for real-life data collection.
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Ali Azam, Zhidong Bai, Jeffrey S. Walling
Summary: This paper presents an ultra-low power, integrated pulse width modulated (PWM) temperature sensor, which generates temperature output by comparing temperature-dependent voltage with temperature-independent voltage. The sensor utilizes a feedback-corrected 2-transistor voltage reference cell to provide steady output across temperature, enabling operation with low supply voltages and minimal power consumption. The sensor allows for robust temperature measurement by utilizing a ratio of output pulse-widths.
IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL
(2021)
Editorial Material
Chemistry, Analytical
Giuseppe Ferri, Gianluca Barile, Alfiero Leoni
Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
Guido Di Patrizio Stanchieri, Moustafa Saleh, Andrea De Marcellis, Ali Ibrahim, Marco Faccio, Maurizio Valle, Elia Palange
Summary: In this paper, a tactile sensory feedback system for prosthetic applications based on an optical communication link is proposed and validated. The system utilizes a low-power and wide transmission bandwidth optical link, making it suitable for various tactile sensors. Experimental tests on a system prototype show the functionality and real-time operation capabilities of the proposed system, with a communication energy consumption of 50 pJ/bit.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Emiliano Sisinni, Dhiego Fernandes Carvalho, Alessandro Depari, Paolo Bellagente, Alessandra Flammini, Marco Pasetti, Stefano Rinaldi, Paolo Ferrari
Summary: The Internet of Things (IoT) relies on the use of the Internet Protocol (IP) as a pervasive network protocol. IPv6 is suggested for scalability, but the overhead and payloads do not match with common wireless solutions. Compression strategies have been proposed, such as the Static Context Header Compression (SCHC) protocol, for optimizing IPv6 data in LoRaWAN-based applications. Comparing different providers' solutions through formal test procedures is important for making better deployment and commissioning choices.
Review
Chemistry, Analytical
Massimo Scarsella, Gianluca Barile, Vincenzo Stornelli, Leila Safari, Giuseppe Ferri
Summary: This study presents a review of second-generation voltage conveyor (VCII) and current conveyor (CCII) circuits for the conditioning of bio signals and sensors. The CCII is a well-known current-mode active block that can overcome the limitations of the classical operational amplifier by providing an output current instead of a voltage. The VCII, as the dual of the CCII, enjoys almost all the properties of the CCII but provides an easy-to-read voltage as an output signal. This paper discusses a wide range of solutions for relevant sensors and biosensors employed in biomedical applications, and the main benefits of the current-mode approach in the realization of readout circuits for different types of biosensors.
Review
Chemistry, Analytical
Mattia Ragnoli, Massimo Scarsella, Alfiero Leoni, Giuseppe Ferri, Vincenzo Stornelli
Summary: Rockfall and landslide events are caused by various factors including geomorphological, climatic, and human interaction. Remote monitoring of these hazards using wireless sensor networks (WSNs) has become essential due to their significant economic and social impacts. This review paper provides an overview of the state-of-the-art WSN-based monitoring systems for rockfall and landslide, analyzing their implementation, methods, system architecture, relevant hardware aspects, and exploring current trends and future possibilities in WSN geohazard monitoring.
Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
Alfiero Leoni, Gianluca Barile, Paolo Esposito, Romina Paolucci, Vincenzo Stornelli, Giuseppe Ferri
Summary: Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) is the process of observing and determining the structural integrity of a building or infrastructure through sensors and data analysis. This paper proposes a custom master multi-slave system for SHM, capable of acquiring data from six different channels and producing spectrograms and static trim of the monitored structure. The system was tested on a modular structure and proved its functionality for structural integrity analysis and potential damage evaluation.
Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
Gianluca Barile, Paolo Esposito, Vincenzo Stornelli, Giuseppe Ferri
Summary: In this paper, a 3D printed accelerometer sensor using FDM and material switching capabilities was proposed and its performance was experimentally validated. The study also investigated the influence of different parameters on the sensor performance.
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Guido Di Patrizio Stanchieri, Andrea De Marcellis, Graziano Battisti, Marco Faccio, Elia Palange, Timothy G. Constandinou
Summary: The paper presents the design, implementation, and evaluation of a novel multilevel synchronized pulse position modulation paradigm for efficient optical biotelemetry links. The modulation technique enables the transmission of multiple bits per symbol with low power consumption and achieves a low bit error rate.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON BIOMEDICAL CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS
(2022)
Proceedings Paper
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Emiliano Sisinni, Alessandro Depari, Paolo Bellagente, Paolo Ferrari, Alessandra Flammini, Marco Pasetti, Stefano Rinaldi
Summary: This paper discusses the impact of specific input features on the performance of an artificial intelligence model for fitness exercise recognition, and proposes a general classification of input features. A LSTM network is trained and validated using a pre-recorded dataset, and the effects of varying input parameters on classification results are evaluated.
2022 IEEE SENSORS APPLICATIONS SYMPOSIUM (SAS 2022)
(2022)
Proceedings Paper
Energy & Fuels
Stefano Rinaldi, Alessandro Depari, Paolo Ferrari, Alessandra Flammini, Elia Mondini, Alessandro Musatti, Marco Pasetti, Emiliano Sisinni
Summary: In recent years, electricity grids have undergone radical transformations in terms of digital control architectures and clock synchronization to adapt to the increasing presence of distributed energy resources and electric vehicle charging systems. Stand Alone Merging Units (SAMUs) play a crucial role in connecting analog sensors and digital control systems, enabling virtualization of measurement and control functions. A wireless clock distribution method based on Ultra Wide Band (UWB) technology is proposed as a feasible solution for clock synchronization of SAMUs.
2022 IEEE 12TH INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON APPLIED MEASUREMENTS FOR POWER SYSTEMS (AMPS)
(2022)
Proceedings Paper
Computer Science, Theory & Methods
Marianne Silva, Gabriel Signoretti, Thommas Flores, Pedro Andrade, Jordao Silva, Ivanovitch Silva, Emiliano Sisinni, Paolo Ferrari
Summary: The Internet of Things (IoT) has brought challenges of potentially irrelevant or redundant data transmission, and increased data creation and transmission speed. To address these challenges, data compression techniques and TinyML can be used to implement machine learning models on low-power devices.
PROCEEDINGS OF 2022 IEEE INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON METROLOGY FOR INDUSTRY 4.0 & IOT (IEEE METROIND4.0&IOT)
(2022)
Proceedings Paper
Computer Science, Theory & Methods
Alan Oliveira de Sa, Lucila Maria de Souza Bento, Mariana Luiza Flavio, Marco Pasetti, Paolo Ferrari, Emiliano Sisinni
Summary: This paper presents a Man-in-the-Middle attack on a distributed Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) based on an Artificial Neural Network (ANN), which manipulates the system behavior by altering the State of Charge (SOC) communication. The results show that the attack is able to mimic the normal behavior of the BESS with a small error.
PROCEEDINGS OF 2022 IEEE INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON METROLOGY FOR INDUSTRY 4.0 & IOT (IEEE METROIND4.0&IOT)
(2022)
