Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Fong-Min Ciou, Po-Hsun Chen, Ting-Chang Chang, Yu-Shan Lin, Fu-Yuan Jin, Jui-Tse Hsu, Jia-Hong Lin, Kai-Chun Chang, Ting-Tzu Kuo, Kuan-Hsu Chen
Summary: This study thoroughly analyzes the mechanism of the kink effect observed during the switching operation in AlGaN/GaN high-electron-mobility transistors. The results show that the kink effect leads to a drop in I (D) and a positive shift in V (T). Simulating the trap position reveals that the negative buffer trap is the main cause of the positive shift. Additionally, the I (D)-V (G) characteristics after the kink-effect stress respond differently to different light illuminations, with only UV light being able to restore the V (T) shift caused by the kink effect.
SEMICONDUCTOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
C. Liu, Y. Q. Chen, Y. Liu, P. Lai, Z. Y. He, Y. F. En, T. Y. Wang, Y. Huang
Summary: This work investigates the degradation behavior and physical mechanism of AIGaN/GaN HEMTs under hot-electron stress in hydrogen and nitrogen atmosphere, showing that degradation in hydrogen atmosphere is more severe. Experimental results and COMSOL finite-element simulations support this conclusion.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Ankit Soni, Mayank Shrivastava
Summary: This study investigated the impact of various charge sources on the electric field distribution and breakdown mechanism of HEMTs, revealing strong correlations between different charges and breakdown voltage. Insights were developed to explain the dependence of HEMT breakdown on surface states, polarization charge, and buffer traps, aiding in the design of efficient surface passivation schemes.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Md. Tasnim Azad, Toiyob Hossain, Bejoy Sikder, Qingyun Xie, Mengyang Yuan, Eiji Yagyu, Koon Hoo Teo, Tomas Palacios, Nadim Chowdhury
Summary: This work proposes a multimetal gated architecture to improve the linearity of AlGaN/GaN HEMT. Through experimental and simulation analysis, it is found that using different gate metals can reduce the value of third-order transconductance. The proposed device exhibits better compression point, saturation output power, and power added efficiency, and shows excellent linearity performance under deep class AB bias.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Yuji Ando, Ryutaro Makisako, Hidemasa Takahashi, Akio Wakejima, Jun Suda
Summary: The study revealed that the epitaxial layer structure affects the electrical characteristics of AlGaN/GaN HEMTs. GaN-on-GaN HEMTs showed an improved tradeoff between maximum drain current and breakdown characteristics compared to GaN-on-SiC HEMTs. Moreover, the impact of Fe diffusion on frequency dispersion was relatively limited in GaN-on-GaN devices.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Praveen Pal, Yogesh Pratap, Sneha Kabra
Summary: A bio-functionalized biosensor based on ZnO-Tetrapod and AlGaN/GaN HEMT has been designed for the detection of uric acid in human serum. The sensor offers high sensitivity, fast response time, and good match with previous experimental data, while its performance may be affected by surface wettability conditions and Al composition in the barrier layer.
IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Cheng-Yu Huang, Soumen Mazumder, Pu-Chou Lin, Kuan-Wei Lee, Yeong-Her Wang
Summary: In this paper, a metal-oxide-semiconductor high-electron-mobility transistor (MOS-HEMT) is proposed to suppress gate leakage current, decrease flicker noise, increase high-frequency performance, improve power performance, and enhance stability. This is achieved by using a Al2O3/ZrO2 stacked layer on a conventional AlGaN/GaN HEMT.
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Pengfei Wan, Jianqun Yang, Hao Jiang, Yuanting Huang, Ling Lv, Lei Dong, Xiaoqing Yue, Bin Zhang, Gang Lin, Guojian Shao, Weiqi Li, Xiaodong Xu, Xiuhai Cui, Xingji Li
Summary: This article investigates the synergistic radiation effects on AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) under different irradiation conditions. The results show that HEMTs have excellent resistance to ionization radiation, but the drain current and carrier mobility decrease significantly under proton irradiation. The degradation rate caused by combined irradiation is three times higher than that caused by individual proton irradiation, indicating a synergistic effect between ionization and displacement effects.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
Pengfei Wan, Jianqun Yang, Hao Jiang, Yadong Wei, Kai Wang, Weiqi Li, Ling Lv, Xingji Li
Summary: This paper identifies the location of the EC-0.9 eV trap caused by irradiation in AlGaN/GaN-HEMTs. The 40 keV He ions only cause damage in the passivation and AlGaN layer, while the 400 keV He ions mainly cause damage in the GaN layer. Test results show that the threshold voltage of the device shifts positively after 400 keV He ion irradiation, and the carrier mobility and Schottky barrier decrease. DLTS results reveal a defect with EC-0.9 eV in the GaN layer after irradiation. Combined with DLTS and TCAD simulation, it is determined that the location of the EC-0.9 eV defects caused by displacement damage is in the GaN layer.
NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Jeong-Gil Kim, Chuyoung Cho, Eunjin Kim, Jae Seok Hwang, Kyung-Ho Park, Jung-Hee Lee
Summary: AlGaN/GaN HEMT grown on high-quality AlN buffer layer exhibits low OFF-state leakage current and high I-ON/I-OFF, with the undoped AlN buffer layer effectively suppressing trapping effects and reducing current dispersion in pulsed characteristics. The device also demonstrates high breakdown voltage and excellent figure of merit, showing promise for high-performance RF and power applications.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Yu-Shyan Lin, Shin-Fu Lin
Summary: The study demonstrates that adding a TiO2 passivation layer can significantly increase the third-order intercept point (OIP3) value of AlGaN/GaN HEMTs and reduce the minimum noise figure (NFmin) significantly.
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Pengfei Wan, Jianqun Yang, Gang Lv, Ling Lv, Shangli Dong, Weiqi Li, Xiaodong Xu, Chao Peng, Zhangang Zhang, Xingji Li
Summary: The role of hydrogen in radiation degradation of AlGaN/GaN HEMTs was explored by comparing the performance of hydrogen untreated and pretreated devices under exposure to carbon ions. The experiments showed that hydrogen pretreatment accelerated the shift of threshold voltage and the decrease of transconductance, while also inhibiting the formation of gallium vacancies. Additionally, first principle calculations indicated that the presence of hydrogen in the GaN layer reduced the formation energy of defects, suggesting that hydrogen atoms participate in the evolution of radiation defects in the devices.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Ziwen Chen, Shaozhong Yue, Chao Peng, Zhangang Zhang, Chang Liu, Lei Wang, Yiming Huang, Yun Huang, Yujuan He, Xiangli Zhong, Zhifeng Lei
Summary: The recovery effect of hydrogen on high-fluence proton-irradiated AlGaN/GaN HEMTs was found to be better than that of ordinary thermal annealing. After hydrogen treatment, the irradiated HEMT device showed improvements in saturation current, threshold voltage, gate leakage current, and gate lag. The trap density in the device decreased after both ordinary thermal annealing and hydrogen treatment, indicating possible H-passivated defects in the structures.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
Mohammad Abdul Alim, Abu Zahed Chowdhury, Shariful Islam, Christophe Gaquiere, Giovanni Crupi
Summary: This paper provides a comparative analysis of the thermal impact on the microwave performance of high electron-mobility transistors (HEMTs) based on GaAs and GaN technologies, showing that while similar trends are observed for the two different technologies, the impact of temperature is more pronounced in the GaN device.
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Fang Zhang, Xuefeng Zheng, Hao Zhang, Minhan Mi, Yunlong He, Ming Du, Xiaohua Ma, Yue Hao
Summary: In this study, a linear enhancement AlGaN/GaN HEMT with high power density and high efficiency for X-band application was successfully achieved using the selective-area charge implantation (SCI) technique. The under-gate SCI technique was employed to realize device-level transconductance compensation, which significantly improved the linearity of the device. Experimental results demonstrated that SCI HEMTs have immense potential for microwave power amplifiers requiring high linearity.
IEEE ELECTRON DEVICE LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Physics, Applied
Alessandro Caria, Carlo De Santi, Matteo Buffolo, Gaudenzio Meneghesso, Enrico Zanoni, Matteo Meneghini
Summary: The degradation of InGaN-GaN LEDs under high photon densities has been studied, revealing optically-induced processes that decrease internal quantum efficiency. Measurements show a shallow level related to defects which result in an increase in yellow luminescence.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
Nicola Trivellin, Davide Fiorimonte, Francesco Piva, Matteo Buffolo, Carlo De Santi, Gaudenzio Meneghesso, Enrico Zanoni, Matteo Meneghini
Summary: This study reports on the reliability of recent commercial UVC LED devices and their efficacy in antiviral technologies for COVID-19. An in-depth analysis of four different state-of-the-art commercial LEDs suitable for disinfection applications indicates limited reliability possibly related to an increase in Shockley-Read-Hall (SRH) recombination. Suggestions for product design improvements will be proposed based on the results of this work.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Claudia Casu, Matteo Buffolo, Alessandro Caria, Carlo De Santi, Enrico Zanoni, Gaudenzio Meneghesso, Matteo Meneghini
Summary: This study investigates the defectiveness and degradation mechanisms of InGaN-based quantum wells. By designing a color-coded structure and using numerical simulations, it is found that an increase in traps in the active region is the main cause of degradation. The degradation process consists of two phases, with the first phase occurring in the quantum well closer to the p-contact. The stronger degradation in this well may be due to a lowering of injection efficiency or an increase in SRH recombination.
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Marco Nicoletto, Alessandro Caria, Carlo De Santi, Matteo Buffolo, Xuanqui Huang, Houqiang Fu, Hong Chen, Yuji Zhao, Gaudenzio Meneghesso, Enrico Zanoni, Matteo Meneghini
Summary: In this article, we extensively investigate the degradation of gallium nitride (GaN)-based high periodicity indium GaN (InGaN)-GaN multiple quantum well (MQW) solar cells under optical stress at high excitation intensity and high temperature. The obtained results suggest that the degradation originates from the diffusion of hydrogen, and the proposed analytical methodology provides insight into MQW solar cell degradation.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES
(2023)
Article
Physics, Applied
Zequan Chen, Abhishek Mishra, Aditya K. Bhat, Matthew D. Smith, Michael J. Uren, Sandeep Kumar, Masataka Higashiwaki, Martin Kuball
Summary: The frequency dispersion of impedance in lateral beta-Ga2O3 MOSFETs has been studied and a model has been developed to explain the phenomenon. The dispersion is caused by the resistive and capacitive coupling between the terminal contact pads and the buried conducting layer at the unintentionally-doped epitaxy/substrate interface, which also leads to a buried parallel leakage path. It is shown that the dispersion is not related to gate dielectric traps, as commonly assumed. A generalized equivalent circuit model is proposed to explain the experimental results.
APPLIED PHYSICS EXPRESS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Gao Zhan, Fabiana Rampazzo, Carlo De Santi, Mirko Fornasier, Gaudenzio Meneghesso, Matteo Meneghini, Herve Blanck, Jan Gruenenpuett, Daniel Sommer, Ding Yuan Chen, Kai-Hsin Wen, Jr-Tai Chen, Enrico Zanoni
Summary: DC characteristics of AlGaN/GaN HEMTs with different thickness values of the undoped GaN channel layer were compared. An abnormal transconductance (gm) overshoot accompanied by a negative threshold voltage (V-TH) shift was observed during IDS-V-GS sweep in devices with thinner GaN layer. At the same time, a non-monotonic increase in gate current was observed. In OFF-state, electron trapping occurs in the undoped GaN layer or at the GaN/AlN interface, leading to a positive VTH shift. When the device is turning on at a sufficiently high V-DS, electron de-trapping occurs due to trap impact-ionization; consequently, V-TH and therefore ID suddenly recovers, leading to the gm overshoot effect. These effects are attributed to electron trap impact-ionization and consequent modulation of the device's electric field.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Nicola Trivellin, Francesco Piva, Davide Fiorimonte, Matteo Buffolo, Carlo De Santi, Enrico Zanoni, Gaudenzio Meneghesso, Matteo Meneghini
Summary: This study reports on the reliability of commercial ultraviolet-C (UV-C) light-emitting diodes (LEDs) under constant current stress. Electrical, optical, and spectral analyses were conducted on UV-C LEDs with a peak emission at 275 nm and a nominal power of 12 mW at 100 mA. Degradation tests were performed at maximum rated current, double the maximum, and three times the maximum. The results show that LED lifetime is inversely proportional to the stress current density, potentially due to high-energy electrons from Auger-Meitner recombination.
PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI A-APPLICATIONS AND MATERIALS SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Akhil S. Kumar, Michael J. Uren, Justin Parke, H. George Henry, Robert S. Howell, Martin Kuball
Summary: Multichannel RF power amplifiers provide high frequency operation, high current and RF power, and excellent linearity. By using 3D and 2D simulations, the impact of device architecture on linearity and off-state reliability can be investigated, leading to an improved linear design without compromising reliability. Linearity is assessed using a 2D approximation which is computationally efficient, while off-state reliability is evaluated using a full 3D simulation to measure peak electric field. The study suggests that introducing channel number-dependent doping can enhance transconductance-linearity, and increasing gate dielectric thickness or fin width leads to a strong increase in third order intercept, while maintaining reliability requires increased fin height to reduce electric field.
SEMICONDUCTOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Alessandro Caria, Carlo De Santi, Matteo Buffolo, Marco Nicoletto, Xuanqi Huang, Houqiang Fu, Hong Chen, Yuji Zhao, Gaudenzio Meneghesso, Enrico Zanoni, Matteo Meneghini
Summary: The aim of this article is to investigate the degradation mechanisms of GaN solar cells under harsh conditions, specifically forward current stress. The results indicate that the main parameters of the cells decrease under this stress, and there is a correlation between the charge distribution inside the active region and the concentration of trap states. The decrease in power conversion efficiency is attributed to a redistribution of charge in the active region, resulting in an increase in midgap states density. These findings fill the gap in the literature regarding the long-term reliability of GaN solar cells under harsh conditions.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES
(2023)
Editorial Material
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Michael Kneissl, Juergen Christen, Axel Hoffmann, Bo Monemar, Tim Wernicke, Ulrich Schwarz, Asa Haglund, Matteo Meneghini
PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI A-APPLICATIONS AND MATERIALS SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Nicola Modolo, Carlo De Santi, Giulio Baratella, Andrea Minetto, Luca Sayadi, Sebastien Sicre, Gerhard Prechtl, Gaudenzio Meneghesso, Enrico Zanoni, Matteo Meneghini
Summary: Ideally, the emission profile in semiconductors should follow a pure exponential decay, but complex devices often exhibit a strongly stretched exponential shape. Conventional methodologies for mapping capture/emission time constants may lead to inaccuracies. In this article, a new methodology based on the double inverse Laplace transform is introduced to accurately extract the capture-emission time map of defects. The proposed approach is compared with conventional approximations, providing insight into the accuracy of simplified methods. The method is tested on custom-generated functions and successfully applied to extract the capture/emission time map from a power GaN HEMT subjected to positive bias instability test.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES
(2023)
Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
Alexander Herzog, Simon Benkner, Babak Zandi, Matteo Buffolo, Willem D. Van Driel, Matteo Meneghini, Tran Quoc Khanh
Summary: This study reports on the degradation mechanisms and dynamics of silicone encapsulated high-power ultraviolet A (UV-A) light-emitting diodes (LEDs) with a peak wavelength of 365 nm. Stress tests were conducted for 8665 hours at forward currents ranging from 350 mA to 700 mA and junction temperatures up to 132 degrees C. The results showed a significant decrease in optical power, with faster degradation at higher operating conditions. The degradation mechanisms were analyzed, and a degradation model was proposed to estimate the device lifetime under different operating parameters. Additional stress test data was used to validate the accuracy of the model's lifetime predictions.