期刊
IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION MAGAZINE
卷 51, 期 6, 页码 44-57出版社
IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
DOI: 10.1109/MAP.2009.5433096
关键词
RFID; safety; tag; reader; read zone; ray tracing; antenna radiation patterns
The reading range is one of the most critical performance indicators of radio-frequency identification (RFID) systems. It depends on many physical and geometrical parameters, Typically, in the ultra-high-frequency band (UHF: 860 MHz to 960 MHz), the maximum size of the reading region is estimated by the free-space propagation model. This is based on the Friis formula, even if much more accurate predictions may be accomplished nowadays by time-consuming electromagnetic simulations, accounting for the antennas and the interaction with the nearby environment. This paper proposes a general parameterization of the three-dimensional reading region. This done having introduced all of the accessible system data, such as the emitted power, the reader and tag-over-object radiation patterns, and also the interrogation duty cycle, the scenario features, and the safety regulation constraints. Within this framework, the opportunity and some improvements of the free-space model are analyzed. They are compared with measurements and with more-accurate three-dimensional simulations of realistic environments. The discussion demonstrates the validity range of the free-space approximations, and evaluates-the improvement achieved by including the main interactions with the environment. The derived formulas are ready to use and to be applied for the planning and optimization of reader-tag networks.
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