Article
Environmental Sciences
Sebastian Kraft, MJose Perez-Alvarez, Carlos Olavarria, Rodrigo Moraga, C. Scott Baker, Debbie Steel, Paul Tixier, Christophe Guinet, Amelia Viricel, Paul Brickle, Marina Costa, Enrique Crespo, Cristian Durante, Rocio Loizaga, Elie Poulin
Summary: Commerson's dolphins are divided into two subspecies, with the Kerguelen Islands subspecies thought to have originated from South America. Genetic differences exist between the two subspecies, supporting the model of post-glacial colonization of the Kerguelen Islands by South American Commerson's dolphins.
FRONTIERS IN MARINE SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Jorge F. Perez-Quezada, Jonathan Barichivich, Rocio Urrutia-Jalabert, Enrique Carrasco, David Aguilera, Cedric Bacour, Antonio Lara
Summary: A study found that the ancient evergreen rainforest in the Coastal Range of southern Chile, represented by Fitzroya cupressoides, has excellent carbon sequestration capacity in the cool and rainy early spring, but it rapidly decreases during the summer dry season. These results suggest that climate change may negatively affect the carbon balance of these ancient rainforests, highlighting the importance of maintaining long-term ecological research sites in the Southern Hemisphere.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Plant Sciences
Stanislav Bashalkhanov, Jeremy S. Johnson, Om P. Rajora
Summary: Climate change has led to a significant decline in red spruce populations in the Southern Appalachians. The study found that red spruce has undergone introgressive hybridization with black spruce, and the northern populations of red spruce have higher genetic diversity and differentiation. Fossil data suggests that red spruce and black spruce occupied separate refugia during the last glaciation period and experienced post-glacial migration and hybridization. The projected climate change may lead to the extinction of pure southern red spruce populations.
FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Megan Ruffley, Megan L. Smith, Anahi Espindola, Daniel F. Turck, Niels Mitchell, Bryan Carstens, Jack Sullivan, David C. Tank
Summary: The disjunct temperate rainforests in the Pacific Northwest of North America are characterized by two dominant tree species, western redcedar and western hemlock. The demographic histories of these species have been influenced by geological and climatic changes over the last 5 million years, including glaciations. Genomic data analysis reveals that both inland and coastal populations of these species diverged around 2.5 million years ago and experienced population size changes during glacial cycles. Importantly, there was evidence of gene flow between coastal and inland populations during the mid-Holocene.
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
Ilya V. Vikhrev, Evgenii P. Ieshko, Alexander V. Kondakov, Nikolai S. Mugue, Galina V. Bovykina, Denis A. Efremov, Andrei G. Bulakhov, Alena A. Tomilova, Olesya A. Yunitsyna, Ivan N. Bolotov
Summary: This study reconstructs the post-glacial expansion routes of the freshwater pearl mussel based on FST genetic distances and the connection between its distribution and salmonid expansion. The populations from North America and Northeastern Europe are the closest, supporting the idea of North Atlantic salmon colonization. Unique haplotypes in the Baltic and White Sea basins may have originated from isolated glacial refugia. The Iberian populations are the most distant, consistent with the role of the Iberian Peninsula as a glacial refugium. Northern and Eastern Karelia populations show high genetic diversity due to migration and admixture.
Article
Geography, Physical
Zhongjing Cheng, Jiawang Wu, Chuanxiu Luo, Zhifei Liu, Enqing Huang, Hongchao Zhao, Lu Dai, Chengyu Weng
Summary: This study presents new marine pollen records from the southern South China Sea during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) and finds that the sites in front of the Sunda Shelf palaeo-rivers contain more Poaceae pollen and a smaller size fraction compared to the offshore site near North Borneo. Abundant lowland tree pollen with similar major taxa is also observed. These results suggest a longitudinal climate gradient with increasing aridity towards the interior of glacial Sundaland, supporting the hypothesis of a savanna corridor over the LGM Sundaland.
QUATERNARY SCIENCE REVIEWS
(2023)
Article
Forestry
Mariangela Paratori, Fernando J. Novoa, Tomas A. Altamirano, Cristian Bonacic, Jose Tomas Ibarra
Summary: Tree cavities are important habitats for many species, but their availability is declining worldwide due to the loss of old-growth forests. In our study of Andean temperate forests in Chile, we found that cavities in nonexcavated trees survived longer than those in excavated trees. Cavities' survival was influenced by factors such as their origin, cavity depth, tree decay class, branch order, and tree diameter class. It is suggested that forest management should maintain structural complexity to ensure a continuous supply of substrates for cavity formation.
FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT
(2023)
Article
Plant Sciences
M. Delgado, A. Zuniga-Feest, M. Reyes-Diaz, P. J. Barra, S. Ruiz, A. Bertin-Benavides, S. Valle, M. Pereira, H. Lambers
Summary: Southern South American Proteaceae show different growth and nutrient acquisition capabilities on young and nutrient-poor volcanic substrates, with seed nutrient content, formation of cluster roots, and exudation of carboxylates playing important roles in their adaptation.
FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Ecology
Serge Payette, Vanessa Pilon, Mathieu Fregeau, Pierre-Luc Couillard, Jason Laflamme
Summary: Charcoal C-14 dates from two sites showed that 44 and 55 fires have occurred since the early Holocene, with an average interval of 170 to 215 years. The vegetation followed three distinct post-glacial trajectories, with periods dominated by boreal conifers, white pine forests, and eventually hardwood forests. Recurrent fires have been a key driver of long-term dynamics, potentially influenced by climate, in several temperate forests in eastern North America.
Article
Anthropology
Richard C. Sutter
Summary: This paper summarizes the archaeological, physiographic, demographic, molecular, and bioarchaeological understanding of the initial peopling and subsequent population dynamics of South America. The colonists from northeastern Asia developed specialized technologies and began cultivating domesticates by 8000 cal BC. Subsequent demographic dispersal largely replaced preexisting populations in South America, but populations outside of the Andes were less impacted by these later expansions.
JOURNAL OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Agronomy
Ignacio Macedo, Alvaro Roel, Walter Ayala, M. Virginia Pravia, Jose A. Terra, Cameron M. Pittelkow
Summary: This study evaluated the effects of different rice rotation systems on rice yield and soil quality in Uruguay. The results showed that rice systems rotated with perennial pastures not only achieved high rice yields and belowground biomass productivity, but also increased soil organic carbon content.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Drew A. Scott, Elizabeth M. Bach, Chris C. Du Preez, Johan Six, Sara G. Baer
Summary: The study found that physically protected carbon in soil with moderate amounts of clay can be predicted with knowledge of roots (biomass and C:N ratio), microbial biomass, and soil aggregation.
Article
Water Resources
Alejandro Basaldua, Emiliano Alcaraz, Mauricio Quiroz-Londono, Cristina Dapena, Eduardo Ibarra, Camilo Velez-Agudelo, Lorenzo Copia, Daniel Martinez
Summary: Tritium is an ideal tracer for groundwater and surface dating, but its records in precipitation are often sparse. By comparing different reconstruction methods, tritium time series curves were obtained for the temperate zone of South America, which can be used as representative input curves for future studies.
HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES
(2022)
Article
Humanities, Multidisciplinary
Philip Riris, Fabio Silva
Summary: The resurgence of inferring episodes of expansion, admixture, diffusion, and migration in prehistory has led to an increasing use of aggregated radiocarbon datasets among archaeologists. This paper advocates for reflexive practice in applying radiocarbon dates to prehistoric dispersals, by considering chronometric uncertainty and hypothesis testing. The analysis draws on cultural expansions in South America to develop an analytical solution that incorporates chronometric uncertainty and tests the datasets for statistically significant evidence of dispersal processes.
HUMANITIES & SOCIAL SCIENCES COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Jesus Castillo, Guy J. D. Kirk, M. Jordana Rivero, Guillermo Fabini, Jose A. Terra, Walter Ayala, Alvaro Roel, Pilar Irisarri, Stephan M. Haefele
Summary: Rotational rice systems in temperate South America, such as the rice-pasture-livestock system of Uruguay, have high rice yields and tight nitrogen balances. This study parameterized and tested the DNDC model for N dynamics in rice-non-rice rotations, providing a foundation for future research on nutrient management. The model performed well in simulating crop yields, N uptake, and soil N. The importance of this research is rated 9 out of 10.
FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS
(2023)
Article
Plant Sciences
Katarzyna Jakimiuk, Michael Wink, Michal Tomczyk
Summary: The Caryophyllaceae plant family, known as the pink family, consists of over 80 genera with more than 2600 species found in temperate climate zones. Plants in this family produce various secondary metabolites, with flavonoids being one of the most extensively studied compounds due to their diverse biological and pharmacological activities.
PHYTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS
(2022)
Review
Cell Biology
Javad Sharifi-Rad, Cristina Quispe, Carla Marina Salgado Castillo, Rodrigo Caroca, Marco A. Lazo-Velez, Halyna Antonyak, Alexandr Polishchuk, Roman Lysiuk, Petro Oliinyk, Luigi De Masi, Paola Bontempo, Miquel Martorell, Sevgi Durna Dastan, Daniela Rigano, Michael Wink, William C. Cho
Summary: Ellagic acid is a bioactive compound found in plants, which has various health-promoting effects, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimutagenic, and antiproliferative properties. It has also been found to have protective effects on allergies, atherosclerosis, heart, liver, kidney, and nervous system.
OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Fadia S. Youssef, Mansour Sobeh, Malak Dmirieh, Hanin A. Bogari, Abdulrahman E. Koshak, Michael Wink, Mohamed L. Ashour, Sameh S. Elhady
Summary: The antioxidant activity of different extracts from the leaves of C. speciosum was investigated in vitro, in vivo, and in silico. The results showed that all tested samples displayed considerable antioxidant activity, with the ethyl acetate fraction exhibiting the strongest activity. Metabolic profiling revealed the presence of sixteen secondary metabolites in the total methanol extract.
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
Hanna Lohvina, Makai Sandor, Michael Wink
Summary: This study evaluated the effect of ethanol concentration on the extraction of total phenolic content and antioxidant properties of fenugreek seed extracts. The results showed that 70% ethanol solution resulted in the highest total phenolic content for both fenugreek varieties. The polyphenolic profiles of fenugreek were inferred to consist of flavone C-glycosides linked with different glycones.
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Marek Bunse, Rolf Daniels, Carsten Gruendemann, Joerg Heilmann, Dietmar R. Kammerer, Michael Keusgen, Ulrike Lindequist, Matthias F. Melzig, Gertrud E. Morlock, Hartwig Schulz, Ralf Schweiggert, Meinhard Simon, Florian C. Stintzing, Michael Wink
Summary: Essential oils and their individual volatile organic constituents have been used for thousands of years and have various applications in perfumes, cosmetics, and healthcare. They possess antibacterial, antiviral, and anti-inflammatory properties and have been used for both therapy and prevention of diseases. Essential oils are complex mixtures obtained from natural plant materials, and their multi-component composition contributes to their diverse pharmacological potential. They are already widely used in aromatherapy, inhalation therapy, and topical administration for managing various health conditions.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Hanin A. Bogari, Rasha M. H. Rashied, Mohamed A. O. Abdelfattah, Rania T. Malatani, Roaa M. Khinkar, Rawan H. Hareeri, Michael Wink, Mansour Sobeh
Summary: This study investigated the phytochemical composition and antioxidant properties of E. divinorum leaf extract, revealing its potential as an effective antioxidant for treating oxidative stress-related disorders.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Daila I. Hamdan, Nora Tawfeek, Riham A. El-Shiekh, Heba M. A. Khalil, Mohamed Y. Mahmoud, Alaa F. Bakr, Dalia Zaafar, Nawaal Farrag, Michael Wink, Assem Mohamed El-Shazly
Summary: A study has found that chitosan nanoparticles loaded with Salix subserrata Willd bark extract show significant neuroprotective and antioxidant effects against arsenic-induced neurotoxicity, reducing brain damage caused by arsenic exposure.
Article
Plant Sciences
Rajeev K. Singla, Ronita De, Thomas Efferth, Bruno Mezzetti, Md Sahab Uddin, Sanusi, Fidele Ntie-Kang, Dongdong Wang, Fabien Schultz, Kiran R. Kharat, Hari Prasad Devkota, Maurizio Battino, Daniel Sur, Ronan Lordan, Sourav S. Patnaik, Christos Tsagkaris, Chandragiri Siva Sai, Surya Kant Tripathi, Mihnea-Alexandru Gaman, Mosa E. O. Ahmed, Elena Gonzalez-Burgos, Smith B. Babiaka, Shravan Kumar Paswan, Joy Ifunanya Odimegwu, Faizan Akram, Jesus Simal-Gandara, Magali S. Urquiza, Aleksei Tikhonov, Himel Mondal, Shailja Singla, Sara Di Lonardo, Eoghan J. Mulholland, Merisa Cenanovic, Abdulkadir Yusif Maigoro, Francesca Giampieri, Soojin Lee, Nikolay T. Tzvetkov, Anna Maria Louka, Pritt Verma, Hitesh Chopra, Scarlett Perez Olea, Johra Khan, Jose M. Alvarez Suarez, Xiaonan Zheng, Michal Tomczyk, Manoj Kumar Sabnani, Christhian Delfino Villanueva Medina, Garba M. Khalid, Hemanth Kumar Boyina, Milen Georgiev, Claudiu T. Supuran, Eduardo Sobarzo-Sanchez, Tai-Ping Fan, Valeria Pittala, Antoni Sureda, Nady Braidy, Gian Luigi Russo, Rosa Anna Vacca, Maciej Banach, Gerard Lizard, Amira Zarrouk, Sonia Hammami, Ilkay Erdogan Orhan, Bharat B. Aggarwal, George Perry, Mark J. S. Miller, Michael Heinrich, Anupam Bishayee, Anake Kijjoa, Nicolas Arkells, David Bredt, Michael Wink, Bernd L. Fiebich, Gangarapu Kiran, Andy Wai Kan Yeung, Girish Kumar Gupta, Antonello Santini, Massimo Lucarini, Alessandra Durazzo, Amr El-Demerdash, Albena T. Dinkova-Kostova, Alejandro Cifuentes, Eliana B. Souto, Muhammad Asim Masoom Zubair, Pravin Badhe, Javier Echeverria, Jaroslaw Olav Horbanczuk, Olaf K. Horbanczuk, Helen Sheridan, Sadeeq Muhammad Sheshe, Anna Maria Witkowska, Ibrahim M. Abu-Reidah, Muhammad Riaz, Hammad Ullah, Akolade R. Oladipupo, Victor Lopez, Neeraj Kumar Sethiya, Bhupal Govinda Shrestha, Palaniyandi Ravanan, Subash Chandra Gupta, Qushmua E. Alzahrani, Preethidan Dama Sreedhar, Jianbo Xiao, Mohammad Amin Moosavi, Parasuraman Aiya Subramani, Amit Kumar Singh, Ananda Kumar Chettupalli, Jayanta Kumar Patra, Gopal Singh, Tomasz M. Karpinski, Fuad Al-Rimawi, Rambod Abiri, Atallah F. Ahmed, Davide Barreca, Sharad Vats, Said Amrani, Carmela Fimognari, Andrei Mocan, Lucian Hritcu, Prabhakar Semwal, Md Shiblur Rahaman, Mila Emerald, Akinleye Stephen Akinrinde, Abhilasha Singh, Ashima Joshi, Tanuj Joshi, Shafaat Yar Khan, Gareeballah Osman Adam Balla, Aiping Lu, Sandeep Ramchandra Pai, Imen Ghzaiel, Niyazi Acar, Nour Eddine Es-Safi, Gokhan Zengin, Azazahemad A. Kureshi, Arvind Kumar Sharma, Bikash Baral, Neeraj Rani, Philippe Jeandet, Monica Gulati, Bhupinder Kapoor, Yugal Kishore Mohanta, Zahra Emam-Djomeh, Raphael Onuku, Jennifer R. Depew, Omar M. Atrooz, Bey Hing Goh, Jose Carlos Andrade, Bikramjit Konwar, V. J. Shine, Joao Miguel Lousa Dias Ferreira, Jamil Ahmad, Vivek K. Chaturvedi, Krystyna Skalicka-Wozniak, Rohit Sharma, Rupesh K. Gautam, Sebastian Granica, Salvatore Parisi, Rishabh Kumar, Atanas G. Atanasov, Bairong Shen
Summary: The development of digital technologies and open innovation approaches has enabled the creation of virtual organizations and enterprises. The International Natural Product Sciences Taskforce (INPST) is an open innovation platform that brings together individuals and organizations interested in natural product scientific research. This study presents an overview of INPST activities and showcases the use of Twitter as a powerful networking tool, demonstrated through the 2021 INPST Twitter Networking Event.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Eman M. Kabbash, Zeinab T. Abdel-Shakour, Sherweit H. El-Ahmady, Michael Wink, Iriny M. Ayoub
Summary: This study analyzed the chemical composition of ethanolic extracts of olive leaves from different cultivars using HPLC/PDA/ESI-MS/MS, and identified 49 phytochemicals. Seasonal variation was observed to impact the chemical composition.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Wafae Squalli, Michael Wink, Ismail Mansouri, Fatima Fadil, Mohamed Dakki
Summary: This study provides the first estimation of the breeding population density and reproductive advantages of the turtle dove in Morocco and North Africa. The study found that olive groves were the main nesting site for turtle doves, while cereals were their primary food source and aquatic ecosystems provided water. The breeding period lasted from late April to July, and the breeding success rate was relatively high.
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Paloma Lucia Guerra-Avila, Tereso J. Guzman, Jose Alfredo Dominguez-Rosales, Pedro Macedonio Garcia-Lopez, Alejandra Beatriz Cervantes-Garduno, Michael Wink, Carmen Magdalena Gurrola-Diaz
Summary: This study evaluated the antidiabetic effect of different dose combinations of C gamma and lupanine on a T2D rat model, and assessed the biochemical parameters and liver gene expression profile. The combination of 28 mg/kg BW C gamma + 20 mg/kg BW lupanine significantly reduced glycemia and lipid levels, and positively influenced the expression of several genes associated with oxidative stress, apoptosis regulation, and glucose and fatty-acid homeostasis.
Article
Ornithology
Justyna Kubacka, Anna Dubiec, Judith Korb, Volker Salewski, Andrzej Dyrcz, Julien Foucher, Benedikt Giessing, Bernd Leisler, Karl Schulze-Hagen, Michael Wink, Hanna Panagiotopoulou
Summary: The loss of breeding habitat and depletion of genetic diversity can have significant negative effects on species, particularly habitat specialists. This study focused on the Aquatic Warbler, a threatened European songbird that breeds in fens which have been fragmented and lost over time. Using microsatellite loci, the researchers compared samples collected recently with those obtained about two decades earlier to explore changes in genetic diversity, population size, structure, and gene flow. The results indicate low genetic diversity, changes in allele frequencies, and high gene flow between distant breeding sites, suggesting resilience to habitat fragmentation and potential success in recolonizing restored habitat patches.
Review
Biodiversity Conservation
Rano Mamadalieva, Vahobjon Khujaev, Michal Soral, Nilufar Z. Mamadalieva, Michael Wink
Summary: The genus Allochrusa, native to Central Asia, Turkey, Iran, Afghanistan, and the Caucasus, has been widely used in folk medicine and in the preparation of sweets and detergents. It contains a variety of secondary metabolites, including triterpene glycosides, ecdysteroids, flavonoids, volatile compounds, fatty acids, polysaccharides, pectins, hemicelluloses, and other phytochemicals. Pharmacological studies have shown that compounds and extracts from Allochrusa species exhibit anti-inflammatory, adjuvant, hemolytic, cytotoxic, antifungal, analgesic, antioxidant, and other activities. This review summarizes the chemical compounds and diverse biological activities of the Allochrusa genus.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Rano Mamadalieva, Vaxobjon Xujayev, Farukh S. Sharopov, Michael Wink
Summary: A crude methanol extract from the roots of Allochrusa gypsophiloides was characterized chemically, revealing the presence of six major bisdesmosidic saponins. Five of these compounds were reported for the first time in this species. The water extract of A. gypsophiloides exhibited the highest cytotoxicity among the tested extracts, with IC50 values of 23.6 and 31.9 μg/mL in CCR-CEM and CEM/ADR5000 cell lines, respectively.
NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Ornithology
Clive R. Barlow, Heimo Mikkola, Michael Wink, Erik Brohaugh, Asaph Brohaugh
Summary: The Greyish Eagle Owl has been re-established as a separate species through morphological and genetic studies, after being considered a subspecies of the Spotted Eagle Owl. Additionally, the first specimen and observation records since 1894 have been found. The study also suggests that the Greyish Eagle Owl is distributed throughout various habitats in The Gambia and may breed year-round.