Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Hussein F. Sakr, Srinivasa Rao Sirasanagandla, Srijit Das, Abdulhadi I. Bima, Ayman Z. Elsamanoudy
Summary: Factors such as aging, unhealthy lifestyle, snacking, a Western diet, and smoking contribute to high blood pressure and increase the risk of heart disease. A low-carbohydrate, high-fat diet can improve insulin sensitivity, reduce atherosclerosis risk factors, and help control blood pressure. This review emphasizes the importance of lifestyle changes and the potential benefits of the LCHF diet in managing hypertension and reducing the need for medication.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Lucia Mastrototaro, Michael Roden
Summary: Insulin resistance is a common feature of obesity and type 2 diabetes, and different subtypes of diabetes exhibit varying degrees of insulin resistance. Reduction of fat mass explains the success of lifestyle modification in improving insulin sensitivity, and both older antihyperglycemic drugs and novel therapeutic concepts can help reduce insulin resistance.
METABOLISM-CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL
(2021)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Valeria Calcaterra, Elvira Verduci, Martina Chiara Pascuzzi, Vittoria Carlotta Magenes, Giulia Fiore, Elisabetta Di Profio, Elisavietta Tenuta, Alessandra Bosetti, Carolina Federica Todisco, Enza D'Auria, Gianvincenzo Zuccotti
Summary: Obesity is characterized by excessive fat accumulation and has negative health consequences. In children, obesity is associated with an increased risk for diseases such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular events. The ketogenic diet has been proposed as a promising intervention for addressing metabolic and cardiovascular risk factors related to obesity.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Timea Kurdiova, Miroslav Balaz, Zuzana Kovanicova, Erika Zemkova, Martin Kuzma, Vitazoslav Belan, Juraj Payer, Daniela Gasperikova, Hans Dieplinger, Barbara Ukropcova, Jozef Ukropec
Summary: Subjects with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes had the highest serum afamin levels. Afamin was more tightly related to hepatic lipid accumulation, liver damage, and insulin resistance than to obesity. Exercise intervention led to changes in afamin levels, insulin levels, and visceral adiposity, with no significant change in hepatic lipid content observed.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Xiaofan Jiang, Yuwei Zhang, Weichao Hu, Yuxiu Liang, Liang Zheng, Juan Zheng, Baozhen Wang, Xin Guo
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the role of leucine and exercise in adiposity, systemic insulin resistance, and inflammation to provide theoretical and guiding basis for early prevention and treatment of obesity. The results showed that exercise increased insulin sensitivity and decreased adiposity in LFD mice, while the combined intervention of exercise and leucine reduced inflammation and increased adiponectin expression in HFD mice. Different mechanisms were found in the effects of exercise and leucine on insulin resistance and inflammation in LFD-fed mice or HFD-fed mice.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Linda A. Gallo, Tania F. Gallo, Sophia L. Young, Amelia K. Fotheringham, Johanna L. Barclay, Jacqueline L. Walker, Karen M. Moritz, Lisa K. Akison
Summary: There is a lack of data on whether Australian university students are meeting specific nutrient guidelines, and the study found that a large proportion of students do not meet recommendations for fruits, vegetables, fibre, calcium, and potassium. Female students especially showed low intakes of calcium and iron. Majority of students met the physical activity requirements, but there were signs of early insulin resistance in some students. Increasing intake of fruits, vegetables, and dairy, as well as focusing on iron-rich foods for females, could help correct nutrient deficiencies. While these deficiencies did not show immediate health concerns, they can have long-term effects on overall health.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Amanda J. Genders, Jujiao Kuang, Evelyn C. Marin, Nicholas J. Saner, Javier Botella, Macsue Jacques, Glenn K. McConell, Victor A. Andrade-Souza, Javier Chagolla, David J. Bishop
Summary: This study investigated the relationship between mitochondrial content, respiratory function, and whole-body insulin resistance in high-fat diet (HFD) fed rats. The results showed that HFD rats had impaired glucose and insulin tolerance but increased mitochondrial respiratory function. Exercise training improved glucose and insulin tolerance in HFD rats, while not affecting mitochondrial respiratory function and content. The lack of a strong association between mitochondrial characteristics and whole-body insulin resistance was highlighted by the absence of strong correlations between these measures.
JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Michalina Banaszak, Ilona Gorna, Juliusz Przyslawski
Summary: Plant-based diets are gaining popularity due to their environmental and health benefits. Vegetarians consume more fruits, vegetables, and fiber compared to omnivores, resulting in better nutrition knowledge, increased lifespan, and a lower risk of chronic diseases.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ana Paula Garcia Bochi, Guilherme da Silva Ferreira, Vanessa Del Bianco, Paula Ramos Pinto, Leticia Gomes Rodrigues, Mayara da Silva Trevisani, Luzia Naoko Shinohara Furukawa, Kely Cristina Soares Bispo, Alexandre Alves da Silva, Ana Paula Pereira Velosa, Edna Regina Nakandakare, Ubiratan Fabres Machado, Walcy Paganelli Rosolia Teodoro, Marisa Passarelli, Sergio Catanozi
Summary: This study found that aerobic exercise training can prevent dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, and atherogenesis induced by severe low-sodium diet. Aerobic exercise training can improve arterial lipid infiltration, reduce AT1 receptor levels, and improve peripheral insulin resistance caused by dietary restriction. Additionally, the effects of aerobic exercise training are independent of improvements in plasma lipid profile.
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Valeria Calcaterra, Elvira Verduci, Matteo Vandoni, Virginia Rossi, Giulia Fiore, Giulia Massini, Clarissa Berardo, Alessandro Gatti, Paola Baldassarre, Alice Bianchi, Erika Cordaro, Caterina Cavallo, Cristina Cereda, Alessandra Bosetti, Gianvincenzo Zuccotti
Summary: Childhood obesity increases the risk of metabolic derangements such as insulin resistance. Adopting a healthy lifestyle, including physical exercise and balanced diet, has positive effects on managing insulin resistance and related metabolic disorders.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Pauline S. Effting, Anand Thirupathi, Alexandre P. Muller, Barbara C. Pereira, Diane M. Sepa-Kishi, Luis F. B. Marqueze, Franciane T. F. Vasconcellos, Renata T. Nesi, Talita C. B. Pereira, Luiza W. Kist, Mauricio R. Bogo, Rolando B. Ceddia, Ricardo A. Pinho
Summary: This study found that ladder climbing, as a model of resistance exercise, can reverse the metabolic and inflammatory effects of high-fat diet-induced obesity in mice. The training reduced body weight, adipocyte size, improved glycemic control, and reduced inflammation in skeletal muscles.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Eugene Scharf, Evelyn Zeiler, Mackson Ncube, Patricia Kolbe, Su-Yeon Hwang, Alan Goldhamer, Toshia R. Myers
Summary: This study investigates the effects of prolonged water-only fasting followed by an exclusively whole-plant-food refeeding on cardiometabolic disease. The results suggest that at the end of fasting, blood pressure, abdominal circumference, LDL, and hsCRP decreased, but TG and HOMA-IR scores increased, indicating the need for further research.
Article
Sport Sciences
Hiroto Honda, Makoto Igaki, Motoaki Komatsu, Shin-ichiro Tanaka
Summary: The study found that moderate-intensity seated exercise can improve insulin resistance in hypertensive individuals without exercise habits, reducing the risk of deterioration in metabolic outcomes.
JOURNAL OF EXERCISE SCIENCE & FITNESS
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Fangzhou Cheng, Yaoshan Dun, Jing Cheng, Jeffrey W. Ripley-Gonzalez, Wenlong Jiang, Baiyang You, Suixin Liu
Summary: This study investigates how exercise training acts on insulin resistance (IR) through the mechanism of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and blocked autophagy caused by a high-fat diet (HFD). The findings suggest that exercise training can facilitate HFD-blocked protective autophagy via the activation of the AMPK/PGC1 alpha pathway to relieve insulin resistance in mice.
BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Xiaoqin Hu, Yanfeng Xi, Wenqi Bai, Zhenjun Zhang, Jiahao Qi, Liang Dong, Huiting Liang, Zeyu Sun, Lijian Lei, Guoquan Fan, Chenming Sun, Cheng Huo, Jianjun Huang, Tong Wang
Summary: ADIPOQ gene polymorphisms are associated with hypertension risk, and there is an antagonistic interaction between ADIPOQ polymorphisms and lipid levels.