Pregnancy Downregulates Actin Polymerization and Pressure-Dependent Myogenic Tone in Ovine Uterine Arteries

Pregnancy is associated with significantly decreased uterine vascular tone and increased uterine blood flow. The present study tested the hypothesis that the downregulation of actin polymerization plays a key role in reduced vascular tone of uterine arteries in the pregnant state. Uterine arteries were isolated from nonpregnant and near-term pregnant sheep. Activation of protein kinase C significantly increased the filamentous: globular actin ratio and contractions in the uterine arteries, which were inhibited by an actin polymerization inhibitor cytochalasin B. The basal levels of filamentous: globular actin were significantly higher in nonpregnant uterine arteries than those in near-term pregnant sheep. Prolonged treatment (48 hours) of nonpregnant sheep with 17 beta-estradiol (0.3 nmol/L) and progesterone (100.0 nmol/L) caused a significant decrease in the filamentous: globular actin. In accordance, the treatment of near-term pregnant sheep for 48 hours with an estrogen antagonist ICI 182 780 (10.0 mu mol/L) and progesterone antagonist RU 486 (1.0 mu mol/L) significantly increased the levels of filamentous: globular actin. Increased intraluminal pressure from 20 to 100 mm Hg resulted in an initial increase in uterine arterial diameter and vascular wall Ca2+ concentrations, followed by a decrease in the diameter at a constant steady-state level of Ca2+. Cytochalasin B blocked pressure-induced myogenic constrictions without effect on vascular wall Ca2+ levels and eliminated the differences in pressure-dependent myogenic tone between nonpregnant sheep and near-term pregnant sheep. The results indicate a key role of actin polymerization in protein kinase C-induced myogenic contractions and suggest a novel mechanism of sex steroid hormone-mediated downregulation of actin polymerization underlying the decreased myogenic tone of uterine arteries in pregnancy. (Hypertension. 2010;56:1009-1015.)