期刊
HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES
卷 25, 期 5, 页码 679-690出版社
WILEY
DOI: 10.1002/hyp.7854
关键词
stream temperature; surface-subsurface interactions; energy budget; hyporheic exchange; groundwater; thermal regime bed heat conduction
资金
- Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada
- Forest Renewal British Columbia
- Province of British Columbia's Forestry Investment Initiative
- BC Ministry of Forests and Range
The objective of this study was to analyse stream temperature variability during summer in relation to both surface heat exchanges and reach-scale hydrology for two hydrogeomorphically distinct reaches. The study focused on a 1.5-km wildfire-disturbed reach of Fishtrap Creek located north of Kamloops, British Columbia. Streamflow measurements and longitudinal surveys of electrical conductivity and water chemistry indicated that the upper 750 m of the study reach was dominated by flow losses. A spring discharged into the stream at 750 m below the upper reach boundary. Below the spring, the stream was neutral to losing on three measurement days, but gained flow on a fourth day that followed a rain event. Continuous stream temperature measurements typically revealed a downstream warming along the upper 750 m of the study reach on summer days, followed by a pronounced cooling associated with the spring, with little downstream change below the spring. Modelled surface energy exchanges were similar over the upper and lower sub-reaches, and thus cannot explain the differences in longitudinal temperature patterns. Application of a Lagrangian stream temperature model provided reasonably accurate predictions for the upper sub-reach. For the lower sub-reach, accurate prediction required specification of concurrent flow losses and gains as a hydrological boundary condition. These findings are consistent with differences in the hydrogeomorphology of the upper and lower sub-reaches. The modelling exercise indicated that substantial errors in predicted stream temperature can occur by representing stream-surface exchange as a reach-averaged one-directional flux computed from differences in streamflow between the upper and lower reach boundaries. Further research should focus on reliable methods for quantifying spatial variations in reach-scale hydrology. Copyright (C) 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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