Article
Biodiversity Conservation
Shanshan Qin, Lili Ma, Da Li, Jing Huang, Lu Zhang, Yunfei Sun, Zhou Yang
Summary: Cladocerans can recognize predation risk through chemical cues and adjust anti-predator defenses based on temperature changes. Elevated temperatures affect the inducible anti-predator defenses and life history traits of Ceriodaphnia cornuta, leading to shifts in survival strategies under warming conditions.
ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Zihang Wang, Yixiang Wang, Shanshan Qin, Zhou Yang, Yunfei Sun
Summary: Polystyrene microplastics are found widely in freshwater ecosystems and have significant impacts on freshwater organisms. Stable interspecific relationships play a crucial role in maintaining the health of aquatic ecosystems. This study investigated the effects of polystyrene microplastics on the predator-induced defenses of Daphnia magna, a zooplankton, exposed to predation risks from Rhodeus ocellatus, a zooplanktivorous fish. Results showed that polystyrene microplastics weakened the predator-induced defenses of D. magna, including morphology, reproduction, and behavior.
ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
(2023)
Article
Ecology
Sandra Klintworth, Eric von Elert
Summary: In aquatic systems, organisms like Daphnia use chemical cues to detect predators like Chaoborus. A previous study showed that food quantity affects the induction of neckteeth in Daphnia, with lower food concentrations leading to stronger induction. However, a new study found that weaker neckteeth induction at high food concentrations is due to increased bacterial degradation of the chemical cue, rather than simply a response to food availability.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Qi Liu, Leihong Liu, Jing Huang, Lei Gu, Yunfei Sun, Lu Zhang, Kai Lyu, Zhou Yang
Summary: This study investigated the effects of microplastics on the defense responses of different body-sized cladocerans. It found that microplastics inhibited the induced defense of these organisms, and the effects varied with microplastics size and cladoceran species.
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Marine & Freshwater Biology
John J. Gilbert
Summary: The planktonic rotifer Brachionus calyciflorus does not show an increased propensity to settle at the surface film or attach to glass surfaces when exposed to the predatory rotifer Asplanchna. The percentages of Brachionus free-swimming, attached to glass, and settled at the surface film were 81-100%, 0-18%, and 0-3%, respectively, regardless of the presence of Asplanchna. Three types of defensive responses in planktonic rotifers were identified: transgenerational spine-development responses, slow-onset attachment propensity increases, and brief escape movements caused by disturbance after contact with various predators.
JOURNAL OF PLANKTON RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Ecology
Qiming Zhou, Chenxi Zhang, Jing Huang, Lei Gu, Lu Zhang, Yunfei Sun, Yuan Huang, Zhou Yang
Summary: This study investigated how Daphnia transmit predation risk information to their offspring through a prolonged experiment. The results showed that the offspring's inducible defensive traits were mainly determined by their own environment rather than their mothers' experience. Moreover, as the mothers produced more broods of offspring, the inducible defensive traits of the offspring gradually increased and then decreased.
FRESHWATER BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Qi Liu, Zihao Ding, Lei Gu, Yunfei Sun, Lu Zhang, Zhou Yang
Summary: This study is the first to reveal the differential effects of different species of planktonic bacteria on kairomone-induced defense traits and energy redistribution in Daphnia. The results not only enhance the understanding of Daphnia's inducible defenses in environments with diverse bacteria, but also provide insights into energy allocation in anti-predator defenses.
APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Marine & Freshwater Biology
Xiao Yang, Zhi Yan, Xiaodong Li, Yaxi Li, Ke Li
Summary: Bloom-forming algae have the capacity to sense and respond to chemical cues from grazers, resulting in shifts in phenotype and the production of defensive compounds. This study investigated the effects of rotifer kairomones and algae-grazed cues on the morphology and chemical defenses of Phaeocystis globosa. The findings revealed that different stimuli can elicit morphological and chemical defenses through the regulation of lipid metabolism pathways and the production of glycosaminoglycans. This research highlights the importance of chemical ecology in herbivore-phytoplankton interactions.
Article
Ecology
John J. Gilbert
Summary: The rotifer Epiphanes brachionus spinosa is found in shallow temporary waters in the Chihuahuan Desert, with hydroperiods of several months. Studies show that this rotifer exhibits a morphological response to a predatory rotifer, Asplanchna, and has an early and constant propensity for sex and resting-egg production during population development.
FRESHWATER BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Orthopedics
Shiyuan Shi, Xiaozhang Ying, Jun Fei, Shengping Hu
Summary: The study confirmed that posterolateral costotransversectomy using an extrapleural approach is a safe and effective surgical method for treating upper thoracic spinal tuberculosis, reducing trauma and achieving good clinical outcomes.
ARCHIVES OF ORTHOPAEDIC AND TRAUMA SURGERY
(2022)
Article
Orthopedics
Geundong Kim, Kazuhide Inage, Yasuhiro Shiga, Tomohito Mukaihata, Ikuko Tajiri, Yawara Eguchi, Miyako Suzuki-Narita, Hiromitsu Takaoka, Takashi Hozumi, Norichika Mizuki, Ryuto Tsuchiya, Takuma Otagiri, Takahisa Hishiya, Takahito Arai, Noriyasu Toshi, Takeo Furuya, Satoshi Maki, Junichi Nakamura, Shigeo Hagiwara, Yasuchika Aoki, Masao Koda, Hiroshi Takahashi, Tsutomu Akazawa, Seiji Ohtori, Sumihisa Orita
Summary: This study investigated the effect of romosozumab on bone union in a rat posterolateral lumbar fixation model and found that romosozumab administration significantly increased bone union rate and volume. The percentage of bone trabeculae area in the romosozumab group was approximately 1.7 times larger than that in the control group, demonstrating a stimulatory effect on bony outgrowth at bone graft sites.
JOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDIC RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Orthopedics
Lin-qiang Ye, Chao Chen, Yuan-hui Liu, Zhen Li, Guo-liang Lu
Summary: The study found no difference in deformation trend of posterolateral annulus fibrosus between CSR model and normal model. The posterolateral annulus fibrosus mainly moved forward during flexion and backward during extension, with different movement patterns in lateral bending and axial rotation.
JOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDIC SURGERY AND RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Reese A. Martin, Ann T. Tate
Summary: Genes involved in immune defense resist rapidly evolving parasites and pathogens and are highly represented in the immune system. Pleiotropic signaling genes affect multiple phenotypes and may play a role in the evolution of inducible immunity. Pleiotropy is prevalent in immune signaling networks, and it provides an advantage for host fitness during infection.
PLOS COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ernest Y. Lee, Liana C. Chan, Huiyuan Wang, Juelline Lieng, Mandy Hung, Yashes Srinivasan, Jennifer Wang, James A. Waschek, Andrew L. Ferguson, Kuo-Fen Lee, Nannette Y. Yount, Michael R. Yeaman, Gerard C. L. Wong
Summary: This study confirms the antimicrobial role of PACAP and reveals its selective induction in the brain during infection. Through various mechanisms, including disruption of pathogen membrane integrity and activation of cell death pathways, PACAP exhibits antimicrobial activity.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Hyeun-Sung Kim, Pang-Hung Wu, Jin-Woo An, Yeon-Jin Lee, Jun-Hyung Lee, Myeong-Hun Kim, Inkyung Lee, Jong-Sung Park, Jun-Hyung Lee, Jun-Hwan Park, Il-Tae Jang
Summary: The study compared two methods of endoscopic posterolateral lumbar interbody fusion and found that the outside-in approach required less operative time for resecting the inferior articular process, with similar good clinical and radiological outcomes compared to the inside-out approach.