Article
Construction & Building Technology
Douaa Al Assaad, Kamel Ghali, Nesreen Ghaddar, Elvire Katramiz, Saud Ghani
Summary: The study investigated the impact of personalized ventilation systems on reducing inhalation exposure to indoor particles and clothing contamination by particle deposition. Results demonstrated that different ventilation devices at varying flow rates had different effects on exposure and deposition.
BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT
(2021)
Article
Thermodynamics
Markus Mayrhofer, Michael Koller, Peter Seemann, Rene Prieler, Christoph Hochenauer
Summary: This study investigates the influence of off-design operation on the temperature field of the flameless reaction zone using modulated controlled flameless burners. Results show that local temperature peaks and NOx emissions in the flameless reaction zone increase with decreasing thermal input.
APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Nurzhanna Bakuova, Sultanali Toktarkan, Darkhan Dyussembinov, Dulat Azhibek, Almas Rakhymzhanov, Konstantinos Kostas, Gulsim Kulsharova
Summary: This study investigates and compares the flow behavior and filling characteristics of two microfluidic liver-on-a-chip devices. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) analysis and experimental cell culture growth were conducted, showing that the elliptical chamber chip offers improved flow and filling characteristics compared to the circular chamber chip. Cell attachment and consistent cell growth confirmed the biocompatibility and cell viability in the chips, suggesting the potential of alternative methods of in vitro testing.
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
David P. Forrestal, Mark C. Allenby, Benjamin Simpson, Travis J. Klein, Maria A. Woodruff
Summary: This study presents a multiscale framework combining computational fluid dynamics, additive manufacturing, and a perfusion bioreactor system for engineering personalized volumetric tissue. By designing microscale 3D printed scaffold pore geometries and customizing perfusion bioreactors, tissue growth shaped like human calcaneus bones was achieved.
ADVANCED HEALTHCARE MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Thermodynamics
Jing-jing Zhao, Ruo-ning Chen, Jia-hua Wang, Xue-yi You
Summary: An evaluation index system was proposed to assess the comprehensive performance of exhaust hood, taking into account factors such as COF exposure reduction and ILCR. The study found that reducing ILCR of COF exposure is crucial to the performance of exhaust hood, with orifice exhaust hood performing the best.
BUILDING SIMULATION
(2022)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Nadia D'Alessandro, Matteo Falanga, Alessandro Masci, Stefano Severi, Cristiana Corsi
Summary: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a commonly studied arrhythmia linked to increased stroke risk. Left atrium dilation and irregular contraction increase the likelihood of blood clots and stroke. Oral anticoagulation therapy has been the main treatment, but its benefits may be outweighed by contraindications. LAA closure procedures have been developed, but are limited to certain patients and require expertise.
FRONTIERS IN CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Fan Mo, Bin Liu, Huiru Wang, Xiaohui She, Lin Teng, Xi Kang
Summary: This study investigates the dispersion characteristics of hydrogen gas released from a pressurized tank in a real large underground garage. Using a two-stage computational fluid dynamics (CFD) study, the research provides a feasible method for assessing the risks associated with hydrogen fuel cell vehicles.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Yunfei Song, Chengqing Yang, Hui Li, Hongbin Chen, Shengnan Shen, Yuqing Hou, Jiayue Wang
Summary: In this study, a full-scale isolation ward in Wuhan Pulmonary Hospital was modeled and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) were used to simulate water droplet diffusion. It was found that the number of moving droplets in the ward decreased by approximately 30% when the outlet negative pressure was 4.5 Pa. The local exhaust ventilation system could minimize droplet evaporation but could not prevent the formation of aerosols. Furthermore, 60.83% to 62.97% of droplets produced through coughing reached patients in different scenarios. However, the local exhaust ventilation system had no apparent influence on surface contamination control.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Tamer Calisir, Hakan O. Yazar, Senol Baskaya
Summary: Panel radiators are widely used for heating rooms, and understanding the airflow above them is crucial for maintaining comfort conditions indoors. Studies on radiators with different convector dimensions showed that airflow above the radiators has a direct impact on indoor environmental quality. By changing convector dimensions, similar flow conditions and comfort levels could be achieved while reducing manufacturing costs.
JOURNAL OF BUILDING ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
A. Al-Anazi, Tabbi Wilberforce, F. N. Khatib, P. Vichare, A. G. Olabi
Summary: The study focused on the performance of an air breathing fuel cell in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, showing peak performance during the summer period, with hydrogen humidification significantly improving output performance.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Yunpeng Zhao, Guangchen Jia, Yuan Cheng, Hongyu Zhu, Zhanyou Chi, Haibin Shen, Chenba Zhu
Summary: Wave-driven floating photobioreactors (PBRs) have the potential for cost and energy-effective microalgae production. However, poor wave conditions can lead to reduced biomass productivity or collapse of the cultures. This study numerically investigates the fluid dynamics of floating PBRs, considering wave conditions, culture depth, and different PBR structures. The results show that the liquid inside the PBRs follows a periodic sinusoidal flow, with square PBRs having aggressive mixing characteristics at high wave frequency and rectangular PBRs having intense mixing at low frequency. Increasing culture depth leads to decreased liquid mixing, and PBRs with high culture depth have dead zones. This study provides valuable insights for improving wave energy utilization and PBR design.
FRONTIERS IN MARINE SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Rika Ebara, Shunichi Ishida, Taimei Miyagawa, Yohsuke Imai
Summary: The amplitude and frequency of peristaltic contractions have a significant impact on gastric mixing and emptying. Increasing or decreasing the amplitude affects mixing strength and emptying rate, with higher amplitude increasing the emptying rate and lower amplitude decreasing it. The emptying rate also increases with the peristaltic frequency. The closest contraction wave to the pylorus and subsequent waves promote gastric emptying. It is important to maintain these parameters within normal ranges for healthy gastric function.
JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY INTERFACE
(2023)
Article
Physiology
Feng Huang, Huan Lei, Shunv Ying, Yang Fu, Qipeng Li, Xiaodong Ruan
Summary: This study investigates the hemolysis performance of a ventricular assist rotary blood pump under sinusoidal, square, and triangular wave speed modulation profiles using the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method. The results show that speed modulation has minimal impact on the hemolysis performance of the blood pump, and the differences in hemolysis between different speed modulation profiles are insignificant.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Hayder Alsaad, Conrad Voelker
Summary: This study compares the performance of personalized ventilation and ductless personalized ventilation systems in office settings. Results show that personalized ventilation systems can improve inhaled air quality regardless of pollution source location, whereas ductless personalized ventilation systems are sensitive to source location and personalized flow rate, with higher flow rates potentially decreasing inhaled air quality.
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Ting Dai, Sumei Liu, Junjie Liu, Nan Jiang, Wei Liu, Qingyan Chen
Summary: This study implemented fast fluid dynamics (FFD) with different turbulence models, including no turbulence model, Smagorinsky model, and dynamic Smagorinsky model, in the open-source program OpenFOAM. By simulating various outdoor cases and comparing with experiment and computational fluid dynamics (CFD), the accuracy and computing efficiency of FFD with different turbulence models were assessed. FFD greatly improved computing speed without sacrificing accuracy compared to CFD. Dynamic Smagorinsky model provided accurate results with high efficiency.
SUSTAINABLE CITIES AND SOCIETY
(2022)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Kuniaki Mihara, Chandra Sekhar, Yuichi Takemasa, Bertrand Lasternas, Kwok Wai Tham
Summary: In an actual university building, a design studio equipped with DOAS-CF provided better thermal comfort and air quality compared to the computer lab with FCU, with a 27.7% energy consumption saving due to higher setpoint temperature and occupants' behavioral adaptation.
BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT
(2021)
Editorial Material
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Lidia Morawska, Joseph Allen, William Bahnfleth, Philomena M. Bluyssen, Atze Boerstra, Giorgio Buonanno, Junji Cao, Stephanie J. Dancer, Andres Floto, Francesco Franchimon, Trisha Greenhalgh, Charles Haworth, Jaap Hogeling, Christina Isaxon, Jose L. Jimenez, Jarek Kurnitski, Yuguo Li, Marcel Loomans, Guy Marks, Linsey C. Marr, Livio Mazzarella, Arsen Krikor Melikov, Shelly Miller, Donald K. Milton, William Nazaroff, Peter V. Nielsen, Catherine Noakes, Jordan Peccia, Kim Prather, Xavier Querol, Chandra Sekhar, Olli Seppanen, Shin-ichi Tanabe, Julian W. Tang, Raymond Tellier, Kwok Wai Tham, Pawel Wargocki, Aneta Wierzbicka, Maosheng Yao
Correction
Engineering, Environmental
Zhe Peng, Andrea L. Pineda Rojas, Emilio Kropff, William Bahnfleth, Giorgio Buonanno, Stefanie J. Dancer, Jarek Kurnitski, Yuguo Li, Marcel G. L. C. Loomans, Linsey C. Marr, Lidia Morawska, William Nazaroff, Catherine Noakes, Xavier Querol, Chandra Sekhar, Raymond Tellier, Trisha Greenhalgh, Lydia Bourouiba, Atze Boerstra, Julian W. Tang, Shelly L. Miller, Jose L. Jimenez
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Z. Peng, A. L. Pineda Rojas, E. Kropff, W. Bahnfleth, G. Buonanno, S. J. Dancer, J. Kurnitski, Y. Li, M. G. L. C. Loomans, L. C. Marr, L. Morawska, W. Nazaroff, C. Noakes, X. Querol, C. Sekhar, R. Tellier, T. Greenhalgh, L. Bourouiba, A. Boerstra, J. W. Tang, S. L. Miller, J. L. Jimenez
Summary: Some infectious diseases, including COVID-19, can undergo airborne transmission. Two indicators of infection risk are proposed, which combine key factors that control airborne disease transmission indoors. COVID-19 outbreaks show a clear trend consistent with airborne infection and enable recommendations to minimize transmission risk.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Environmental Sciences
Prashant Anand, David Cheong, Chandra Sekhar
Summary: Occupancy schedules and density have a significant impact on building plug, lighting, and air conditioning energy usage. Past studies suggest that inaccurate assumptions of occupants and their behavior can result in building systems not consuming the same energy and providing similar Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ) to their designed specifications. Accurate occupancy can lead to significant air-conditioning energy savings.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Review
Engineering, Civil
Sundararaman Krishnamoorthi, Benny Raphael
Summary: This paper synthesizes knowledge related to performance evaluation of automated construction processes through theme-based literature classification. The study highlights the need for detailed simulation models to accurately predict complex interactions between humans and machines in automated construction. Calibration of simulation models using real data from construction sites is emphasized as a key requirement for accurate predictions.
BUILT ENVIRONMENT PROJECT AND ASSET MANAGEMENT
(2022)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Takamasa Hasama, Kuniaki Mihara, Chandra Sekhar, Kok Wai David Cheong, Kok Wai Tham
Summary: This paper investigates the characteristics of airflow generated by ceiling fans and the convective heat transfer caused by the airflow distribution. The results show that standing and seated postures have similar convective heat transfer for the whole-body, but with different contributions of mean velocity and turbulence components. The convective heat transfer coefficient caused by the ceiling fan is lower for the lower body compared to horizontal flow.
BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Article
Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications
Aparna Harichandran, Benny Raphael, Abhijit Mukherjee
Summary: This study proposes a framework called hybrid unsupervised and supervised machine learning (HUS-ML) for equipment activity recognition and fault detection. The framework identifies normal operations and known faulty conditions through supervised learning, and utilizes an anomaly detection algorithm to spot unseen faulty conditions. Experimental results demonstrate the superiority of HUS-ML in activity recognition and fault detection, with successful identification of known and unseen faulty operations.
COMPUTER-AIDED CIVIL AND INFRASTRUCTURE ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Chenxi Liao, Xiaojun Fan, Mariya Bivolarova, Jelle Laverge, Chandra Sekhar, Mizuho Akimoto, Anna Mainka, Li Lan, Pawel Wargocki
Summary: This study measured bedroom environment and sleep quality in actual bedrooms in Denmark and found a correlation between subjectively-assessed sleep quality and indoor air quality. The study also found that enhanced ventilation improved sleep quality and indoor air quality.
BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Xiaojun Fan, Chenxi Liao, Mariya P. Bivolarova, Chandra Sekhar, Jelle Laverge, Li Lan, Anna Mainka, Mizuho Akimoto, Pawel Wargocki
Summary: This study conducted measurements of indoor air quality (IAQ) and sleep quality in 40 bedrooms in Denmark over a two-week period. The results showed that opening windows improved IAQ and sleep quality, while opening doors did not have similar effects.
BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Toby Cheung, Jiayu Li, Jiamin Goh, Chandra Sekhar, David Cheong, Kwok Wai Tham
Summary: This study used tracer gas technique to simulate virus-laden aerosols exhaled by a patient under home quarantine. The results showed that indoor concentration was 4 times higher under air-conditioning settings compared to natural ventilation. Operating an exhaust fan substantially reduced in-room concentration and leakage rate, except for natural ventilation with a ceiling fan. The study recommends natural ventilation instead of air-conditioning and utilizing exhaust fans when using air-conditioning to reduce exposure risk during home quarantine.
BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Review
Construction & Building Technology
Jose L. Jimenez, Linsey C. Marr, Katherine Randall, Edward Thomas Ewing, Zeynep Tufekci, Trish Greenhalgh, Raymond Tellier, Julian W. Tang, Yuguo Li, Lidia Morawska, Jonathan Mesiano-Crookston, David Fisman, Orla Hegarty, Stephanie J. Dancer, Philomena M. Bluyssen, Giorgio Buonanno, Marcel G. L. C. Loomans, William P. Bahnfleth, Maosheng Yao, Chandra Sekhar, Pawel Wargocki, Arsen K. Melikov, Kimberly A. Prather
Summary: This article explains the controversy over whether SARS-CoV-2 is mainly transmitted by droplets or aerosols through a historical analysis of transmission research in other diseases. The dominant belief in history was that many diseases were transmitted through the air, but the rise of germ theory challenged this paradigm and discovered other transmission pathways. It was not until the COVID-19 pandemic that airborne transmission was recognized as a significant mode of transmission.
Editorial Material
Thermodynamics
Chandra Sekhar, William Bahnfleth
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY FOR THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Baisong Ning, Chandra Sekhar, Stefano Schiavon, Kwok Wai Tham, David Cheong, Hongyuan Jia, Prashant Anand
Summary: Overcooling or too high humidity issues may occur when the cooling coil in the central air-conditioning system is inadequate. Developing more advanced cooling coils to adapt to cooling load changes is a possible solution. This study presents experimental and simulation results for an adaptable coil, which shows a reduction in relative humidity and stable water flow rate compared to a conventional coil in small-scale experiments. However, in a properly sized and well-operated system, the adaptable coil does not significantly reduce humidity and overcooling.
JOURNAL OF BUILDING ENGINEERING
(2023)
Editorial Material
Thermodynamics
Chandra Sekhar, William Bahnfleth
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY FOR THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT
(2023)