Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Michael S. Totty, Tugce Tuna, Karthik R. Ramanathan, Jingji Jin, Shaun E. Peters, Stephen Maren
Summary: This study reveals that coherent theta oscillations between the mPFC and HPC are correlated with fear suppression during extinction. The nucleus reuniens (RE) in the thalamus plays a crucial role in coordinating mPFC-HPC interactions, contributing to the extinction and suppression of fear memories.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Vivien Miczan, Krisztina Kelemen, Judit R. Glavinics, Zsofia Laszlo, Benjamin Barti, Kata Kenesei, Mate Kisfali, Istvan Katona
Summary: The molecular repertoire of calcium-binding proteins in Ca2+ signaling pathways plays a crucial role in meeting the specific kinetic requirements of Ca2+-dependent processes in different types of neurons. By investigating CB1/CCK-positive interneurons, it was revealed that NECAB1 and NECAB2 are predominant calcium-binding proteins in this cell type, showing functional differences at the subcellular nanoscale level.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Juan Rivas, Santiago Gutierrez-Gomez, Juliana Villanueva-Congote, Jose Libreros, Joan Albert Camprodon, Maria Trujillo
Summary: This study investigates the differences in brain structure between older patients with schizophrenia and dementia, and finds a correlation between cognitive performance and brain volumes. The results show that cognitive performance is worse in older schizophrenia patients compared to healthy controls, and even worse in those with dementia. Additionally, structural differences in the hippocampus, amygdala, and thalamus may be associated with the development of dementia in schizophrenic patients.
Article
Neurosciences
Ines Barreiros, Marios C. Panayi, Mark E. Walton
Summary: This study utilized a retrograde tracer to investigate the projections into different subdivisions of the rat orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and found distinct connectivity patterns and strengths from various brain regions. While some regions showed a gradient in connectivity strength, others exhibited almost exclusive projections to specific OFC subdivisions. The differences in input patterns between anterior lateral (ALO) and posterior lateral (PLO) were as pronounced as those between PLO and posterior ventral (PVO).
Article
Biology
Lilya Andrianova, Steliana Yanakieva, Gabriella Margetts-Smith, Shivali Kohli, Erica S. Brady, John P. Aggleton, Michael T. Craig
Summary: The connectivity and interplay between the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus are important for cognitive processes, but the existence of a direct glutamatergic projection from the anterior cingulate cortex to the hippocampus has been questioned. In this study, multiple methods were used to validate a recent finding of this projection, but no evidence of such a projection was found.
Article
Neurosciences
Salvatore Bertino, Gianpaolo Antonio Basile, Alessia Bramanti, Rosella Ciurleo, Adriana Tisano, Giuseppe Pio Anastasi, Demetrio Milardi, Alberto Cacciola
Summary: Different parcellation pipelines were tested for identifying the treatment target Vim for drug refractory tremors, with higher-order signal modeling and threshold-based voxel classification criteria being the most reliable in terms of inter-subject variability. Connectivity parcels corresponding to Vim were primarily derived from precentral and dentate nucleus-thalamic connectivity, but showed significant differences compared to a ground truth model. Data quality and parcellation pipelines significantly influenced the volume of connectivity clusters, highlighting the need for caution in thalamic connectivity-based segmentation for stereotactic targeting.
Review
Neurosciences
Evan Wicker, Safwan K. Hyder, Patrick A. Forcelli
Summary: There is a significant unmet need for improved treatment for temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). This study investigates the role of the midline thalamus, specifically the mediodorsal nucleus (MD), in the initiation and propagation of seizures. The results highlight the importance of projections from the MD to the prelimbic cortex in the propagation of amygdala-kindled seizures.
PROGRESS IN NEUROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Gina-Isabelle Henze, Julian Konzok, Ludwig Kreuzpointner, Christoph Baertl, Marina Giglberger, Hannah Peter, Fabian Streit, Brigitte M. Kudielka, Peter Kirsch, Stefan Wuest
Summary: Although women and men differ in their overall stress reactivity, there are scarce studies on sex differences in stress regulation in the brain. The study found that men and women have different responses to psychosocial stress, with men exhibiting higher cortisol levels but no sex differences in affect or heart rate responses. The results suggest that there are differential stress reactions for women and men in identical structures, with a need to consider quantitative predictors such as sex-specific cortisol increases when exploring neural response differences.
SOCIAL COGNITIVE AND AFFECTIVE NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Diana Casas-Torremocha, Mario Rubio-Teves, Anna Hoerder-Suabedissen, Shuichi Hayashi, Lucia Prensa, Zoltan Molnar, Cesar Porrero, Francisco Clasca
Summary: This study systematically analyzed the input landscape of the posterior nucleus (Po), a representative higher-order relay nucleus in the mouse thalamus. The findings revealed complex and partly overlapping input-specific microdomains and suggested the integration of specific input motifs and the emergence of functionally diverse input-output subnetworks within the higher-order relay nuclei.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
James C. Dodge, Thomas J. Tamsett, Christopher M. Treleaven, Tatyana V. Taksir, Peter Piepenhagen, S. Pablo Sardi, Seng H. Cheng, Lamya S. Shihabuddin
Summary: Ganglioside accumulation may contribute to the pathogenesis of neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's disease. Inhibition of glycosphingolipid synthesis can reduce the accumulation of soluble A beta 42, decrease amyloid plaque burden, and stabilize remote memory consolidation.
ALZHEIMERS RESEARCH & THERAPY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Lars Nyberg, Fredrik Magnussen, Anders Lundquist, William Baare, David Bartres-Faz, Lars Bertram, C. J. Boraxbekk, Andreas M. Brandmaier, Christian A. Drevon, Klaus Ebmeier, Paolo Ghisletta, Richard N. Henson, Carme Junque, Rogier Kievit, Maike Kleemeyer, Ethan Knights, Simone Kuhn, Ulman Lindenberger, Brenda W. J. H. Penninx, Sara Pudas, Oystein Sorensen, Lidia Vaque-Alcazar, Kristine B. Walhovd, Anders M. Fjell
Summary: Despite the modest association between education and cortical volume, higher education does not influence the rates of brain aging. The findings challenge the assumption that education slows down brain aging.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2021)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Yujiro Kose, Yoichi Hatamoto, Rie Takae, Yuki Tomiga, Jun Yasukata, Takaaki Komiyama, Yasuki Higaki
Summary: While overall olfaction was not correlated with physical performance, cognitive function, or brain atrophy, the inability to identify the Japanese orange odor was independently associated with mild medial temporal atrophy in community-dwelling older adults.
Review
Neurosciences
Sha-Sha Yang, Nancy R. Mack, Yousheng Shu, Wen-Jun Gao
Summary: Prefrontal cortical GABAergic interneurons play a crucial role in executing complex behaviors, with long-range afferents from subcortical structures activating parvalbumin-expressing and somatostatin expressing interneurons to regulate specific PFC-dependent behaviors.
FRONTIERS IN NEURAL CIRCUITS
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Kanhao Zhao, Hua Xie, Gregory A. A. Fonzo, Xiaoyu Tong, Nancy Carlisle, Matthieu Chidharom, Amit Etkin, Yu Zhang
Summary: This study investigates the predictive signatures of individualized brain functional connectivity in antidepressant and placebo treatment for patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). The established prediction models using individualized FC successfully explained a significant amount of variance in predicting treatment outcome. The findings enhance our understanding of the neuropathology of antidepressant and placebo treatment.
MOLECULAR PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Gleice K. Silva-Cardoso, Willian Lazarini-Lopes, Jaime E. Hallak, Jose A. Crippa, Antonio W. Zuardi, Norberto Garcia-Cairasco, Christie R. A. Leite-Panissi
Summary: The study evaluated the effects of CBD on neuropathic pain, finding that low doses of CBD could reverse mechanical and thermal allodynia caused by pain and reduce anxious behaviors. The results suggest the potential benefits of CBD for treating chronic pain and associated conditions such as anxiety.
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Wisteria Deng, Jean Addington, Carrie E. Bearden, Kristin S. Cadenhead, Barbara A. Cornblatt, Daniel H. Mathalon, Diana O. Perkins, Larry J. Seidman, Ming T. Tsuang, Scott W. Woods, Elaine F. Walker, Tyrone D. Cannon
Summary: This study found that there are different covariant trajectories of social anxiety and positive symptoms over time in individuals at clinical high-risk for psychosis. One subgroup showed sustained social anxiety despite moderate recovery in positive symptoms, while the other two subgroups showed recovery in both social anxiety and positive symptoms. The subgroup with sustained social anxiety had poorer long-term functional outcomes and higher levels of genetic and environmental risk factors for psychosis.
PSYCHOLOGICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Editorial Material
Neurosciences
Holly K. Hamilton, Daniel H. Mathalon
NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Brian J. Roach, Yoji Hirano, Judith M. Ford, Kevin M. Spencer, Daniel H. Mathalon
Summary: This study reanalyzed EEG data and found that patients with schizophrenia showed phase delay in the left hemisphere in the 40-Hz ASSR. This finding supports previous studies showing abnormal auditory cortex function in the left hemisphere in patients with schizophrenia.
CLINICAL EEG AND NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Psychiatry
Lauren N. N. Tronick, Heline Mirzakhanian, Jean Addington, Carrie E. E. Bearden, Tyrone D. D. Cannon, Barbara A. A. Cornblatt, Matcheri Keshavan, Daniel H. H. Mathalon, Thomas H. H. McGlashan, Diana O. O. Perkins, William Stone, Ming T. T. Tsuang, Elaine F. F. Walker, Scott W. W. Woods, Kristin S. S. Cadenhead
Summary: This study aims to explore the risk of violence in individuals at clinical high risk for psychosis (CHR) and its relationship with psychosis risk symptoms and global functioning. It shows that CHR individuals are at higher risk of violence compared to healthy individuals and that this risk is associated with greater severity of symptoms, poor functioning, and risk for conversion to psychosis.
EARLY INTERVENTION IN PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Meghan A. Collins, Jie Lisa Ji, Yoonho Chung, Cole A. Lympus, Yvette Afriyie-Agyemang, Jean M. Addington, Bradley G. Goodyear, Carrie E. Bearden, Kristin S. Cadenhead, Heline Mirzakhanian, Ming T. Tsuang, Barbara A. Cornblatt, Ricardo E. Carrion, Matcheri Keshavan, Wiliam S. Stone, Daniel H. Mathalon, Diana O. Perkins, Elaine F. Walker, Scott W. Woods, Albert R. Powers, Alan Anticevic, Tyrone D. Cannon
Summary: Progressive grey matter loss has been observed among individuals who convert to psychosis, and this study found that accelerated cortical thinning precedes psychosis onset and can differentiate converters from non-converters. These findings highlight the importance of identifying neurobiological mechanisms prior to conversion for early intervention.
MOLECULAR PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Article
Psychiatry
Esra Sefik, Michelle Boamah, Jean Addington, Carrie E. Bearden, Kristin S. Cadenhead, Barbara A. Cornblatt, Matcheri S. Keshavan, Daniel H. Mathalon, Diana O. Perkins, William S. Stone, Ming T. Tsuang, Scott W. Woods, Tyrone D. Cannon, Elaine F. Walker
Summary: This study found clinically relevant deviations in cerebellar cortex and white matter structures among CHR individuals, highlighting the importance of considering the complex interplay between sex and age when studying the neuromaturational substrates of psychosis risk.
SCHIZOPHRENIA BULLETIN
(2023)
Article
Education, Scientific Disciplines
Elisabeth F. M. Schlegel, Michael Cassara, Doreen Olvet, Alice Fornari
Summary: This study examined the experiences of fourth-year medical students in a year-long longitudinal medical student-as-teacher elective, as recorded in reflective teaching logs (RTLs). The analysis of the RTLs revealed detailed descriptions and reflections of participant experiences, leading to the identification of eight themes related to teaching skills and readiness for residency. The study concluded that participation in the elective allowed students to effectively use RTLs to facilitate their development as clinician-educators.
MEDICAL SCIENCE EDUCATOR
(2023)
Article
Psychiatry
Trevor F. Williams, Elaine F. Walker, Gregory P. Strauss, Scott W. Woods, Albert R. Powers, Philip R. Corlett, Jason Schiffman, James A. Waltz, James M. Gold, Steven M. Silverstein, Lauren M. Ellman, Richard E. Zinbarg, Vijay A. Mittal
Summary: This study aimed to validate the reliability and validity of the revised green paranoid thoughts scale (RGPTS) in individuals at clinical high-risk for psychosis (CHR). The results showed that the RGPTS had a replicated two-factor structure and the associated reference and persecution scales were reliable. CHR individuals scored significantly higher on both reference and persecution, compared to healthy controls and clinical controls.
ACTA PSYCHIATRICA SCANDINAVICA
(2023)
Article
Psychiatry
Erica L. Karp, Trevor F. Williams, Lauren M. Ellman, Gregory P. Strauss, Elaine F. Walker, Philip R. Corlett, Scott W. Woods, Albert R. Powers, James M. Gold, Jason E. Schiffman, James A. Waltz, Steven M. Silverstein, Vijay A. Mittal
Summary: This study investigated self-reported gesture interpretation and performance in individuals at clinical high risk for psychosis, those with internalizing disorders, and healthy controls. The results showed that the clinical high-risk group had significantly lower scores in self-reported gesture interpretation compared to the other two groups, while there were no differences in gesture performance among the three groups. Within the clinical high-risk group, greater deficits in gesture performance were associated with lower verbal learning and memory, and gesture deficits were also linked to higher cross-sectional risk for conversion to a full psychotic disorder.
SCHIZOPHRENIA BULLETIN
(2023)
Article
Psychiatry
Sarah Tarbox-Berry, Barbara C. Walsh, Michael F. Pogue-Geile, Scott W. Woods
Summary: This study presents the first data on APS symptoms in family members of APS patients, showing that the severity of symptoms is greater in probands compared to siblings, especially in the negative/anxiety and positive factors. These results support the importance of non-familial effects on risk for APS and suggest differences in familial contribution to APS symptoms.
SCHIZOPHRENIA BULLETIN
(2023)
Article
Psychiatry
Matthew A. Hagler, Maria Ferrara, Laura A. Yoviene Sykes, Fangyong Li, Jean Addington, Carrie E. Bearden, Kristin S. Cadenhead, Tyrone D. Cannon, Barbara A. Cornblatt, Diana O. Perkins, Daniel H. Mathalon, Larry J. Seidman, Ming T. Tsuang, Elaine F. Walker, Albert R. Powers III, Adrienne R. Allen, Vinod H. Srihari, Scott W. Woods
Summary: Over the past two decades, research and clinical resources on clinical high risk (CHR) for psychosis have expanded, aiming to understand risk and protective factors and inform early intervention efforts. However, potential sampling bias among CHR research studies and inequitable access to early detection and intervention have been raised. This study compared participants in a CHR longitudinal monitoring study (CHR-CV) to those seeking treatment at a first-episode psychosis service (FES), finding demographic and clinical differences between the groups.
SCHIZOPHRENIA RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Psychiatry
Timothy I. Michaels, Ricardo E. Carrion, Jean Addington, Carrie E. Bearden, Kristin S. Cadenhead, Tyrone D. Cannon, Matcheri Keshavan, Daniel H. Mathalon, Thomas H. McGlashan, Diana O. Perkins, Larry J. Seidman, William S. Stone, Ming T. Tsuang, Elaine F. Walker, Scott W. Woods, Barbara A. Cornblatt
Summary: This study explored the association between perceived discrimination and positive symptoms in individuals at clinical high-risk for psychosis. The findings suggest that CHR individuals are more likely to experience lifetime and past year discrimination related to their race and ethnicity, and this discrimination is significantly associated with baseline positive symptoms.
SCHIZOPHRENIA RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Kaiqing Chen, Xiaoping Hu
Summary: Intranasal administration of creatine increases brain creatine levels and improves cognitive performance in rats, while oral administration and control groups did not show the same effect.
BRAIN RESEARCH BULLETIN
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Benson S. Ku, Meghan Collins, Deidre M. Anglin, Anthony M. Diomino, Jean Addington, Carrie E. Bearden, Kristin S. Cadenhead, Tyrone D. Cannon, Barbara A. Cornblatt, Benjamin G. Druss, Matcheri Keshavan, Daniel H. Mathalon, Diana O. Perkins, William S. Stone, Ming T. Tsuang, Scott W. Woods, Elaine F. Walker
Summary: The study found an inverse relationship between ethnoracial minority density and risk of psychotic spectrum disorders. It also revealed associations between area-level ethnoracial minority density during childhood, cortical thickness, and social engagement. Lower levels of ethnoracial minority density during childhood were associated with reduced cortical thickness in the right fusiform gyrus and right insula, especially among youth with lower social engagement.
NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY
(2023)