Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Sung-Ho Jang, Min-Jye Cho
Summary: This review paper discusses the application of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and diffusion tensor tractography (DTT) in the diagnosis of traumatic axonal injury (TAI) in individuals with concussion or mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). While several hundred DTI-based studies have reported TAI in concussion or mTBI, there are fewer case studies focusing on individual patients. The summary of these studies suggests that DTI can be used as a non-invasive tool for determining the presence and severity of TAI in individual patients with concussion or mTBI. However, certain conditions need to be met for an accurate diagnosis, and further studies are required to improve the precision of TAI diagnosis in individual patients.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Amy E. Jolly, Maria Balaet, Adriana Azor, Daniel Friedland, Stefano Sandrone, Neil S. N. Graham, Karl Zimmerman, David J. Sharp
Summary: This study introduces a pipeline for assessing the presence of axonal injury in traumatic brain injury patients, revealing that the majority of patients have axonal injury in the chronic and subacute phases. Patients with axonal injury exhibit significantly poorer cognitive and functional outcomes.
Article
Neurosciences
Yuwen Hung, Marlee Vandewouw, Zahra Emami, Sonya Bells, Nicole Rudberg, Leodante da Costa, Benjamin T. Dunkley
Summary: Using multi-modality imaging methods, this study found disruptions in brain-behavior interactions related to working memory in patients with mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), particularly in the hippocampal-prefrontal and amygdala circuits. These disruptions may leave mTBI patients vulnerable to increased environmental demands exerting memory resources, leading to cognitive and emotional psychopathologies.
HUMAN BRAIN MAPPING
(2022)
Review
Cell Biology
Sung Ho Jang, You Sung Seo
Summary: Diffusion tensor tractography is a valuable method to evaluate axonal injury in concussion (mTBI) patients. It reveals characteristic features such as tearing, narrowing, and discontinuations of neural tracts, which provide insights into the extent and patterns of axonal injury. Axonal injury in concussion (mTBI) patients is characterized by their occurrence in long neural tracts and multiple injuries. However, the corticospinal tract discontinuation is commonly observed in diffuse axonal injury, while partial tearing and narrowing in subcortical white matter are frequently observed in concussion (mTBI) patients. These differences suggest that the forces causing axonal injury in concussion (mTBI) patients are weaker than those in diffuse axonal injuries. Additionally, the presence of collateral branches in concussion (mTBI) patients indicates a relatively weaker impact on the brain compared to diffuse axonal injury. The characteristics of axonal injury in concussion (mTBI) patients reviewed in this study provide valuable supplementary information for the diagnosis of axonal injury in concussion (mTBI) patients.
NEURAL REGENERATION RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Juho Dahl, Olli Tenovuo, Jussi P. Posti, Jussi Hirvonen, Ari J. Katila, Janek Frantzen, Henna-Riikka Maanpaa, Riikka Takala, Eliisa Loyttyniemi, Jussi Tallus, Virginia Newcombe, David K. Menon, Peter J. Hutchinson, Mehrbod Mohammadian
Summary: Cerebral microbleeds are associated with the clinical severity of traumatic brain injury but have a weaker association with white matter integrity.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROLOGY
(2022)
Review
Health Care Sciences & Services
Sung Ho Jang, Dong Hyun Byun
Summary: This study reviewed traumatic axonal injury (TAI) in patients with concussion. DTI provides valuable data for the diagnosis of TAI in patients with concussion, but further research is needed to find a diagnostic method that does not require a brain biopsy for live confirmation of TAI.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ping C. Mamiya, Todd L. Richards, Richard A. E. Edden, Adrian K. C. Lee, Mark A. Stein, Patricia K. Kuhl
Summary: ADHD is associated with alterations in glutamate and GABA content in the brain circuitry responsible for attention control. This study found that individuals with ADHD showed smaller increases in Glx and GABA concentrations during attention control tasks compared to individuals without ADHD. Furthermore, smaller GABA increases in individuals with ADHD predicted poorer task performance.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Jennifer J. Muller, Ruixuan Wang, Devon Milddleton, Mahdi Alizadeh, Ki Chang Kang, Ryan Hryczyk, George Zabrecky, Chloe Hriso, Emily Navarreto, Nancy Wintering, Anthony J. Bazzan, Chengyuan Wu, Daniel A. Monti, Xun Jiao, Qianhong Wu, Andrew B. Newberg, Feroze B. Mohamed
Summary: This study analyzed the ability of data-driven analysis of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and neurite orientation dispersion imaging (NODDI) to develop biomarkers for symptom severity inference. Compared with conventional T1-weighted imaging, machine learning-based models achieved significantly better results with accuracies ranging from 58.7% to 73.0% for DTI and 64.0% to 72.3% for NODDI.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Daniel J. King, Stefano Seri, Cathy Catroppa, Vicki A. Anderson, Amanda G. Wood
Summary: Pediatric traumatic brain injury can lead to inconsistent changes in brain morphology, with this study focusing on the relationship between cortical organization and long-term cognitive impairment post-pTBI. While specific reductions were found in structural covariance strength between controls and pTBI patients with executive function impairment, node-level differences were primarily in frontal regions. The study suggests that post-injury cortical thickness reductions in regions central to structural covariance topology may explain poor executive function outcomes in some patients.
Article
Critical Care Medicine
Jesse T. Fischer, Paul T. Cirino, Dana DeMaster, Candice Alfano, Johanna Bick, Weihua Fan, Linda Ewing-Cobbs
Summary: This study looked at the impact of TBI on children's cool and hot self-regulation abilities, finding that children with cmsTBI had greater difficulties in both areas and lower FA in frontostriatal pathways. The results suggest that frontostriatal FA could serve as a biomarker for risk of SR difficulties and guide interventions in pediatric TBI and other neurodevelopmental populations.
JOURNAL OF NEUROTRAUMA
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Jung Hyun Park, Yun Jung Bae, Ji Su Kim, Woo Sang Jung, Jin Wook Choi, Tae Hoon Roh, Namkyu You, Se-Hyuk Kim, Miran Han
Summary: The DTI-ALPS method is useful for evaluating glymphatic system impairment and quantifying its activity in patients with TBI. The study found that patients with TBI had a significantly lower ALPS index compared to healthy controls, and this was correlated with the presence of subarachnoid hemorrhage and diffuse axonal injury. There was also a weak positive correlation between the ALPS index and GCS scores.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Lafond-Brina Giulia, Bonnefond Anne
Summary: Apathy is a prevalent clinical symptom in many neuropsychiatric pathologies. This study identified three forms of subclinical apathy in a student population and examined their determinants. These forms of apathy remained similar even during a global pandemic.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Martin Niethammer, Chris C. C. Tang, Roland Dominic G. Jamora, An Vo, Nha Nguyen, Yilong Ma, Shichun Peng, Jeff L. Waugh, Ana Westenberger, David Eidelberg
Summary: The objective of this study was to characterize a metabolic brain network associated with X-linked dystonia-parkinsonism (XDP). PET scans were conducted on Filipino men with XDP and healthy men without the condition. The results showed that XDP is associated with abnormal functional connectivity in the brain.
ANNALS OF NEUROLOGY
(2023)
Review
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Noelia Martinez-Molina, Sini-Tuuli Siponkoski, Teppo Sarkamo
Summary: This article reviews the effects of a music-based neurological rehabilitation treatment on patients with moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). The results of the study showed that the treatment improved executive function and set shifting in the patients, and these improvements were maintained in the long term. Additionally, the treatment led to changes in gray matter volume and functional connectivity in the brain, which were correlated with improvements in executive function.
ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Cornelius K. Donat, Maria Yanez Lopez, Magdalena Sastre, Nicoleta Baxan, Marc Goldfinger, Reneira Seeamber, Franziska Muller, Polly Davies, Peter Hellyer, Petros Siegkas, Steve Gentleman, David J. Sharp, Mazdak Ghajari
Summary: The relationship between biomechanical forces and neuropathology after traumatic brain injury is crucial but poorly understood. Research suggests that mechanical strain and strain rate in the immediate aftermath of injury are significant predictors of in vivo MRI and histology changes, which can aid in predicting injury severity and guiding the development of head protection systems.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Jiaze Sun, Francois-Laurent De Winter, Fiona Kumfor, Daphne Stam, Kristof Vansteelandt, Ron Peeters, Stefan Sunaert, Rik Vandenberghe, Mathieu Vandenbulcke, Jan Van den Stock
Summary: This study explores the presence of neural functional compensation in the manifest stage of neurodegenerative diseases. The results suggest that compensatory processes can still occur in clinically manifest neurodegeneration, and these processes may operate along nodes in intrinsically connected networks. The findings highlight the potential of using multidimensional neural markers as novel biomarkers for diagnosis and therapy.
JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Laura Michiels, Liselot Thijs, Nathalie Mertens, Stefan Sunaert, Mathieu Vandenbulcke, Guy Bormans, Geert Verheyden, Michel Koole, Koen Van Laere, Robin Lemmens
Summary: The risk of Alzheimer's disease increases after stroke, and this may not be solely due to traditional vascular risk factors. Tau proteins released from neuronal death may contribute to the formation of neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) after ischemia. The study used F-18-MK-6240 PET to explore the distribution of NFT after ischemic stroke in vivo.
Article
Oncology
Michelle Melis, Gwen Schroyen, Nicolas Leenaerts, Ann Smeets, Stefan Sunaert, Katleen Van der Gucht, Sabine Deprez
Summary: This study investigated the potential of a mindfulness-based intervention to reduce cancer-related cognitive impairment (CRCI) in breast cancer survivors. Results showed that all groups reported an improvement in cognitive complaints over time, and both mindfulness-based intervention and physical training can improve psychological well-being of breast cancer survivors with cognitive complaints.
Article
Neurosciences
P. Van Ruitenbeek, T. Santos Monteiro, S. Chalavi, B. R. King, K. Cuypers, S. Sunaert, R. Peeters, S. P. Swinnen
Summary: The study proposes the Compensation Related Utilization of Neural Circuits Hypothesis (CRUNCH) to explain the brain activity changes in healthy aging and task complexity. The findings suggest that all adults show increased brain activation with task complexity, older adults have more brain activation compared to younger adults at low complexity levels, and older adults are able to increase neural resources as task demands increase. These results indicate that older adults exhibit compensatory brain activation and maintain the capacity to adapt to task demands.
Article
Biology
Steven Jillings, Ekaterina Pechenkova, Elena Tomilovskaya, Ilya Rukavishnikov, Ben Jeurissen, Angelique Van Ombergen, Inna Nosikova, Alena Rumshiskaya, Liudmila Litvinova, Jitka Annen, Chloe De Laet, Catho Schoenmaekers, Jan Sijbers, Victor Petrovichev, Stefan Sunaert, Paul M. Parizel, Valentin Sinitsyn, Peter zu Eulenburg, Steven Laureys, Athena Demertzi, Floris L. Wuyts
Summary: This study used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to investigate the impact of prolonged microgravity on the human brain. The results showed changes in brain functional connectivity, providing insights into the adaptations and modifications occurring during spaceflight and upon return to Earth.
COMMUNICATIONS BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
A. Zhylka, N. Sollmann, F. Kofler, A. Radwan, A. De Luca, J. Gempt, B. Wiestler, B. Menze, A. Schroeder, C. Zimmer, J. S. Kirschke, S. Sunaert, A. Leemans, S. M. Krieg, J. Pluim
Summary: This study compared multilevel fiber tractography with functional motor cortex mapping and conventional deterministic tractography algorithms. The results showed that multilevel fiber tractography improved the coverage of the motor cortex by corticospinal tract fibers and provided a more detailed and complete visualization of the fiber trajectories.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF NEURORADIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Neuroimaging
Michiel B. de Ruiter, Rachael L. Deardorff, Jeroen Blommaert, Bihong T. Chen, Julie A. Dumas, Sanne B. Schagen, Stefan Sunaert, Lei Wang, Bernadine Cimprich, Scott Peltier, Kim Dittus, Paul A. Newhouse, Daniel H. Silverman, Gwen Schroyen, Sabine Deprez, Andrew J. Saykin, Brenna C. McDonald
Summary: Brain gray matter reductions were observed after breast cancer chemotherapy, with different spatial extent and degree depending on the methods used. The chemotherapy group also showed brain aging and gray matter recovery relative to the non-cancer control group. These findings contribute to the assessment of treatment strategies' risks and benefits.
BRAIN IMAGING AND BEHAVIOR
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Ahmed Radwan, Lisa Decraene, Patrick Dupont, Nicolas Leenaerts, Cristina Simon-Martinez, Katrijn Klingels, Els Ortibus, Hilde Feys, Stefan Sunaert, Jeroen Blommaert, Lisa Mailleux
Summary: This study explored the structural brain connectomes in children with spastic unilateral cerebral palsy (uCP) and its relationship to sensory-motor function using graph theory. The results showed a hyperconnectivity pattern in the CDGM-lesion group compared to the PWM-lesion group, with higher clustering coefficient, characteristic path length, and local efficiency. The CST-wiring pattern was found to be the strongest predictor for motor function. The findings highlight the potential of structural connectomics in understanding disease severity and brain development in children with uCP.
HUMAN BRAIN MAPPING
(2023)
Article
Physiology
Wilhelmina E. Radstake, Steven Jillings, Steven Laureys, Athena Demertzi, Stefan Sunaert, Angelique Van Ombergen, Floris L. Wuyts
Summary: This study aimed to investigate whether fighter pilots, who are exposed to frequent g-level transitions and high g-levels, show differential functional characteristics compared to matched controls, indicative of neuroplasticity. The results showed altered functional connectivity in the brains of fighter pilots, suggesting adaptive coping strategies to altered sensorimotor demands during flight.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Correction
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Elke Lathouwers, Ahmed Radwan, Jeroen Blommaert, Lara Stas, Bruno Tassignon, Sabine D. Allard, Filip De Ridder, Elisabeth De Waele, Nicole Hoornaert, Patrick Lacor, Rembert Mertens, Maarten Naeyaert, Hubert Raeymaekers, Lucie Seyler, Anne-Marie Vanbinst, Lien Van Liedekerke, Jeroen Van Schependom, Peter Van Schuerbeek, Steven Provyn, Bart Roelands, Marie Vandekerckhove, Romain Meeusen, Stefan Sunaert, Guy Nagels, Johan De Mey, Kevin De Pauw
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Elke Lathouwers, Ahmed Radwan, Jeroen Blommaert, Lara Stas, Bruno Tassignon, Sabine D. Allard, F. De Ridder, E. De Waele, N. Hoornaert, P. Lacor, R. Mertens, Maarten Naeyaert, Hubert Raeymaekers, Lucie Seyler, A. M. Vanbinst, Lien Van Liedekerke, Jeroen Van Schependom, Peter Van Schuerbeek, Steven Provyn, Bart Roelands, Marie Vandekerckhove, R. Meeusen, Stefan Sunaert, G. Nagels, J. De Mey, Kevin De Pauw
Summary: COVID-19 can have negative impacts on the quality of life and induce neurological sequelae. This study reveals differences in structural brain connectivity and cognitive performance between former hospitalised COVID-19 patients and healthy controls.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Michelle Melis, Gwen Schroyen, Jeroen Blommaert, Nicolas Leenaerts, Ann Smeets, Katleen Van Der Gucht, Stefan Sunaert, Sabine Deprez
Summary: Cognitive impairment is a common issue after cancer treatment, and it negatively affects the quality of life for cancer survivors. This study investigated the potential of a mindfulness-based intervention to impact the mechanisms of cancer-related cognitive impairment (CRCI). Breast cancer survivors with cognitive complaints were assigned to a mindfulness, physical training, or waitlist control group. The results showed that physical training had the most pronounced effects on functional network organization and biomarkers of inflammation, which are believed to be involved in CRCI.
Meeting Abstract
Neurosciences
Thomas Vande Casteele, Maarten Laroy, Margot Van Cauwenberge, Michel Koole, Patrick Dupont, Stefan Sunaert, Jan Van den Stock, Filip Bouckaert, Koen Van Laere, Louise Emsell, Mathieu Vandenbulcke
BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Meeting Abstract
Urology & Nephrology
Anugrah Santoso, Stefan Sunaert, Dirk De Ridder
JOURNAL OF UROLOGY
(2023)
Meeting Abstract
Urology & Nephrology
A. D. Santoso, S. Sunaert, D. De Ridder