Article
Biology
Kyung Soo Kim, Il-Youp Kwak, Hyun Jin Min
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the PEA-based sniffing bead test as a screening tool for olfactory dysfunction. Significant correlations were found between the PEA bead test and conventional psychophysical olfactory function testing. The PEA bead test showed high sensitivity and specificity for discriminating olfactory dysfunction. These results suggest that the PEA bead test could be a valuable screening tool for olfactory dysfunction.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Taesik Jung, Bo Yoon Choi, Minho Jang, Taehee Kim, Eunhye Seo, Jin Kook Kim
Summary: This study compared the olfactory and gustatory characteristics of COVID-19 patients with olfactory dysfunction and postinfectious olfactory dysfunction patients without COVID-19. The COVID-19 group had better initial olfactory and gustatory function. After olfactory training, both groups showed an increase in olfactory function test scores.
JOURNAL OF KOREAN MEDICAL SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
David T. Liu, Maha Sabha, Michael Damm, Carl Philpott, Anna Oleszkiewicz, Antje Haehner, Thomas Hummel
Summary: The study found that the presence of parosmia is associated with clinically relevant recovery in olfactory discrimination and identification function in patients with PIOD receiving olfactory training, with patients who have lower baseline olfactory function being more likely to show significant improvements.
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Ayako Motoki, Naoki Akamatsu, Tomoyuki Fumuro, Ayako Miyoshi, Hideaki Tanaka, Koichi Hagiwara, Shinji Ohara, Takashi Kamada, Hiroshi Shigeto, Hiroyuki Murai
Summary: Patients with temporal lobe epilepsy exhibit significant olfactory dysfunction, especially in those with bilateral seizure foci and older age of onset. Temporal lobectomy for hippocampal sclerosis does not lead to significant decline in olfactory function after long-term recovery.
EPILEPSY & BEHAVIOR
(2021)
Article
Allergy
M. J. Rojas-Lechuga, J. C. Ceballos, M. Valls-Mateus, P. Mackers, A. Izquierdo-Dominguez, M. Lopez-Chacon, C. Langdon, F. Marino-Sanchez, J. Valero, J. Mullol, I Alobid
Summary: This study developed and validated a short, easy-to-perform, and reusable smell test for use during the COVID-19 pandemic. The test showed good reliability and correlation in healthy individuals and patients with olfactory dysfunction, and disposable cotton swabs with odorants were found to be useful and safe.
JOURNAL OF INVESTIGATIONAL ALLERGOLOGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Vidyulata Kamath, Honglei Chen, Srishti Shrestha, Dawn Mechanic-Hamilton, Jennifer A. Deal, Thomas H. Mosley, Andrea L. C. Schneider
Summary: This study provides normative data for the 12-item Sniffin Sticks Odor Identification Test (SSOIT-12) in older Black and White U.S. adults. The data can aid clinicians in assessing olfactory loss and monitoring changes in olfactory performance.
ARCHIVES OF CLINICAL NEUROPSYCHOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Ha Nguyen, Javier Albayay, Richard Hochenberger, Surabhi Bhutani, Sanne Boesveldt, Niko A. Busch, Ilja Croijmans, Keiland W. Cooper, Jasper H. B. de Groot, Michael C. Farruggia, Alexander W. Fjaeldstad, John E. Hayes, Thomas Hummel, Paule Joseph, Tatiana K. Laktionova, Thierry Thomas-Danguin, Maria G. Veldhuizen, Vera V. Voznessenskaya, Valentina Parma, M. Yanina Pepino, Kathrin Ohla
Summary: People often confuse smell loss with taste loss. Our study aimed to investigate the extent of taste loss in patients who self-report taste loss. Through an online survey and chemosensory tests, we found that COVID-19-positive individuals reported a significant reduction in taste, smell, and oral irritation intensity compared to individuals without respiratory illness. This suggests that assessing the intensity of household items may be a promising screening tool for taste dysfunction.
Article
Otorhinolaryngology
Marcio Nakanishi, Marco Aurelio Fornazieri, Pedro Lanca Gomes, Luis Augusto de Miranda Dias, Gustavo Subtil Magalhaes Freire, Luis Gustavo do Amaral Vinha, Leonardo Conrado Barbosa de Sa, Richard Louis Voegels, Claudia Galvao Eng, Wilma Terezinha Anselmo Lima
Summary: The study aimed to determine the feasibility of a new handheld digital scent device (DSD) as an olfactory assessment test. The research found that the DSD test scores were higher than the 40-item Smell Identification Test (SIT-40), with strong correlation and high agreement between the two tests. Therefore, the DSD has the potential to be an effective tool for olfactory assessment testing.
INTERNATIONAL FORUM OF ALLERGY & RHINOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Ha Nguyen, Javier Albayay, Richard Hochenberger, Surabhi Bhutani, Sanne Boesveldt, Niko A. Busch, Ilja Croijmans, Keiland W. Cooper, Jasper H. B. de Groot, Michael C. Farruggia, Alexander W. Fjaeldstad, John E. Hayes, Thomas Hummel, Paule Joseph, Tatiana K. Laktionova, Thierry Thomas-Danguin, Maria G. Veldhuizen, Vera V. Voznessenskaya, Valentina Parma, M. Yanina Pepino, Kathrin Ohla
Summary: Our study found that individuals who tested positive for COVID-19 reported reduced taste, smell, and oral irritation compared to those without symptoms. Taste was reduced by 21%, smell by 47%, and oral irritation by 17% in the COVID+ group. There were medium to strong correlations between perceived intensities and self-assessed abilities.
Review
Allergy
Aria Jafari, Eric H. Holbrook
Summary: The purpose of this review is to summarize the latest literature on the treatment of olfactory dysfunction, a common condition affecting 5-15% of the population. Current evidence suggests that short-term use of topical corticosteroids and systemic therapy, combined with olfactory training, can be effective in treating olfactory dysfunction. However, further research is needed to draw meaningful conclusions on the efficacy of other treatments under investigation.
CURRENT ALLERGY AND ASTHMA REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Otorhinolaryngology
Bo Yoon Choi, Hamin Jeong, Haemin Noh, Joon Yong Park, Jae Hoon Cho, Jin Kook Kim
Summary: This study demonstrated the efficacy of olfactory training (OT) in postinfectious olfactory dysfunction (PIOD) patients using odorants familiar to Koreans and including a control group. OT improved olfactory function in approximately 40% of patients over 12 weeks, with the OT group showing significantly better results in olfactory tests compared to the non-OT group.
CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Jeong-Whun Kim, Hyo Sang Kim, Minju Kim, Su Hwan Kim, Sung-Woo Cho, Jin Youp Kim
Summary: The study developed and validated a reliable olfactory function questionnaire for assessing olfactory loss in COVID-19 patients. The questionnaire showed significant correlations with conventional olfactory function tests and demonstrated high predictive power in discriminating different levels of olfactory dysfunction. This questionnaire could serve as an alternative tool for olfactory function testing in cases where traditional psychophysical tests are challenging to perform.
JOURNAL OF KOREAN MEDICAL SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Xiaoguang Yan, Akshita Joshi, Yunpeng Zang, Francisca Assuncao, Henrique M. Fernandes, Thomas Hummel
Summary: The shape of the olfactory bulb is correlated with olfactory function, age, gender, and causes of olfactory disorders. It can be used as a biomarker for olfactory dysfunction.
Article
Otorhinolaryngology
Mariana Dalbo Contrera Toro, Flavia Ribas Demarco, Lorena T. Giacomin, Fernanda Rodrigues da Cunha, Mariah G. Alves dos Reis, Eulalia Sakano
Summary: This study assessed the prevalence of olfactory dysfunction and associated clinical alterations in elderly individuals attending a tertiary hospital in Brazil. The results showed that 15.5% reported olfactory complaints and 66% presented impairment in the olfactory test. Older individuals showed more changes in olfactory function.
EUROPEAN ARCHIVES OF OTO-RHINO-LARYNGOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Otorhinolaryngology
Bernhard Prem, David T. Liu, Gerold Besser, Gunjan Sharma, Laura E. Dultinger, Sissy Hofer, Martina M. Matiasczyk, Bertold Renner, Christian A. Mueller
Summary: Our results demonstrate that long-lasting olfactory dysfunction after SARS-CoV-2 infection is a common symptom. The majority of patients had olfactory dysfunction in the range of hyposmia, which was confirmed by comprehensive smell tests.
EUROPEAN ARCHIVES OF OTO-RHINO-LARYNGOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Aytug Altundag, Dastan Temirbekov, Cemal Haci, Duzgun Yildirim, Melih Cayonu
Summary: This study retrospectively investigated the anatomical features of the olfactory cleft in patients with postviral or postinfectious olfactory loss (PIOL). The results showed that patients with PIOL had significantly increased OC width and volume than the healthy controls, suggesting an extra-wide olfactory cleft as a predisposing factor for PIOL.
Article
Otorhinolaryngology
Ozlem Saatci, Aytug Altundag, Ozge Arici Duz, Thomas Hummel
EUROPEAN ARCHIVES OF OTO-RHINO-LARYNGOLOGY
(2020)
Article
Otorhinolaryngology
Aytug Altundag, Duzgun Yildirim, Deniz Esin Tekcan Sanli, Melih Cayonu, Sedat Giray Kandemirli, Ahmet Necati Sanli, Ozge Arici Duz, Ozlem Saatci
Summary: This study found that patients with COVID-19 anosmia had significantly wider OC widths and volumes compared to control subjects, and showed potential inflammatory changes on MRI.
OTOLARYNGOLOGY-HEAD AND NECK SURGERY
(2021)
Article
Otorhinolaryngology
David T. Liu, Robert Pellegrino, Maha Sabha, Aytug Altundag, Michael Damm, Sophia C. Poletti, Ilona Croy, Antje Haehner, Anna Oleszkiewicz, Cuevas Mandy, Thomas Hummel
Summary: This study demonstrates that olfactory training is more effective than no training in patients with various causes of olfactory dysfunction, and can also improve olfactory function in normosmic individuals. Baseline olfactory performance and etiology of olfactory dysfunction are identified as important factors associated with relevant improvements after olfactory training.
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Deniz Esin Tekcan Sanli, Duzgun Yildirim
Summary: The study found that specific vascular changes observed in chest CT of COVID-19 patients may predict the disease severity and could be related to respiratory distress. These changes were significantly associated with fever and shortness of breath, and were more remarkable in cases involving both upper and lower lobes.
DIAGNOSTIC AND INTERVENTIONAL RADIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Otorhinolaryngology
Deniz Esin Tekcan Sanli, Aytug Altundag, Sedat Giray Kandemirli, Duzgun Yildirim, Ahmet Necati Sanli, Ozlem Saatci, Ceyda Erel Kirisoglu, Oner Dikensoy, Edvin Murrja, Atakan Yesil, Serdar Bastan, Tamer Karsidag, Ibrahim Ozkan Akinci, Sezen Ozkok, Eren Yilmaz, Filiz Tuzuner, Meltem Kilercik, Taner Ljama
Summary: This study found that COVID-19 patients with anosmia had significantly lower serum levels of IL-6 compared to patients without anosmia, and the lower IL-6 levels were associated with a milder course of the disease. It suggests that anosmic cases may have a milder form of COVID-19 due to low cytokine storm and IL-6 levels.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OTOLARYNGOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Otorhinolaryngology
Aytug Altundag, Ozlem Saatci, Deniz Esin Tekcan Sanli, Ozge Arici Duz, Ahmet Necati Sanli, Oktay Olmuscelik, Dastan Temirbekov, Sedat Giray Kandemirli, Aysegul Batioglu Karaaltin
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the clinical course of anosmia in relation to other symptoms among COVID-19 patients. The results showed that isolated anosmia cases had more severe symptoms and lower complete recovery rates compared to patients with other clinical symptoms. Residual olfactory dysfunction and duration of loss of smell varied between different groups.
EUROPEAN ARCHIVES OF OTO-RHINO-LARYNGOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Andreas Steenholt Niklassen, Julia Draf, Caroline Huart, Constantin Hintschich, Simone Bocksberger, Eleonora Maria Consiglia Trecca, Ludger Klimek, Serge D. Le Bon, Aytug Altundag, Thomas Hummel
Summary: Chemosensory dysfunction is common in COVID-19, with significant differences in olfactory function during and after infection. Most patients recover within the first 28 days, but some may experience persistent dysfunction and should seek specialist care.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Aytug Altundag, Ozlem Saatci, Sedat G. Kandemirli, Deniz E. T. Sanli, Ozge A. Duz, Ahmet N. Sanli, Duzgun Yildirim
Summary: A retrospective study on 52 patients undergoing olfactory training for post-traumatic olfactory dysfunction revealed imaging features that can predict responses to treatment. A scoring system was developed based on five variables to provide a good specificity for optimizing management options.
Article
Otorhinolaryngology
Caroline Huart, Carl M. Philpott, Aytug Altundag, Alexander W. Fjaeldstad, Johannes Frasnelli, Simon Gane, Julien W. Hsieh, Eric H. Holbrook, Iordanis Konstantinidis, Basile N. Landis, Alberto Macchi, Christian A. Mueller, Simona Negoias, Jayant M. Pinto, Sophia C. Poletti, Vijay R. Ramakrishnan, Philippe Rombaux, Jan Vodicka, Antje Welge-Luessen, Katherine L. Whitcroft, Thomas Hummel
Summary: The frequent association between COVID-19 and olfactory dysfunction is leading to a demand for treatment, with systemic corticosteroids considered as an option. However, caution is advised due to weak evidence supporting their effectiveness, high rate of spontaneous recovery, and potential adverse effects. Instead, smell training, which has strong evidence and no known side effects, should be considered initially.
INTERNATIONAL FORUM OF ALLERGY & RHINOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Aytug Aldundag, Eren Yilmaz, Mustafa Caner Kesimli
Summary: This study retrospectively investigated the effectiveness of modified olfactory training in treating parosmia induced by COVID-19 infection. The results showed that olfactory training was effective in improving parosmia symptoms and increasing discrimination abilities in patients.
Editorial Material
Otorhinolaryngology
Deniz Esin Tekcan Sanli, Ahmet Necati Sanli, Sedat Giray Kandemirli, Aytug Altundag, Duzgun Yildirim
ORL-JOURNAL FOR OTO-RHINO-LARYNGOLOGY HEAD AND NECK SURGERY
(2022)
Review
Otorhinolaryngology
Zara M. Patel, Eric H. Holbrook, Justin H. Turner, Nithin D. Adappa, Mark W. Albers, Aytug Altundag, Simone Appenzeller, Richard M. Costanzo, Ilona Croy, Greg E. Davis, Puya Dehgani-Mobaraki, Richard L. Doty, Valerie B. Duffy, Bradley J. Goldstein, David A. Gudis, Antje Haehner, Thomas S. Higgins, Claire Hopkins, Caroline Huart, Thomas Hummel, Kawinyarat Jitaroon, Robert C. Kern, Ashoke R. Khanwalkar, Masayoshi Kobayashi, Kenji Kondo, Andrew P. Lane, Matt Lechner, Donald A. Leopold, Joshua M. Levy, Michael J. Marmura, Lisha Mclelland, Takaki Miwa, Paul J. Moberg, Christian A. Mueller, Sagar U. Nigwekar, Erin K. O'Brien, Teodor G. Paunescu, Robert Pellegrino, Carl Philpott, Jayant M. Pinto, Evan R. Reiter, David R. Roalf, Nicholas R. Rowan, Rodney J. Schlosser, James Schwob, Allen M. Seiden, Timothy L. Smith, Zachary M. Soler, Leigh Sowerby, Bruce K. Tan, Andrew Thamboo, Bozena Wrobel, Carol H. Yan
Summary: This article reviews the literature on clinical olfaction, olfactory loss, and olfactory dysfunction over the past two decades and introduces the International Consensus on Allergy and Rhinology: Olfaction (ICAR:O). Nearly 100 topics were thoroughly reviewed, providing important insights and clear guidance for the diagnosis and treatment of patients, while also highlighting gaps in our knowledge and evidence base.
INTERNATIONAL FORUM OF ALLERGY & RHINOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Otorhinolaryngology
Aytug Altundag
Summary: This review summarized the current knowledge on parosmia and phantosmia and introduced support and treatment algorithms for these qualitative olfactory disorders.
CURRENT OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY REPORTS
(2023)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Deniz Esin Tekcan Sanli, Duzgun Yildirim, Ahmet Necati Sanli, Suha Turkmen, Neval Erozan, Guray Husmen, Aytug Altundag, Filiz Tuzuner
Summary: This review systematically examines the radiological imaging findings of COVID-19, emphasizing the invaluable role in diagnosis and treatment, and considering specific distinctive patterns of involvement.
MILITARY MEDICAL RESEARCH
(2021)