Article
Behavioral Sciences
Kyrian Nicolay-Kritter, Jordan Lassalle, Jean-Louis Guillou, Nicole Mons
Summary: The study found that pharmacological inhibition of G9a/GLP activity immediately after learning disrupts the long-term consolidation of spatial information in male mice, leading to cue bias on a competition test performed 24 hours later. The inhibition of hippocampal G9a/GLP did not affect short-term memory retention. Immunohistochemical analyses showed changes in histone acetylation levels in the dorsal hippocampus and striatum post-training, suggesting that G9a/GLP is required for the transcriptional switch from short-term to long-term spatial memory formation.
NEUROBIOLOGY OF LEARNING AND MEMORY
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Martina Hedenius, Jonas Persson
Summary: This study aimed to test the impact of the striatum on developmental dyslexia (DD), and found that the DD group showed less activation of the striatum during the processing of sequential statistical regularities. Additionally, hippocampal activity and caudate nucleus volume played different roles in sequence learning between the typically developing (TD) group and the DD group.
HUMAN BRAIN MAPPING
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Jessica F. de Souza, Mayara M. Silveira, Heloisa H. A. Barcellos, Leonardo J. G. Barcellos, Ana C. Luchiari
Summary: This study investigated the effects of anthropogenic noise on dusky damselfish and found that exposure to high-intensity music increased anxiety and decreased memory retention, suggesting the deleterious potential of noise for reef species.
MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Matthew T. Birnie, Matthew D. B. Claydon, Oliver Troy, Benjamin P. Flynn, Mitsuhiro Yoshimura, Yvonne M. Kershaw, Zidong Zhao, Rebecca C. R. Demski- Allen, Gareth R. I. Barker, E. Clea Warburton, Zuner A. Bortolotto, Stafford L. Lightman, Becky L. Conway- Campbell
Summary: The coordinator of circadian biological systems is adrenal glucocorticoid secretion, which plays a role in regulating various physiological processes. However, disruption of this circadian rhythm during corticosteroid therapy can lead to memory impairment, and the underlying mechanisms are not yet fully understood. This study investigates the impact of corticosteroid treatment on the hippocampal transcriptome and synaptic plasticity in rats, revealing misalignment with natural circadian cues and resulting in memory deficits. These findings provide insights into the molecular basis of memory deficits in patients treated with long-acting synthetic corticosteroids.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Valentina Mastrorilli, Eleonora Centofante, Federica Antonelli, Arianna Rinaldi, Andrea Mele
Summary: Distributed training leads to more robust memory formation compared to massed training. The neuronal activity in different subregions of the striatum is affected differently by distributed and massed training, with the medial and lateral striatum playing selective roles in the storage of information from each type of training. Optogenetic stimulation of the dorsolateral striatum during massed training can enable the formation of enduring memory similar to distributed learning. These findings provide insight into the neurobiological mechanisms underlying the distributed practice effect.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Review
Neurosciences
Jarid Goodman, Amanda Gabriele, Rubi A. Guadarrama Ornelas, Mark G. Packard
Summary: This paper provides a comprehensive review of latent extinction. Latent extinction refers to confining an animal to a previously reinforced goal location without food in maze learning situations, resulting in a response decrement when returned to the starting position. Previous research has suggested that latent extinction is sufficient to invoke extinction learning. The majority of research on latent extinction focused on what is being learned during the latent placements. Stimulus-response theorists attempted to explain latent extinction through novel mechanisms, but cognitive expectancy theorists provided a simpler and more adequate explanation. Recent studies have also uncovered some of the neural mechanisms of latent extinction, showing the critical involvement of the hippocampus and the lack of requirement for the dorsolateral striatum. Latent extinction requires NMDA receptor activity, suggesting synaptic plasticity's involvement. Overall, the research on latent extinction supports the hypothesis that extinction learning is not a unitary process but rather different types mediated by distinct neural systems.
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Brynn E. Sherman, Nicholas B. Turk-Browne, Elizabeth V. Goldfarb
Summary: The multiple-memory-systems framework that different brain systems support distinct types of memory has been guiding learning and memory research for decades. However, recent research challenges the one-to-one mapping between brain structures and memory types. This article proposes an updated framework called multiple memory subsystems (MMSS) and discusses its potential to revise classic theories of long-term memory.
PERSPECTIVES ON PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
C. J. Scavuzzo, L. A. Newman, P. E. Gold, D. L. Korol
Summary: The study found that there were significant changes in brain extracellular glucose levels during task training, but these changes were not influenced by the type of task.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Rachel Rac-Lubashevsky, Anna Cremer, Anne G. E. Collins, Michael J. Frank, Lars Schwabe
Summary: Human learning and decision-making rely on multiple parallel systems. Recent studies have shown a trade-off between reinforcement learning (RL) and working memory (WM). A computational model predicts that high WM load slows behavioral acquisition but enhances robustness and retention through larger prediction errors in the RL system.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Jeremy Ebersole, Gregory Rose, Tore Eid, Kevin Behar, Peter Patrylo
Summary: The age-related decrease in hippocampal metabolism is correlated with cognitive decline. However, the resting state neural metabolism and GLU-GLN cycling may be preserved during aging. Enhanced astroglial metabolism observed in aged cognitively-unimpaired rats may serve as a compensatory change to maintain hippocampus-dependent cognitive function.
NEUROBIOLOGY OF AGING
(2021)
Review
Behavioral Sciences
Lucas Gazarini, Cristina A. J. Stern, Leandro J. Bertoglio
Summary: Fear conditioning and avoidance tasks reveal adaptive aversive memories, while traumatic memories are more intense, generalized, inflexible, and resistant to strategies for weakening through extinction and reconsolidation. Analyzing over 350 studies on adult rats and mice, the use of stressful conditions, aversive training, and administration of drugs to induce neurochemical or epigenetic alterations in the aftermath of trauma could provide insights into posttraumatic stress disorder's neurobiology and potential treatments.
NEUROSCIENCE AND BIOBEHAVIORAL REVIEWS
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
N. Dolfen, B. R. King, L. Schwabe, M. A. Gann, M. P. Veldman, A. von Leupoldt, S. P. Swinnen, G. Albouy
Summary: According to the study, stress induced a larger recruitment of sensorimotor regions and a greater disengagement of hippocampo-cortical networks during training, which was beneficial for initial performance but detrimental for consolidation.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Zeyneb Chouit, Dounia Djellal, Souhila Haddad, Mourad Hanfer, Messaoud Hachemi, Zhoura Lakroun, Smail Chafaa, Hamadi Fetoui, Mohamed Kebieche, Rachid Soulimani
Summary: The study found that chronic exposure to cadmium may cause changes in neurobehavioral and cognitive abilities in rats, affect mitochondrial function in the brain, increase oxidative stress, and enhance the apoptosis signaling pathway.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Bethany E. Frost, Sean K. Martin, Matheus Cafalchio, Md Nurul Islam, John P. Aggleton, Shane M. O'Mara
Summary: Lesions affecting the anterior thalamic nuclei may be responsible for diencephalic amnesia, similar to how hippocampal lesions cause temporal lobe amnesia. The core element of diencephalic amnesia seems to be the loss of information in hippocampal output regions following anterior thalamic pathology, possibly due to the direct connections between the two areas.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Hui Wang, Yu Liu, Li Zhao, Ji Dong, Xinping Xu, Haoyu Wang, Jing Zhang, Binwei Yao, Xuelong Zhao, Shuchen Liu, Ke Zhang, Ruiyun Peng
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the effects of simultaneous 1.5 and 4.3 GHz microwave exposure in rats. The results showed that this microwave exposure led to impairments in spatial learning and memory, as well as damage to cortical electrical activity and hippocampal ultrastructure in rats. Furthermore, differentially expressed exosomal proteins were identified between different exposure groups, which were associated with synaptic vesicle cycle and SNARE interactions during vesicular transport.
ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY
(2022)
Editorial Material
Neurosciences
Lars Schwabe, Erno J. Hermans, Marian Joels, Benno Roozendaal
Summary: Stress has a major impact on memory, altering cellular, neural network, and cognitive mechanisms. Recent advances have revealed the interplay of stress mediators and the time-dependent shifts in neural networks, leading to specific memories of stressful experiences. This new understanding could provide potential targets for treating memory issues in stress-related mental disorders.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Stefan Schulreich, Lisa C. Dandolo, Lars Schwabe
Summary: Rational choices should be based on available options, but past costs often influence decisions due to the sunk-cost effect. This effect may be reduced by acute stress, particularly in risky situations with low success probabilities following high prior investments. Glucocorticoid action may play a role in mediating this effect.
PSYCHONEUROENDOCRINOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biology
Jacqueline Katharina Meier, Bernhard P. Staresina, Lars Schwabe
Summary: This study used EEG-based multivariate pattern analysis to decode neural representations of outcome and response in individuals under stress. The findings suggest that stress can lead to habitual behavior due to enhanced stimulus-response processing and diminished outcome processing.
Article
Neurosciences
Hendrik Heinbockel, Conny W. E. M. Quaedflieg, Jan Wacker, Lars Schwabe
Summary: This study examined the role of theta oscillations in memory generalization using EEG and multivariate representational similarity analysis. The findings suggest that memory generalization is associated with increased pattern dissimilarity of theta activity in the right centro-parietal area, indicating the importance of theta oscillations in facilitating memory generalization.
BRAIN AND COGNITION
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Anna-Maria Grob, Branka Milivojevic, Arjen Alink, Christian F. Doeller, Lars Schwabe
Summary: Memories are not stored in isolation. Insight into the relationship of initially unrelated events may trigger a flexible reconfiguration of the mnemonic representation of these events. However, stress impairs this process and leads to fragmented memories in PTSD. In this study, acute stress was found to reduce brain activity and disrupt the reconfiguration of memories, but interestingly, it enhanced long-term memory performance. These findings have implications for understanding memory distortions in stress-related mental disorders.
Article
Neurosciences
Anna Cremer, Felix Kalbe, Jana Christina Mueller, Klaus Wiedemann, Lars Schwabe
Summary: In this study, the distinct roles of dopamine and noradrenaline in the exploration-exploitation tradeoff during human choice were investigated. The results showed that amisulpride increased the sensitivity to critical choice features, while propranolol was associated with a reduced tendency to use value information. These findings provide new insights into the regulation of human choice behavior, indicating the critical involvement of dopamine in directed exploration and a role of noradrenaline in more random exploration.
NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Rachel Rac-Lubashevsky, Anna Cremer, Anne G. E. Collins, Michael J. Frank, Lars Schwabe
Summary: Human learning and decision-making rely on multiple parallel systems. Recent studies have shown a trade-off between reinforcement learning (RL) and working memory (WM). A computational model predicts that high WM load slows behavioral acquisition but enhances robustness and retention through larger prediction errors in the RL system.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Biological
Li Lin, Lars Schwabe, Xiaoyu Wang, Lei Zhan, Liang Zhang
Summary: Chronic exposure to daily stress can have negative effects on mental health, particularly when individuals lack adaptive adjustment mechanisms. This study investigated how adaptive capacities in cognition and emotion, as well as their neural signatures, can moderate stress reactivity in daily life. The results showed that a larger adaptation effect in reaction times of a conflict task predicted a stronger negative affect in response to stress on the same day. The adaptation effect in brain activity components elicited by the conflict task also predicted a weaker influence of today's stress on the next day's stress level, indicating better stress adaptation. These findings have implications for early screening of stress-vulnerable populations and the prevention and intervention of stress-related mental disorders.
Review
Behavioral Sciences
Blazej M. Baczkowski, Jan Haaker, Lars Schwabe
Summary: Learning about threats relies on Pavlovian conditioning, but this method has limitations in detecting known threats and involves the risk of danger. Individuals use mnemonic processes to expand our ability to recognize danger, even in novel situations with minimal aversive experience. The interplay between these memories allows us to infer danger and protect ourselves.
TRENDS IN COGNITIVE SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Stefan Schulreich, Anita Tusche, Philipp Kanske, Lars Schwabe
Summary: Our study provides a comprehensive account of the socio-cognitive and neural mechanisms through which socioeconomic status affects charitable giving. We found that both charitable giving and social cognition were status-dependent, and the link between SES and charitable giving was mediated by individuals' mentalizing capacity. At the neural level, higher subjective SES was associated with stronger value coding in the right temporoparietal junction (rTPJ), which predicted charitable giving and was linked to mentalizing.
Review
Behavioral Sciences
Nina Rouhani, Yael Niv, Michael J. Frank, Lars Schwabe
Summary: This article reviews the prioritization of events associated with aversive or rewarding outcomes and attributes the memory boost to the elicited affective response, which is closely linked to noradrenergic and dopaminergic modulation of hippocampal plasticity. In addition, it compares this 'affect' mechanism to a recently discovered 'prediction' mechanism where memories are strengthened by prediction errors (PEs) that deviate from expectations. The mnemonic impact of PEs is separate from the affective outcome and has a distinct neural signature, and both mechanisms have different and sometimes opposing predictions for memory integration.
TRENDS IN COGNITIVE SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Valentina Krenz, Arjen Alink, Tobias Sommer, Benno Roozendaal, Lars Schwabe
Summary: Memories undergo a time-dependent neural reorganization, with a transformation characterized by a semantic nature and reflected in pattern reinstatement in the hippocampus and event representations in the neocortex.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Lars Schwabe
Summary: Memory is controlled by competing brain systems, and acute stress can bias this competition towards habit learning over cognitive learning. Recent research suggests that stress not only affects memory formation, but also modulates the engagement of multiple memory systems during retrieval. The specific shift in brain systems during retrieval depends on the intensity of initial training and may enhance efficient responding during stressful encounters.
CURRENT OPINION IN BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Anna-Maria Grob, Denise Ehlers, Lars Schwabe
Summary: This study examined the effects of stress on individual event memory and found that stress can enhance the memory of individual events but impair the memory of the temporal sequence between events. This suggests that acute stress has an impact on memory formation.
Article
Neurosciences
Anna-Maria Grob, Branka Milivojevic, Arjen Alink, Christian F. Doeller, Lars Schwabe
Summary: Gaining insight through imagination and observation contributes to the integration of separate events into coherent episodes. In this study, fMRI and representational similarity analysis were used to investigate the behavioral and neural effects of insight through imagination. The results revealed that insight through imagination was weaker than insight through observation, but the imagination group had better detail memory. Additionally, the imagination group exhibited different neural activation patterns compared to the observation group, suggesting that imagination hinders concurrent mnemonic integration but may enhance long-term memory.
