Article
Cell Biology
Benjamin P. Song, Michelle F. Ragsac, Krissie Tellez, Granton A. Jindal, Jessica L. Grudzien, Sophia H. Le, Emma K. Farley
Summary: By conducting high-throughput screens on genomic elements in developing Ciona embryos, this study identifies an enhancer near Lama gene that is critical for notochord development. Transcription factors Zic and ETS regulate enhancer activity and their binding sites are conserved in Lama1 introns in mouse and human. Furthermore, a similar binding site logic is observed in other Ciona and vertebrate Bra enhancers. The study uncovers the importance of enhancer grammar and discovers conserved signatures of enhancer logic and grammar in chordates.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Noah L. Pettit, Ee-Lynn Yap, Michael E. Greenberg, Christopher D. Harvey
Summary: Fos-induced cells contribute to accurate, stable and spatially uniform place codes in the hippocampus and Fos itself has a causal role in shaping these place codes.
Article
Neurosciences
Ming-Ming Zhang, An-Qi Geng, Kun Chen, Jian Wang, Pan Wang, Xin-Tong Qiu, Jun-Xiang Gu, Hong-Wei Fan, Da-Yu Zhu, Shan-Ming Yang, Qi-Yu Chen, Zhao-Xiang Zhou, Bo-Yuan Fan, Yang Bai, Ke-Ke Xing, Jia-Ming Feng, Jun-Da Wang, Yan Chen, Ya-Cheng Lu, Ying Liang, Peng Cao, Bong-Kiun Kaang, Min Zhuo, Yun-Qing Li, Tao Chen
Summary: This study established a long-term observational pain model in mice and identified the glutamatergic projection from the insular cortex to the basolateral amygdala as critical for the formation of observational pain. Synaptotagmin-2 and RIM3 were found to be key signals in controlling the increased synaptic glutamate transmission in this projection pathway.
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Tim R. Mercer, Trent Munro, John S. Mattick
Summary: The vast numbers of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in the human genome play diverse roles in gene regulation, cell biology, development, and human disease. Advances in RNA-based therapies have enabled the exploration and exploitation of natural lncRNA structures for the rational design and assembly of synthetic RNA therapies. This has the potential to provide insights into the pharmacological properties of lncRNA therapies that have not yet entered clinical trials.
TRENDS IN PHARMACOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Deborah Korenstein, Russell Harris, Adam G. Elshaug, Joseph S. Ross, Daniel J. Morgan, Richelle J. Cooper, Hyung J. Cho, Jodi B. Segal
Summary: Rigorous evidence on the harms experienced by patients during testing and treatment is lacking. The authors propose seven domains of harms relevant to patients and encourage researchers to evaluate harms in diverse sub-populations for better clinical decision-making. Regulators, funders, and editors may require assessment or reporting of harms in each domain.
JOURNAL OF GENERAL INTERNAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Review
Genetics & Heredity
Sichong Peng, Jessica L. Petersen, Rebecca R. Bellone, Ted Kalbfleisch, N. B. Kingsley, Alexa M. Barber, Eleonora Cappelletti, Elena Giulotto, Carrie J. Finno
Summary: The horse reference genome assemblies EquCab2.0 and EquCab3.0 have led to significant advancements in equine genomics, but gaps in knowledge regarding genome function still exist. The equine Functional Annotation of Animal Genome (FAANG) initiative aims to bridge these gaps by generating data from experiments using various tissues to provide insights into functional regulation within the horse genome. This initiative may serve as a template for expanding functional annotation in the equine genome and for studying complex traits in horses in the future.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jisha Antony, Chue Vin Chin, Julia A. Horsfield
Summary: Mutations in the cohesin complex can lead to neoplastic transformation and are involved in a variety of cellular processes. The impact of these mutations on cancer cells is complex and cell context dependent.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Oncology
Jamie V. V. Shiah, Daniel E. E. Johnson, Jennifer R. R. Grandis
Summary: Cancer is caused by uncontrolled cell growth due to the disregulation of signaling pathways. Transcription factors, located at the intersection of extracellular stimuli and intracellular responses, play a crucial role in regulating gene expression for normal cellular functions. Dysregulation of transcription factors leads to tumorigenesis. Despite the challenges posed by their lack of enzymatic activity, efforts to target transcription factors have made significant progress, particularly in the development of therapeutics that have advanced to clinical trials.
Review
Engineering, Biomedical
Dong Liu, Ting Wang, Yuan Lu
Summary: The article discusses the potential applications of untethered microrobots in medical treatment, particularly focusing on the advantages of active drug delivery systems compared to traditional passive systems. It introduces an integrated 5D radar chart analysis model and addresses the various factors that need to be considered before clinical application of microrobots.
ADVANCED HEALTHCARE MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Rheumatology
Manuel Pombo-Suarez, Carlos Sanchez-Piedra, Juan Gomez-Reino, Kim Lauper, Denis Mongin, Florenzo Iannone, Karel Pavelka, Dan C. Nordstrom, Nevsun Inanc, Catalin Codreanu, Kimme L. Hyrich, Denis Choquette, Anja Strangfeld, Burkhard F. Leeb, Ziga Rotar, Ana Rodrigues, Eirik Klami Kristianslund, Tore K. Kvien, Ori Elkayam, Galina Lukina, Sytske Anne Bergstra, Axel Finckh, Delphine Sophie Courvoisier
Summary: The objective of this study was to compare the effectiveness of cycling Janus kinase inhibitors (JAKi) with switching to biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (bDMARD) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The results showed that both strategies had similar observed drug retention rates after 2 years, but cycling JAKi was associated with higher retention after adjusting for confounders. It was also found that if the first JAKi was discontinued due to an adverse event (AE), it was more likely that the second JAKi would also be stopped due to an AE. Improvement in Clinical Disease Activity Index (CDAI) over time was similar in both strategies.
ANNALS OF THE RHEUMATIC DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Andrea N. Monge, Daniel W. Sigelman, Robert J. Temple, Harinder Singh Chahal
Summary: This study evaluated the use of FDA expedited programs for novel drugs approved between 2008 and 2021, showing an increasing trend in their utilization, especially for orphan drugs.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Andrew Jiang, Renee R. Handley, Klaus Lehnert, Russell G. Snell
Summary: Huntington's disease is a neurodegenerative genetic disorder caused by the expansion of a trinucleotide repeat in the huntingtin gene, leading to widespread cellular degeneration and motor, cognitive, and behavioral symptoms. Despite extensive research on the disease, a disease-modifying treatment has not yet been approved.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Plant Sciences
Laura W. Dijkhuizen, Badraldin Ebrahim Sayed Tabatabaei, Paul Brouwer, Niels Rijken, Valerie A. Buijs, Erbil Gungor, Henriette Schluepmann
Summary: The symbiosis between water ferns and filamentous cyanobacteria is important for sustainable crop development, as they capture CO2 and fix N-2 using light energy. The regulation of sexual reproduction and spore formation in water ferns remains largely unknown, with implications for domestication. Far red light induction of sporocarps can verify species attribution, but not for strains from Iran, which were assigned to a novel species cluster from South America.
FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yong Wei, Cornelia Redel, Alexandra Ahlner, Alexander Lemak, Isak Johansson-Akhe, Scott Houliston, Tristan M. G. Kenney, Aaliya Tamachi, Vivian Morad, Shili Duan, David W. Andrews, Bjorn Wallner, Maria Sunnerhagen, Cheryl H. Arrowsmith, Linda Z. Penn
Summary: This study reveals a direct interaction between MYC and PNUTS, with the MB0 region of MYC binding to the PAD region of PNUTS. This finding provides new insights into the regulatory mechanisms of MYC as a transcription regulator and a cancer driver.
NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH
(2022)
Review
Neurosciences
Xiaohuan Xia, Yi Wang, Jialin C. Zheng
Summary: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) play a key role in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) by transmitting bioactive cargos within the central nervous system. EVs derived from CNS cells have been identified as potential biomarkers for diagnosing NDs and have promising potential as therapeutic targets, agents, and drug delivery systems for treating NDs.
TRANSLATIONAL NEURODEGENERATION
(2022)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Sofia Monteiro, Josephine Grandt, Frank Erhard Uschner, Nina Kimer, Jan Lysgard Madsen, Robert Schierwagen, Sabine Klein, Christoph Welsch, Liliana Schafer, Christian Jansen, Joan Claria, Jose Alcaraz-Quiles, Vicente Arroyo, Richard Moreau, Javier Fernandez, Flemming Bendtsen, Gautam Mehta, Lise Lotte Gluud, Soren Moller, Michael Praktiknjo, Jonel Trebicka
Summary: Systemic inflammation predisposes acutely decompensated cirrhosis to acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF). Different inflammasome activations are involved in ACLF development in compensated and recompensated patients. IL-1 alpha and IL-1 beta may serve as independent predictors of ACLF development in compensated and recompensated patients.
Letter
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Mansoor N. Bangash, Jaimin M. Patel, Dhruv Parekh, Nicholas Murphy, Rachel M. Brown, Ahmed M. Elsharkawy, Gautam Mehta, Matthew J. Armstrong, Desley Neil
JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY
(2020)
Editorial Material
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Gautam Mehta, Rajiv Jalan
Letter
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Su Lin, Banwari Agarwal, Rahul Kumar, Rajiv Jalan, Gautam Mehta
JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Juan Carlos Garcia-Pagan, Claire Francoz, Sara Montagnese, Marco Senzolo, Rajeshwar P. Mookerjee
Summary: With a growing understanding of the pathophysiology of cirrhosis and its complications, new therapies and management strategies have emerged in recent years. While many advances have helped inform current guidelines on managing key complications of cirrhosis, there are still areas where evidence is lacking or opinions are divided among practitioners. This section explores some of these controversial areas, presenting evidence for suggested management approaches beyond existing guidelines.
JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY
(2021)
Editorial Material
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Shilpa Chokshi, Gautam Mehta
ALIMENTARY PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Nathanael Fillmore, Steven Bell, Ciyue Shen, Vinh Nguyen, Jennifer La, Maureen Dubreuil, Judith Strymish, Mary Brophy, Gautam Mehta, Hao Wu, Judy Lieberman, Nhan Do, Chris Sander
Summary: The study suggests that Disulfiram may reduce the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and severity of COVID-19. Further clinical trials are needed to assess its therapeutic effects.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Caroline Junqueira, Angela Crespo, Shahin Ranjbar, Luna B. de Lacerda, Mercedes Lewandrowski, Jacob Ingber, Blair Parry, Sagi Ravid, Sarah Clark, Marie Rose Schrimpf, Felicia Ho, Caroline Beakes, Justin Margolin, Nicole Russell, Kyle Kays, Julie Boucau, Upasana Das Adhikari, Setu M. Vora, Valerie Leger, Lee Gehrke, Lauren A. Henderson, Erin Janssen, Douglas Kwon, Chris Sander, Jonathan Abraham, Marcia B. Goldberg, Hao Wu, Gautam Mehta, Steven Bell, Anne E. Goldfeld, Michael R. Filbin, Judy Lieberman
Summary: This study suggests that SARS-CoV-2 infection in monocytes and macrophages, mediated by antibody uptake, triggers inflammatory cell death and systemic inflammation, which prevents the production of infectious virus but contributes to COVID-19 pathogenesis.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Anne Catrine Daugaard Mikkelsen, Kristoffer Kjaergaard, Rajeshwar Prosad Mookerjee, Hendrik Vilstrup, Gregers Wegener, Cecilie Bay-Richter, Karen Louise Thomsen
Summary: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with cognitive impairment, affecting memory, attention, and daily activities. The neurobiological changes in preclinical models of NAFLD include neuroinflammation, neurodegeneration, neurotransmitter alterations, oxidative stress, and changes in proteins and synaptic density. This systematic review supports the association between NAFLD and neurobiological changes in all stages.
NEUROCHEMICAL RESEARCH
(2022)
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Mingjia Luo, Maria Pilar Ballester, Ugo Soffientini, Rajiv Jalan, Gautam Mehta
Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly affected patients with underlying liver disease, causing high morbidity and mortality. The mechanisms of liver injury in SARS-CoV-2 infection are not fully understood, but elevated liver enzymes have been identified as risk factors. This review provides an overview of the impact of COVID-19 on various liver diseases, including cirrhosis, alcohol-related liver disease, autoimmune liver disease, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, hepatitis B and C virus infection, liver-transplant recipients, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Additionally, emerging data on vaccination in liver diseases are discussed.
HEPATOLOGY INTERNATIONAL
(2022)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Konstantin Kazankov, Simone Novelli, Devnandan A. Chatterjee, Alexandra Phillips, Anu Balaji, Maruthi Raja, Graham Foster, Dhiraj Tripathi, Ravan Boddu, Ravi Kumar, Rajiv Jalan, Rajeshwar P. Mookerjee
Summary: This study aimed to assess the feasibility and potential clinical benefits of remote management using CirrhoCare (R) for individuals with acutely decompensated cirrhosis. The results showed that individuals managed with CirrhoCare (R) had lower risk of re-decompensation, fewer readmissions, and shorter hospital stays. This approach warrants further investigation in larger controlled clinical trials.
JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Nadir Abbas, Jonathan Fallowfield, David Patch, Adrian J. Stanley, Raj Mookerjee, Emmanouil Tsochatzis, Joanna A. Leithead, Peter Hayes, Abhishek Chauhan, Vikram Sharma, Neil Rajoriya, Simon Bach, Thomas Faulkner, Dhiraj Tripathi
Summary: Due to the increasing incidence of cirrhosis in the UK, more patients with chronic liver disease are being considered for non-hepatic surgery. Although there was a historical reluctance to offer surgery to these patients, careful risk assessment has shown that selected patients with compensated early-stage cirrhosis can have good outcomes. However, there are well-known risks associated with surgery in these patients, such as general anesthesia, bleeding, infections, impaired wound healing, acute kidney injury, and cardiovascular compromise.
FRONTLINE GASTROENTEROLOGY
(2023)
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Maria Pilar Ballester, Rajiv Jalan, Gautam Mehta
Summary: Interest in vaccination efficacy and toxicity has increased due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Patients with chronic liver disease and liver transplant recipients may have suboptimal immune responses to vaccines, making them more susceptible to vaccine-preventable infections. The pandemic has accelerated the development of vaccination technology, which will benefit patients with liver disease. This review aims to discuss the impact of vaccine-preventable infections on these patients, evaluate current vaccination strategies, and provide insights into recent developments.
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Salvatore Piano, Nadim Mahmud, Paolo Caraceni, Marta Tonon, Rajeshwar Prosad Mookerjee
Summary: Acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) is a life-threatening syndrome characterized by decompensation of cirrhosis, severe systemic inflammation and organ failures. It is often triggered by intra- and/or extrahepatic insults such as bacterial infections or alcohol-related hepatitis. The management of ACLF includes supporting organ failures, treating precipitating factors, and considering liver transplantation in severe cases.
LIVER INTERNATIONAL
(2023)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Stijn Aaron den Daas, Ugo Soffientini, Shilpa Chokshi, Gautam Mehta
Summary: In this study, an assay for measuring intestinal permeability in mouse intestinal organoids is described. The passage of propidium iodide (PI) within the organoid lumen is used as an indicator of tight junction disruption or epithelial cell death. This technique allows for the analysis of insults, toxins, or treatments on intestinal organoid permeability.