Review
Oncology
Sukh Makhnoon, Banu Arun, Isabelle Bedrosian
Summary: Individuals with germline mutations in BRCA1/2 have unique psychosocial and educational needs. Strategies are available to meet these needs in clinical practice, but inadequate representation of some mutation carriers still persists. Effective clinical risk communication strategies and supportive resources play a crucial role in meeting patients' needs.
CURRENT ONCOLOGY REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Bo Li, Jun Zhang, Yong Chen, Qixia Wang, Li Yan, Rui Wang, Yiran Wei, Zhengrui You, Yikang Li, Qi Miao, Xiao Xiao, Min Lian, Weihua Chen, Dekai Qiu, Jingyuan Fang, M. Eric Gershwin, Ruqi Tang, Xiong Ma
Summary: The study revealed significant individual variability in the therapeutic effects of cholestyramine in icteric PBC patients. Differences in gut microbial composition and metabolites were observed between patients with superior remission (SR) and inferior remission (IR). Patients in the SR group showed enrichment of specific bacterial species producing short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), while the IR group exhibited an increase in Klebsiella pneumonia.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Jung Wan Choe, Jae Min Lee, Jong Jin Hyun, Hong Sik Lee
Summary: The study identifies microbial dysbiosis and changes in bile components as important factors leading to recurrent bile duct stone formation, especially infection with bacteria exhibiting beta-glucuronidase activity. Compared to the non-recurrence group, the recurrence group showed lower microbial richness and evenness, with distinct overall microbial communities.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Laura Diaz-Marugan, Mattia Gallizioli, Leonardo Marquez-Kisinousky, Silvia Arboleya, Annalaura Mastrangelo, Francisca Ruiz-Jaen, Jordi Pedragosa, Climent Casals, Francisco Javier Morales, Sara Ramos-Romero, Sara Traserra, Carles Justicia, Miguel Gueimonde, Marcel Jimenez, Josep Lluis Torres, Xabier Urra, Angel Chamorro, David Sancho, Clara G. de los Reyes-Gavilan, Francesc Miro-Mur, Anna M. Planas
Summary: Severe stroke patients often experience respiratory and urinary tract infections. This is mainly due to opportunistic commensal bacteria translocating from the gut. This study investigated the mechanisms behind gut dysbiosis and poststroke infection.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Quang Trung Tran, Matthias Sendler, Mats L. Wiese, Julia Doller, Lukas Zierke, Marcel Gischke, Juliane Glaubitz, Van Huy Tran, Michael Lalk, Uwe T. Bornscheuer, Frank Ulrich Weiss, Markus M. Lerch, Ali A. Aghdassi
Summary: This study investigates the impact of bile acids on acute pancreatitis severity and underlying pathomechanisms, finding that different circulating bile acids have varying effects in different models, with hydrophobic BAs potentially affecting AP severity through interference with the CCK1 receptor.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Valeria Edelsztein
Summary: High school and college students often struggle with understanding stoichiometry and the concept of limiting reactant. Current proposals to overcome these obstacles tend to use analogies, with few experimental approaches. This article introduces an experimental activity using nonhazardous and inexpensive materials, along with visual and graphic representation, to teach the concept of limiting reactant. The activity was successful with older students with previous knowledge and younger students without prior knowledge, suggesting it could improve understanding and overcome learning obstacles in chemistry.
JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL EDUCATION
(2023)
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Xiong-Quan Long, Ming-Zhu Liu, Zi-Hao Liu, Lv-Zhou Xia, Shi-Peng Lu, Xiao-Ping Xu, Ming-Hao Wu
Summary: Inflammatory bowel disease refers to chronic and recurrent inflammatory disorders of the gastrointestinal tract caused by a complex interplay between genetics and intestinal dysbiosis. Recent data suggests that bile acids and their receptors play a crucial role in the pathophysiological mechanisms of inflammatory bowel disease, impacting intestinal flora, epithelial barrier function, and intestinal immunology. These potential molecules offer new therapeutic applications for treating inflammatory bowel disease. Moreover, the paper explores bile acid metabolism and the interaction between bile acids and the gut microbiota.
WORLD JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY
(2023)
Review
Immunology
Anna Bertolini, Romina Fiorotto, Mario Strazzabosco
Summary: Bile acids not only play a role in digestion and absorption, but also have potential therapeutic value in regulating metabolism and immune function for the treatment of liver diseases.
SEMINARS IN IMMUNOPATHOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Andrea Martinez Aguirre, Joseph A. Sorg
Summary: Clostridioides difficile, a nosocomial pathogen, is a burden to the healthcare system. Disruption of the gut microbiome, commonly caused by broad-spectrum antibiotics, creates a susceptible state for CDI. Various metabolites produced by the host and/or gut microbiota interact with C. difficile, affecting its germination, growth, and colonization. Understanding the interactions between C. difficile and the host's gut microbiome and metabolites becomes more relevant as non-antibiotic CDI treatment advances.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Lars-Olav Harnisch, Sophie Baumann, Diana Mihaylov, Michael Kiehntopf, Michael Bauer, Onnen Moerer, Michael Quintel
Summary: The study found that early hypoxic liver and cholangiocyte injury in ARDS patients are not directly related to the severity of hypoxemia. GGT levels can serve as a sensitive marker for liver function, influenced significantly by total bile acid levels.
Article
Materials Science, Biomaterials
Kathryn Beabout, Amy M. Ehrenworth Breedon, Steven M. Blum, Aleksandr E. Miklos, Matthew W. Lux, Jorge L. Chavez, Michael S. Goodson
Summary: Bile acids play a crucial role in digestion and human health and can serve as biomarkers for monitoring health and detecting fecal contamination in water sources. By optimizing and transferring the expression of the sensor, its sensitivity and utility have been significantly improved.
ACS BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Sen Lin, Sutian Wang, Peng Wang, Cuiming Tang, Zhenjiang Wang, Lian Chen, Guoqing Luo, Hong Chen, Yuntao Liu, Bin Feng, De Wu, Douglas G. Burrin, Zhengfeng Fang
Summary: It is well known that bile acids are crucial for lipid metabolism and can act as signaling molecules through interacting with receptors. Bile acids undergo microbial transformation by gut microbes and have profound effects on liver, intestinal tissues, and the gut microbiota. Farnesoid X receptor and G protein-coupled bile acid receptor 1, highly expressed in the intestine, have emerged as pivotal regulators in bile acid metabolism, innate immunity, and inflammatory responses. Manipulating bile acid metabolism and the expression of bile acid receptors may offer a promising strategy to regulate intestinal health and disease. This review aims to summarize the roles of bile acids and their receptors in the regulation of gut health and diseases.
PROGRESS IN LIPID RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Jennifer M. Lang, Leslie R. Sedgeman, Lei Cai, Joseph D. Layne, Zhen Wang, Calvin Pan, Richard Lee, Ryan E. Temel, Aldons J. Lusis
Summary: The study indicates that high-fat diets significantly reduce gut microbiome diversity, while dietary cholesterol levels do not affect the microbiome.
FRONTIERS IN MEDICINE
(2021)
Review
Microbiology
Thomas Gautier, Sandrine David-Le Gall, Alaa Sweidan, Zohreh Tamanai-Shacoori, Anne Jolivet-Gougeon, Olivier Loreal, Latifa Bousarghin
Summary: The global pandemic caused by the emergence of SARS CoV-2 has led to significant health impacts, with no specific treatment available yet. Alterations in gut microbiota in COVID-19 patients have drawn attention to the potential use of probiotics as alternative therapies.
Review
Food Science & Technology
Silvia Molino, M. Pilar Francino, Jose Angel Rufian Henares
Summary: Tannins are a diverse group of polyphenols that have been used since ancient times, and their potential as nutraceuticals is now being explored. Despite years of research, there are still many unanswered questions regarding their chemistry and biological transformation. This review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of tannin chemistry and highlight areas that require further research in order to unlock their full potential as active ingredients or technological components in nutraceutical products.
FOOD RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL
(2023)