Simple Fabrication of Concrete with Remarkable Self-Cleaning Ability, Robust Superhydrophobicity, Tailored Porosity, and Highly Thermal and Sound Insulation

Self-cleaning materials have attracted immense commercial and academic interests in recent years. A major challenge is the scalable and cost-effective fabrication of three-dimensional bulk materials with remarkable self-cleaning and a desirable combination of tailored porosity, robust superhydrophobicity, excellent mechanical strength, heat insulation, and sound absorption ability. Here, self-cleaning concrete was achieved in one step through the combination of the liquid template pore formation and in situ bulk hydrophobic modification. The concrete exhibited superhydrophobicity with a high water contact angle of 166 degrees both on the surface and inside of the sample, which qualified the sample with remarkable stain repellency and long-term stability. The water contact angle remained unchanged under continuous mechanical grinding and harsh environments, such as high temperature (450 degrees C in air and 650 degrees C in Ar) and chemical erosion. The concrete with a controllable porosity from 56.3 to 77.4% and homogeneous small pore size (similar to 15 mu m) exhibited high compressive strength and low thermal conductivity. Furthermore, high sound absorption capacity (97%, 500 Hz) at a vibration frequency from 400 to 600 Hz was realized. With these excellent performances 'and characteristics and easy scalable fabrication, the concrete prepared in this work possessed a wide application prospect.